Minerals

Question 1

What factors have to be met for a substance to be a mineral

Answer 1

1. Naturally occurring
2. Solid crystalline substance
3. Inorganic
4. Specific chemical composition

Question 2

What s a element

Answer 2

A substance which Cannot be separated or subdivided into simpler substances by chemical means

Question 3

What does an atom consist of

Answer 3

An atom consists of a nucleus of protons which are positively charged and neutrons. A cloud of negative charged electrons equal number to the protons surround the nuclear us

Question 4

How do you electrons arrange them selves

Answer 4

Electrons of her and she’ll like layers with two on the inner shell and 8 in succeeding shells outer shells

Question 5

What is the valance shell

Answer 5

The outer most shell of an atom that affects the chemical make up of bonds

Question 6

What are the two most abundant element on earth

Answer 6

Oxygen and silica make up 98.5% of the earths crust

Question 7

What are three basic formations of minerals

Answer 7

1. Precipitation directly from an aqueous solution with a temperature change
2. Crystallization from a magma with a temperature change
3. Biological precipitation by the act of organisms

Question 8

Define the participation directly from an aqueous solution on the temperature change process

Answer 8

The process in which ions in solution come together to form solid minerals. The amount of precipitation is dependent on the concentration of ions in solution and other factors such as temperature and pressure

Question 9

Define crystallization from magma

Answer 9

The process of increase temperature causing Adams to vibrate. If the vibrations are violent enough chemical bonds are broken and the crystals melt really seen the ions into the metal. when the cool mineral crystals can start to form.

Question 10

Define Precipitation by organisms

Answer 10

Minerals Can fall off the shelves bones and by coverings of certain organisms, The most common is calcite or calcium carbonate. When when this falls down or sinks in the ocean this can build up on layers of sedimentary and we crushed into lime stone.

Question 11

What is the most common form of geometric packing for minerals

Answer 11

Tetrahedrons

Question 12

What are Olivines

Answer 12

Primary mineral of mantle and the rock called peridotite.
It is built by independent tetrahedral
It is in the mafic mineral group and is made up of ferro-magnesium

Question 13

Define pyroxenes

Answer 13

Mafic group

Built from a long single chain of silica tetrahedra

Question 14

Define amphiboles

Answer 14

Double chain silica tetrahedra

Mafic mineral of igneous and metamorphic origin

Question 15

Define sheet silicates

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Define framework silicates

Answer 16

framework silicates have a structure wherein all of the 4 oxygens of SiO4^4 tetrahedra are shared with other tetrahedra

Question 17

Define oxides

Answer 17

a binary compound of oxygen with another element or group

Question 18

Define Halides

Answer 18

a binary compound of a halogen with another element or group.

Question 19

Define sulphides

Answer 19

a binary compound of sulfur with another element or group.

Question 20

Define sulphates

Answer 20

The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO²⁻

Question 21

Define phosphates

Answer 21

a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.

Question 22

How can you identify minerals (try to get three)

Answer 22

1. Crystal form
2. Hardness
3. Cleavages/fracture
4. Lustre
5. Colour
6. Streak
   7.

Question 23

Define Gems

Answer 23

Minerals that are three main characteristics

Rarity, hardness, and chemical resistance

Question 24

What are the properties of gems

Answer 24

Beauty, refractive index, dispersion, colour and transparency

Question 25

Formation of Gems in mantle

Answer 25

The most abundant upper mantle mineral is olivine(peridot) formed 30-90km below Earths surface
The best known the mantel gem is diamond, Formed 160 km below the earth surface

Question 26

Formation of magmatic gems

Answer 26

As magma cools elements combine to form minerals.

Question 27

What are the most common minerals in the crust

Answer 27

Feldspars and quarts make up 63% of the crust

Question 28

explain cross cutting relationships***** test questions

Answer 28

the Law of Crosscutting Relationships stated that if a fault or other body of rock cuts through another body of rock then it must be younger in age than the rock through which it cuts and displaces.

Question 29

Define mafic

Answer 29

Can refer to a volcanic rock with lower silica composition, or the minerals that make up those rocks, namely olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Mafic rocks are darker in color and contain more minerals that are dark in color, but can contain some plagioclase feldspar. Primary mafic rocks are basalt (extrusive) and gabbro (intrusive

Question 30

Define Felsic

Answer 30

Can refer to a volcanic rock with higher silica composition, or the minerals that make up those rocks, namely quartz, feldspar (both potassium feldspar and plagioclase feldspar), and muscovite mica. Felsic rocks are lighter in color and contain more minerals that are light in color, but can contain some biotite and amphibole. Primary felsic rocks are rhyolite (extrusive) and granite (intrusive).