Mindware - tools for smart thinking (Nisbett) Flashcards

1
Q

Hvorfor mener Nisbett at man ikke bør stole på hva man tror at man vet, uten å bevisst være klar over grunnen?

A

1) Studie: Assosier «bølge» og «måne». Etterfølgende studie: Større sannsynlighet for å si ordet «tidevann». Kunne ikke forklare selv at dette var pga. studie 1.
2) Kald versus Varmt personlighetstrekk fører til halo-effekt: Alle personlighetstrekk blir vurdert kaldere eller varmere. Da folk ble spurt om de kjente til at de selv ble påvirket av dette, mente de at det ikke skjedde.

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2
Q

Hva er konklusjonen til Nisbett om persepsjon, tro og bedømmelse?

A

Selv persepsjon, tro og vurderingsevne er et resultat av slutninger. Ikke direkte avspeilinger av virkeligheten.

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3
Q

Hva er «expected value»-analyse?

A

Hvert alternativ har sannsynlighet for suksess E og forventet nytte V.

Forventet nytteverdi er E*V

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4
Q

Hva er opphavet til analyse av forventet nytteverdi?

A

Pascals wager

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5
Q

Bør man gjøre en kost/nytte analyse?

A

The more important and complicated the decision, the more important it is to do such an analysis.

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6
Q

hva er problemet med opp. cost?

A

If you do something you don’t want to do and don’t have to do, you automatically are wasting an opportunity to do something better.

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7
Q

hvorfor mener Nisbett man bør gjøre kost/nytte analyse?

A

They are richer, actually. Faculty members at the University of Michigan who report making decisions in line with cost-benefit analysis make significantly more money.

Bedre karakterer

Cost-benefit theory is logic-tight. It’s based on a few assumptions that most people agree are reasonable guides for good decision making: more money is better than less, decision time counts as a cost, future benefits are of less value than present benefits, and so forth.

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8
Q

skyldes kost/nytte at folk er smartere?

A

it’s not just because the rule users are smarter. In fact, the relationship between rule use and grades gets stronger when verbal SAT/ ACT is pulled out of the equation.

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9
Q

definer opp. cost

A

An opportunity cost is defined as the cost of engaging in a given course of action, thereby losing the benefits of the next-best action.

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