Mind, Body and Soul

Question 1

Dualism

Answer 1

The belief that humans have two elements - Body and Soul

Question 2

Substance Dualism

Answer 2

The two elements (Body and Soul) are wholly different substances

Question 3

Monism

Answer 3

The view that humans are one substance

Question 4

Materialism

Answer 4

The only substance is a material one

Question 5

Identity Theory

Answer 5

All mental activity is centred in the brain and is purely physical

Question 6

Soul One (Dawkins)

Answer 6

Non-material life force (mystic jelly) and ancient idea being killed by science

Question 7

Soul Two (Dawkins)

Answer 7

Intellect, reason or consciousness

Question 8

Category Error

Answer 8

Incorrectly assuming that the mind and body are of the same logical type

Question 9

Plato’s Thoughts on the Soul

Answer 9

soul belongs in the world of the forms; its immoral and perfect but is imprisoned by the body

Question 10

Charioteer

Answer 10

the soul has three elements, the charioteer is reason which is steering the two horses are physical desire and emotion, the reason os on charge so theirs harmony in the soul

Question 11

Argument from Knowledge

Answer 11

the knowledge and recognition from things in the forms, demonstrating a prior knowledge

Question 12

Argument from Opposites

Answer 12

just like light and dark, the body and soul are opposites

Question 13

Aristotle - Wax

Answer 13

the soul cannot be separated form the body just as the imprint cant be separated from the wax - monism

Question 14

Descartes

Answer 14

Believes the senses can deceive perhaps he’s being controlled by a demon

Question 15

Cogito Ergo

Answer 15

i think therefore i am - separation of the mind (thinking) from the body (sense experience) that led him to substance dualism

Question 16

Body and Mind are completely separate substances, the body is divisible but the mind is not

Answer 16

Amputate a body part but this would not take anything away from your mind

Question 17

Pineal Gland

Answer 17

the mind and body interact, causally affecting each other, this point of interaction is the pineal gland, this is the seat of imagination and common sense

Question 18

Criticism of Descartes - Ryle

Answer 18

Ghost in the Machine - the ghost is the ‘mind’ and the machine is the ‘body’… how could a ghostly immaterial substance affect and control the material body - like a ghost trying to ride a bicycle

Question 19

Anscombe - Pointing

Answer 19

The meaning and significance behind pointing, cannot be deduced by bodily actions alone, it requires description of the thought - the physical gesture has a meaning beyond itself

Question 20

Dawkins - digital information

Answer 20

Life is just bytes of digital information, contained in the DNA

Question 21

Swinburne’s Criticism of Dawkins

Answer 21

conscience, morality and personal identity cannot be explained without reference to a soul

Question 22

Ward’s Criticism of Dawkins

Answer 22

the soul which gives humanity is special dignity and sense of purpose