Milk Composition Flashcards
What is colostrum? What consistency/colour?
Colostrum is the first milk product to be produced, and starts to be produced in pregnancy and up to a few days post-birth. Yellow/Orange thick fluid rich in antibodies, vitamins and minerals.
What is transitional milk and what are its contents?
Transitional milk is the onset of Lactogenesis 2, produced after colostrum for the first few weeks- a whiter consistency filled with higher caloric content such as fat and lactose.
What does transitional milk have less of?
immunoglobins
What is mature milk and its composition?
Lactogenesis 3 milk- lasts until end of lactation. Contents change due to foremilk and hindmilk having different compositions due to the higher quantity of milk produced at one time.
When is foremilk let down and what is it composed of?
At beginning of a feed- high in protein, lactose and water
When is hindmilk let down and what is it composed of?
As feed progresses – fat level gradually increases and milk volume decreases
What is the composition percentages for energy and growth of foremilk and hindmilk?
10% solids for energy and growth, 90% water for hydration.
What six factors influence milk composition?
Stage of lactation Gestational age of baby Stage of the feed Time of the day Pathogens mother or baby have been exposed to Dietary variations
Does maternal diet influence milk volume?
No- unless severely malnorished
When is fat content in milk lowest?
In the morning
When is fat content the highest?
In the arvo
Does the type of fats in diet affect composition of fatty acids in milk?
Yes
What is a major carbohydrate in breast milk and its %?
Lactose- 7%
What is the role of lactose in breastmilk diet?
Quickly broken down into glucose to provide energy and enhances calcium absorption
What is the role of Enzyme lactase?
is necessary to convert lactose to simple sugars.
What is Galactosaemia?
is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individual’s ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly. Lactose free diet is needed.
What is Human Milk Oligosaccharides purpose?
are an important sugar – (around 1-2%) not digested by baby – food for beneficial microbes in the babies gut – they feed the seed system
What can unmodified cows milk cause in babies under one?
Unmodified cow’s milk causes renal solute load and microscopic bleeding into gut wall.
What two proteins are in breast milk and their %?
Approx 40% casein and 60% whey proteins – form soft curds in stomach – providing continuous flow of nutrients to baby
What vitamins are present in breastmilk?
A D E K are present
What vitamin is rich in colostrum?
Vitamin E
What vitamin is colostrum and breastmilk low in?
Colostrum and breastmilk is low in Vitamin K
What water soluble vitamins are influenced by maternal diet?
Ascorbic acid, riboflavin, B12 and pyridoxine (B6).
Absorption in gut of neonate depends on the availability of what?
fats and vitamin D
