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Tall > milk > Flashcards

milk Flashcards

1
Q

general water:

A

88%

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2
Q

general dry matter/solid

A

12-16%

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3
Q

general solid non fat

A

8 - 9 %

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4
Q 
COW
Protein: 
casein: 
whey:
(Fat globule membrane protein)
A

3,5%
2,8%
0.7%

(0.7%)

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5
Q

general Fat:

A

3,3-6,1 %

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6
Q

general lactose:

A

4,5-5% cow 4,8, eq 8

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7
Q

general salt and minerals

A

0,6-0.8 %

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8
Q

Cl / lactose ratio

A

Cl (mg/100mg) / lactose (g/kg) = opt 1,7 -2,2

<2.2 mastitis

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9
Q

pH milk cow

colustrum

A

6,5-6,7

<6

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10
Q

Milk ph mastitis

A

> 7,5 (7) due to movement of blood components

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11
Q

Titrable acidity: bulk milk sample

A

6,2 -7.8 degree using SH

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12
Q

SH

A

6.2-7,8

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13
Q

TH

A

Normal milk 17 Th

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14
Q

Quality criteria raw sheep/goat milk reg 853/2004

A

plate count at 30 degree, < 1 500 000 rolling geometric average

If without treatment < 500 000

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15
Q

Ph sheep milk

A

6.5-6.8

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16
Q

Quality criteria raw COW milk reg 853/2004

STANDAR PLATE COUNT

Classic culture method

A

FBO ensure
- plate count at 30 degree (pr ml) <100 000
rollin geometric average over a 2 month period with at least 2 samles pr month

  • SCC <400 000
    rollling geometric average over a 3 month period with at least one sample pr month
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17
Q

Temp requirments milk reg 853/2004

A

<6 degree (immediatley after milking 4?)

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18
Q

Pasturization milk HTST:

A

min 72 C for 15 sec

show negativ reaction to ALP

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19
Q

Pasturization milk LTLT

A

63-65 C for 30 min

show negativ reaction to ALP

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20
Q

Sterilization of milk

A

115 degree for 10-20 min
140 degree 3-4 sec
kill all pathogen

21
Q

Quality criteria milk (for sale)

freezing:

A

-0.52

22
Q

Quality criteria milk (for sale)
milk constitiuents
- protein
- fat

A

protein
min 28 g/l

fat
min 36g/l

23
Q

Quality criteria milk (for sale)

fat free dry matter

A

8.5%

24
Q

UHT

A

135 degree

25
Q

Psycotropic bacteria CFU

A

Pseudemonas, listeria
able to grow temp below 7 degree
< 50 000 CFU/ml CZ standard

26
Q

Coliform bacteria CFU

A

E.coli, klebsiella, proteus, serratia

CFU <1000 CFU/ml

indicates fecal contamination and poor milk hygiene, can cause mastitis

27
Q

Enterococci cfu

A

no limit CZ standard

28
Q

Staphylococcus aureus cfu

A

main pathogen mammary gl. 500 CFU/ml

29
Q

Milk enzyme utilisation

A
  • preservation: superoxide desmotase
  • thermal history: alkalinephosphatase
  • animal health (mastitis): catalase, plasmin
  • antibacterial effect: lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin
30
Q

milk consumption

A

highest 150kg year - europe, north america

31
Q

milk nutrition human

A

20-30% protein in diet
15% lipids
80% food calcium

32
Q

lactulose

A

milk heat treated

growth factor bifidobacterium - probiotic

33
Q

milking vaccum

A

liner vaccum beneath the teat during milking time 32-40 kPa - most important

34
Q

milking machine ISO

A

5707 and 6690

35
Q

Milking pulsation

A

milking phase suction B in ms

rest phase D massage in ms

36
Q

Handling of milk after milking

A
  • filtration —> remove impurities
  • chilling: cf. question 11
  • storage: clean place, specifically designed and equipped
  • transport: < 10°C cisterns of 8 000-22 000 litters labelled with “milk”
37
Q

milk fat content mastitis

A

increase total fat content

  • milk fat globules suceptible to action of lipase enzyme (hydrolysis TAG)

high free FA, organoleptic defect, especially rancid flavour

38
Q

milk protein content mastitis

A

increase, blood born protein - serum albumin, Ig, transferin

Decrease casein, a-lactablumin, b-lactoglobulin due to inflammation of udder

39
Q

milk enzyme mastitis

A

increased

catalase, lysosyme, lactoperoxidase

40
Q

mastitis bacteria

A

up tp 10 000 000 CFU/ml

41
Q

Determination mastitic milk

LACTOSE

A

physiological value; 4,5-5%
mastitis: <4.6

method: polarometric

42
Q

Determination mastitic milk

chloride

A

normal: 90-110 mg/100 g
mastitis: >140 mg/100 g

43
Q

Determination mastitic milk

CONDUCTIVITY

A

physiological : 0.4 - 0.5 s.m

mastitic milk: >0.6 s.m

44
Q

Determination mastitic milk

CATALASE

A

milk sample add 3 drops H202 -> foam present = POSITIV

45
Q

lactose syntesis enzyme

A 
A = galactosyltransferase 
B = a- lactalbumin
46
Q

Lactoferrin + lactoperoxidase + lactofferin structure

A

glycoprotein, high affinity iron

47
Q

lactoperoxide small anti-bacterial activity - need precense of…

A

hydrogen peroxide + thiocyanate - catalyse ocidation of hypothiocyanate = inhibit bacterial mtb

used in country where not possible to cool milk immediately after milking, adding hydrogen peroxide

48
Q

casein structure

A

casein micelle, micelle formed by ca,P,mg

49
Q

Microbial anaylysis milk product Microscopic analysis -

A

DMCC

Direct microscopic clump count

Tall (7 decks)

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