Milgram and variations (pack 1 Obedience)

Question 1

What is moral strain?

Answer 1

experiencing anxiety, usually because you are asked to do something that goes against your moral judgement

Question 2

what does socialisation mean?

Answer 2

the process of learning norms through social agents- e.g - teachers and parents

Question 3

what was the aim of Milgram’s study?

Answer 3

to see if volunteer participants would be similarly obedient to inhumane orders: how far would they go when giving electric shocks to who they think is just another participant

Question 4

What are 5 points in the procedure for Milgram’s study?

Answer 4

1. used advertisement to recruit a sample of 40 men in Connecticut, mixed age. Milgram paid them $4. the study was done in Yale university
2. the lots were rigged and the naive subject was always the teacher
3. The deceptive aim of the study was “to see the effect of punishment on learning and sample shock was 45v
4. teacher went into the room and could only hear not see the confederate
5. at 315v the confederate banged on door but was silent

Question 5

what were two of the prods that the experimenter gave in Milgram’s study?

Answer 5

1. please continue
2. The experiment requires that you continue

Question 6

What was Milgram’s pilot study and what were the results?

Answer 6

asked people from different backgrounds how 100 participants would behave

predicted most Americans would stop before 150v, only 4% carry onto 450v

Question 7

quantitative results from Milgram’s (actual) study?

Answer 7

100% obeyed to 300v
14 stopped before 450v
65% obeyed to 450v

Question 8

qualitative results from Milgram’s (actual) study?

Answer 8

showed visible signs of distress -laugh nervously, twitch
“I don’t think this is very humane” etc.

Question 9

what were the conclusion from Milgram’s study?

Answer 9

that social influence is strong, people tend to obey orders even if it causes them distress.

Question 10

what were 4 social features that lead to obedience?

Answer 10

1. Yale university is prestigious so nothing unethical would happen
2. The Victim was not unwilling and gave consent
3. it was thought that the shocks were painful and wouldn’t kill them
4. the participant was paid and felt they had an obligation

Question 11

what was variation 7 of Milgram’s study?

Answer 11

telephonic instructions

Question 12

why did Milgram choose to do variation 7 of the study?

Answer 12

believed that the proximity of the experimenter would change obedience rates

Question 13

what were the results of variation 7?

Answer 13

22.5% (65% original)

Question 14

what did Milgram find in variation 7?

Answer 14

some ppt lied and said they administered a higher voltage than they actually gave

Question 15

one strength and one weakness of variation 7?

Answer 15

S- milgram’s results supported as when he varied proximity, obedience levels changed

W- not a natural situation- ppt placed into role of helper rather than acting independently

Question 16

what was variation 10?

Answer 16

the setting of the research (rundown office block)

Question 17

why did Milgram choose to do variation 10?

Answer 17

wondered if the original setting for original research influenced obedience levels (yale)

Question 18

what did the setting look like in variation 10?

Answer 18

rundown office building, opposite some shops in Bridgeport. The room used as a lab was clean but sparsely furnished.

Question 19

in variation 10, who did they believe was conducting the study compared to yale uni?

Answer 19

research associates of bridgeport

Question 20

what were the results of variation 10 compared to the original study

Answer 20

47.5% gave max voltage

Question 21

one strength and one weakness for variation 10?

Answer 21

S- use of an office block may suggest increased mundane realism

W- still lowin mundane realism due to the shock generator and controlled verbal prods

Question 22

what was variation 13 of the study?

Answer 22

ordinary man gives order

Question 23

why did milgram want to carry out variation 13 of the study?

Answer 23

wondered if authority and status influenced obedience

Question 24

how did Milgram set up variation 13 of the study?

Answer 24

three people at lab, one ppt and two confeds
a rigged draw meant that the ppt would be the teacher
the first confed was a learner and the second was given the task of recording times from experimenters desk
experimenter received a rigged phone call and left room
DID NOT TELL THEM WHAT LEVEL OF SHOCK TO GIVE
the second confed told them to increase shock level

Question 25

results of variation 13?

Answer 25

only a 20% obedience level

Question 26

one strength and one weakness of variation 13?

Answer 26

S- ppt saw the confed draw lots, reinforces the idea of an ordinary man and increases the validty
W- still may have felt that the overall authority lay with Yale uni

Question 27

what is the conclusion of all of Milgram’s studies?

Answer 27

level of obedience highest in original
setting had least affect (47.5%)
status had greatest (20%)

Question 28

overall evaluation for Milgram

Answer 28

good controls and standardised procedures in first experiment made it possible to investigate variations

variation supported Milgrams original findings therefore increasing validity