Milgram Flashcards
What was Milgram studying?
Obediance
Who did Milgram perform his procedure on ?
40 american males via adverts for a study about memory, aged 20-50, offered $4.50
What was Milgrams procedure?
Rigged the draw, making all of their roles the ‘teacher’.
A confed was the ‘learner’ and ‘experimenter’
The ‘learner’ was strapped into a chair, asked questions, when he got them wrong the Naive participant would have to give him a ‘fake.’ electric shock 15-450 VOLTS.
What were the findings of Milgrams procedure?
*No participant stopped below 300V
*65% continued to full Volts, predicted only 3% would
*Participants showed extreme signs of distress, but continued when the experimenter gave the prod.
What did 84% of participants say in the debrief?
That they felt glad to have participated.
What were the three SITUATIONAL variables in Milgrams study?
- Proximity-3types (proximity, touch prox, remote instruction time prox.)
- Location
3.Uniform
What happened in Proximity?
When the teacher and learning moved from adjoining rooms to the same room, obediance dropped from 65-40%
What happened during touch proximity?
The teacher forced the learners hand onto the electroshock.
*Obediance dropped to 30%
What happened during Remote instruction time proximity?
Experimenter left the room and gave instructions via the phone.
*obediance dropped to 20.5%, teachers pretending to give shocks or give weaker ones than ordered to.
What happened when milgram changed location from yale to a rundown building?
The experimenter had less authority, and obediance dropped to 47.5%
what happened when milgram changed the uniform of the experimenter from a lab coat to normal clothes?
In one variation, Milgram got the experimenter to leave for a ‘call.’ and replaced him with an ordinary member of public.
*obediance dropped to 20% LOWEST
lack of belief
How was the internal validity a limitation in Milgrams procedure?
*only 75% believed the shocks were real, the other 25% did not.
*Perry’s research says that after listening to the tapes back, only half believed the shocks were real
If some believed the shocks were real/fake, how does this effect the findings?
It suggests there may have been D.C’s, which have become confounding and decreased internal validity.
Therefore, Milgram may not have been testing Obediance.
Sheridan and King did an experiment on puppies with real shocks, and participants obeyed. What does this suggest about Milgrams study?
The obediance shown in his study is genuine, as people still obeyed even when the shocks were clearly real.
How was milgrams research critisiced for using only males?
*makes the stufy androcentric.
*cannot generalise to women.
*becomes a beta bias
*misrepresents women, as the results may have differed.
Therefore, any results from the study can only be applied to males
