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history > Milestones Review #1 - Units 1-6 > Flashcards

Milestones Review #1 - Units 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What crop helped “save” Jamestown?

A

Tobacco

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2
Q

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

A

1st legislative assembly in America

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3
Q

What poor farmer rebelled against the governor of Virginia because he failed to protect the farmers from native attacks?

A

Nathaniel Bacon

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4
Q

Why was Massachusetts founded?

A

For religious Freedom

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5
Q

Describe the governments of New England

A

Preachers and religious men controlled government

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6
Q

Two examples of differences between the colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia

A
  1. South was centered on plantations not cities

2. Massachusetts focused on religious freedom

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7
Q

What was New York called before the British took over? Who originally controlled the colony?

A
  1. New Netherland. 2. the dutch
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8
Q

What colony known for religious toleration was founded by Quakers?

A

Pennsylvania

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9
Q

For what reason was the Georgia colony formed?

A

a buffer between the English colonies and the spanish

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10
Q
  1. What term is used to describe the economic idea of using colonies to benefit the mother country (more exports than imports)?
A

Mercantilism

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11
Q

Describe the significance of the Great Awakening.

A

series of religious revivals

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12
Q

Define salutary neglect

A

it is beneficial to ignore

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13
Q

Define parliamentary sovereignty

A

people have the power to vote

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14
Q

Many historians consider the conclusion of the French and Indian War the beginning of the American Revolution. How might this be true?

A

The British take a more strike approach to governing the colonies, much to the spite of the colonists

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15
Q

Put these 3 events in chronological order: (a) Lexington & Concord, (b) Intolerable Acts, (c) Stamp Act

A
  1. Stamp Act 2. Intolerable Acts 3. Lexington and Concord
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16
Q

What is the significance of the Sons of Liberty?

A

a major group formed to protest British restrictions and became leaders during the resistance

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17
Q

What is the significance of Common Sense?

A

turned many neutral colonists to support independence

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18
Q

What is the significance of the First Continental Congress?

A

drew up a declaration of colonial rights after the intolerable acts

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19
Q

How did American colonists responded to British taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townsend Acts?

A

They boycotted goods, formed groups, and created the committees to communicate.

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20
Q

Who wrote Common Sense?

A

Thomas Paine

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21
Q

Who is given credit for authoring the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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22
Q

Which European Enlightenment thinker influenced the drafting of the Declaration of Independence?

A

John Locke

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23
Q

Who was the American in charge of the Continental Army?

A

George Washington

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24
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

A

The French joined the Americans as an ally

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25
Q

What provisions did the Treaty of Paris, 1783 include?

A

Gave America independence, full use of land east of the Mississippi, and removal of the British army from USA claims

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26
Q

List two successes of the Articles of the Confederation:

A
  • Land ordinance of 1785-divided the west into townships

* Northwest ordinance of 1787- created territories when a place had a certain number of people. Banned slavery.

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27
Q

List two failures of the Articles of the Confederation:

A
  • government could not pay off debts because their were no taxes
  • uprising from poor farmers
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28
Q

What impact did Shays’ Rebellion have on the formation of the Constitution?

A

*Made people want a stronger government

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29
Q

Under which was the federal government stronger, the Articles of Confederation or the Constitution? How?

A

*The constitution. Under the articles, the government had no right to tax but the constitution has three branches of government and more power.

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30
Q

Describe the New Jersey Plan

A
  • unicameral (1-house) congress
  • states are equally represented
  • no president
31
Q

Describe the Virginia Plan

A
  • bicameral (2-house) congress
  • larger states have more representatives
  • add a president
32
Q

Describe The Great Compromise

A
  • bicameral (2-house) congress
  • senate: 2 representative for each state
  • House of Rep: number of representatives is determined by states population
33
Q

Define separation of powers

A

*three branches of government with defines powers (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)

34
Q

Define federalism

A

*the national government shares power with the state government

35
Q

Who were the federalists and anti-federalists? What did they disagree on?

A
  • Federalists: support the ratification of the constitution
  • Anti-Feds: against ratification (gave government to much power), the constitution was an illegal change, wanted a bill or rights
36
Q

3 differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson:

A
  • Jefferson: reversed federalist policies, cut back on Hamilton’s financial plan and US banking system, reduced size of government
  • Hamilton: federalist, established US banking system, expanded power of government
37
Q

What advice did Washington give Americans in his Farewell Address in 1796?

A
  • political parties

* “entangling alliances” with foreign countries

38
Q

What court case established the legal precedent of Judicial Review?

A

*Marbury V. Madison

39
Q

What president purchased the Louisiana Territory?

A

*Thomas Jefferson

40
Q

Why did the War of 1812 begin

A

*England and France violated America’s free trade

41
Q

What treaty ended the War of 1812?

A

*Treaty of Ghent

42
Q

Describe Henry Clay’s “American System”

A

*a system to unify the economies of the north, south, and west. Created a 2bank of the US. Created a tariff and limited importation of British goods. Created a national system of roads and canals.

43
Q

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

*warned European nations that USA would protect the western hemisphere and would not interfere in Europe.

44
Q

How and why did voter turnout change by the 1830s?

A

*more men were able to vote because of removal of restrictions on property and tax

45
Q

Who was the “common man” president?

A

*Andrew Jackson

46
Q

What were Andrew Jackson’s political beliefs going into his time as president?

A

*He thought the president should have more power and gave the spoils system

47
Q

What political party did Andrew Jackson create?

A

*democratic

48
Q

What were 2 key events of the presidency of Andrew Jackson?

A
  • Indian removal act

* nullification crisis

49
Q

Define temperance

A

*a reform ran by women to stop the drinking in America

50
Q

Define Abolitionism

A

*a reform to get rid of slavery

51
Q

What does Manifest Destiny mean?

A

*expanding the USA from coast to coast

52
Q

What caused the Mexican-American War?

A

*boarder dispute between Mexico and Texas

53
Q

The new territory gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War that included New Mexico, California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming was collectively known as the

A

*Mexican cession

54
Q

Which sectional compromise created the 36°30’ line that outlawed slavery in northern territories in the West?

A

*Missouri compromise

55
Q

Which compromise created the Fugitive Slave Law?

A

*compromise of 1850

56
Q

The Kansas-Nebraska Act created popular sovereignty which enraged northern abolitionists. What is popular sovereignty?

A

*to vote for who you want

57
Q

What is the difference between “free-soilers” and “abolitionists”?

A

*free soil party only wanted to stop the spread of slavery from spreading west while abolitionists wanted slavery to end

58
Q

What act was ruled unconstitutional in the Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Supreme Court case?

A

*congress did not have the power to stop slavery in the western territories ending the Missouri compromise

59
Q

Who is John Brown?

A

*a abolitionist who led an unsuccessful raid to seize to control of a federal armory and slave uprising

60
Q

How did John Brown influence sectionalism in America?

A

*he made the southerners think that the northerners would use violence to end slavery

61
Q

What was Lincoln’s war goal when the Civil War began?

A

*reunite the union

62
Q

How did Lincoln’s war goal change over the course of the war?

A

*adding the end of slavery

63
Q

Put the following Civil War events in the correct chronological order:
(a) Fort Sumter, (b) Lincoln’s election as president in 1860, (c) secession of South Carolina, and (d) the Civil War begins

A
  • President Lincoln’s election 1860
  • secession of south carolina
  • fort sumter
  • civil war begins
64
Q

What were two advantages of the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War

A

*railroad system and increased population

65
Q

Name this document: “…all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”?

A

*Emancipation Proclamation

66
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?

A

*last time the Confederates attacked northern soil. North began to win war

67
Q

Define “Reconstruction”

A

*to re-build

68
Q

List two goals of the Union during Reconstruction

A
  • focus on education and build schools

* bring new economic changes to south like textile mills

69
Q

Describe the 13th amendment

A

*end slavery

70
Q

Describe the 14th amendment

A

*guaranteed all citizens equal protection under law

71
Q

Describe the 15th amendment

A

*voting rights to black males

72
Q

Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached? How did his actions change following his impeachment?

A
  • he violated the Tenure of Office Act when he tried to fire his secretary of war.
  • he enforced reconstruction for the rest of his term
73
Q

Describe the Compromise of 1877

A

*when neither presidential candidate won the electoral vote, it went to congress. The republican candidate, Hayes, promised to end remove troops from the south to get the democrats to vote for him.

74
Q

How did it(compromise of 1877) impact Reconstruction?

A

*it ended reconstruction

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