Milestones Review #1 - Units 1-6 Flashcards
What crop helped “save” Jamestown?
Tobacco
What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?
1st legislative assembly in America
What poor farmer rebelled against the governor of Virginia because he failed to protect the farmers from native attacks?
Nathaniel Bacon
Why was Massachusetts founded?
For religious Freedom
Describe the governments of New England
Preachers and religious men controlled government
Two examples of differences between the colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia
- South was centered on plantations not cities
2. Massachusetts focused on religious freedom
What was New York called before the British took over? Who originally controlled the colony?
- New Netherland. 2. the dutch
What colony known for religious toleration was founded by Quakers?
Pennsylvania
For what reason was the Georgia colony formed?
a buffer between the English colonies and the spanish
- What term is used to describe the economic idea of using colonies to benefit the mother country (more exports than imports)?
Mercantilism
Describe the significance of the Great Awakening.
series of religious revivals
Define salutary neglect
it is beneficial to ignore
Define parliamentary sovereignty
people have the power to vote
Many historians consider the conclusion of the French and Indian War the beginning of the American Revolution. How might this be true?
The British take a more strike approach to governing the colonies, much to the spite of the colonists
Put these 3 events in chronological order: (a) Lexington & Concord, (b) Intolerable Acts, (c) Stamp Act
- Stamp Act 2. Intolerable Acts 3. Lexington and Concord
What is the significance of the Sons of Liberty?
a major group formed to protest British restrictions and became leaders during the resistance
What is the significance of Common Sense?
turned many neutral colonists to support independence
What is the significance of the First Continental Congress?
drew up a declaration of colonial rights after the intolerable acts
How did American colonists responded to British taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townsend Acts?
They boycotted goods, formed groups, and created the committees to communicate.
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
Who is given credit for authoring the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Which European Enlightenment thinker influenced the drafting of the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Who was the American in charge of the Continental Army?
George Washington
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
The French joined the Americans as an ally
What provisions did the Treaty of Paris, 1783 include?
Gave America independence, full use of land east of the Mississippi, and removal of the British army from USA claims
List two successes of the Articles of the Confederation:
- Land ordinance of 1785-divided the west into townships
* Northwest ordinance of 1787- created territories when a place had a certain number of people. Banned slavery.
List two failures of the Articles of the Confederation:
- government could not pay off debts because their were no taxes
- uprising from poor farmers
What impact did Shays’ Rebellion have on the formation of the Constitution?
*Made people want a stronger government
Under which was the federal government stronger, the Articles of Confederation or the Constitution? How?
*The constitution. Under the articles, the government had no right to tax but the constitution has three branches of government and more power.
Describe the New Jersey Plan
- unicameral (1-house) congress
- states are equally represented
- no president
Describe the Virginia Plan
- bicameral (2-house) congress
- larger states have more representatives
- add a president
Describe The Great Compromise
- bicameral (2-house) congress
- senate: 2 representative for each state
- House of Rep: number of representatives is determined by states population
Define separation of powers
*three branches of government with defines powers (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)
Define federalism
*the national government shares power with the state government
Who were the federalists and anti-federalists? What did they disagree on?
- Federalists: support the ratification of the constitution
- Anti-Feds: against ratification (gave government to much power), the constitution was an illegal change, wanted a bill or rights
3 differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson:
- Jefferson: reversed federalist policies, cut back on Hamilton’s financial plan and US banking system, reduced size of government
- Hamilton: federalist, established US banking system, expanded power of government
What advice did Washington give Americans in his Farewell Address in 1796?
- political parties
* “entangling alliances” with foreign countries
What court case established the legal precedent of Judicial Review?
*Marbury V. Madison
What president purchased the Louisiana Territory?
*Thomas Jefferson
Why did the War of 1812 begin
*England and France violated America’s free trade
What treaty ended the War of 1812?
*Treaty of Ghent
Describe Henry Clay’s “American System”
*a system to unify the economies of the north, south, and west. Created a 2bank of the US. Created a tariff and limited importation of British goods. Created a national system of roads and canals.
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
*warned European nations that USA would protect the western hemisphere and would not interfere in Europe.
How and why did voter turnout change by the 1830s?
*more men were able to vote because of removal of restrictions on property and tax
Who was the “common man” president?
*Andrew Jackson
What were Andrew Jackson’s political beliefs going into his time as president?
*He thought the president should have more power and gave the spoils system
What political party did Andrew Jackson create?
*democratic
What were 2 key events of the presidency of Andrew Jackson?
- Indian removal act
* nullification crisis
Define temperance
*a reform ran by women to stop the drinking in America
Define Abolitionism
*a reform to get rid of slavery
What does Manifest Destiny mean?
*expanding the USA from coast to coast
What caused the Mexican-American War?
*boarder dispute between Mexico and Texas
The new territory gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War that included New Mexico, California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming was collectively known as the
*Mexican cession
Which sectional compromise created the 36°30’ line that outlawed slavery in northern territories in the West?
*Missouri compromise
Which compromise created the Fugitive Slave Law?
*compromise of 1850
The Kansas-Nebraska Act created popular sovereignty which enraged northern abolitionists. What is popular sovereignty?
*to vote for who you want
What is the difference between “free-soilers” and “abolitionists”?
*free soil party only wanted to stop the spread of slavery from spreading west while abolitionists wanted slavery to end
What act was ruled unconstitutional in the Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Supreme Court case?
*congress did not have the power to stop slavery in the western territories ending the Missouri compromise
Who is John Brown?
*a abolitionist who led an unsuccessful raid to seize to control of a federal armory and slave uprising
How did John Brown influence sectionalism in America?
*he made the southerners think that the northerners would use violence to end slavery
What was Lincoln’s war goal when the Civil War began?
*reunite the union
How did Lincoln’s war goal change over the course of the war?
*adding the end of slavery
Put the following Civil War events in the correct chronological order:
(a) Fort Sumter, (b) Lincoln’s election as president in 1860, (c) secession of South Carolina, and (d) the Civil War begins
- President Lincoln’s election 1860
- secession of south carolina
- fort sumter
- civil war begins
What were two advantages of the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War
*railroad system and increased population
Name this document: “…all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”?
*Emancipation Proclamation
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?
*last time the Confederates attacked northern soil. North began to win war
Define “Reconstruction”
*to re-build
List two goals of the Union during Reconstruction
- focus on education and build schools
* bring new economic changes to south like textile mills
Describe the 13th amendment
*end slavery
Describe the 14th amendment
*guaranteed all citizens equal protection under law
Describe the 15th amendment
*voting rights to black males
Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached? How did his actions change following his impeachment?
- he violated the Tenure of Office Act when he tried to fire his secretary of war.
- he enforced reconstruction for the rest of his term
Describe the Compromise of 1877
*when neither presidential candidate won the electoral vote, it went to congress. The republican candidate, Hayes, promised to end remove troops from the south to get the democrats to vote for him.
How did it(compromise of 1877) impact Reconstruction?
*it ended reconstruction
