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BDS3 BAMS > Milestones and Immunisations > Flashcards

Milestones and Immunisations Flashcards

1
Q

What is Child health surveillance?

A
  • Important part of community
  • Involves childhood screening
  • Immunisations
  • Delivers universal health promoting activities like childsmile
  • Early interventions to address needs
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2
Q

When is Screening of a child done?

A

Previously done;
- 6-8weeks
- 8 months
- 2 years
- 3-4years

Now more targeted and opportunistic approach for child that needs more or less etc

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3
Q

What is involved in the screening process of a child?

A
  • Check milestones
  • Check vaccinations
  • Deliver health promotion and health and safety
  • Target supervision and interventions for risk groups
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4
Q

How is school used as a screening tool for a child?

A
  • Personal social and emotional development tracked
  • Physical development
  • Communication skills including hearing and vision assessment (hearing aid or glasses provided before its lost completely perhaps)
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5
Q

What is important reminder for parents in regard to development milestones?

A
  • Each child develops at own pace
  • Don’t worry if child not hitting developmental milestone
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6
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 1 month old?

A
  • Raise head from surface when lying on tummy
  • Pays attention to someone’s face in their direct line of vision
  • Moves arm and legs in energetic pattern
  • Likes to be held and rocked
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7
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 2 months?

A
  • Smiles and coos
  • Rolls part way to side when lying on back
  • Grunts and sighs
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8
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 3 months?

A
  • Eyes follow moving object
  • Able to hold head erect
  • Grasps objects when placed in hand
  • Babbles
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9
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 4 months?

A
  • Hold rattle for extended period of time
  • Laugh out loud
  • Can sit supported for short periods of time
  • Recognise bottle and familiar faces
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10
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 5 months?

A
  • Reach for and hold objects
  • Stands firmly when held
  • Stretches out arms to be picked up
  • Likes to play peek-a-boo
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11
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 6 months?

A
  • Turns over from back to stomach
  • Turn towards sound
  • Sits with little support
  • Reach out for things out of reach and grasp objects to bring to mouth
  • Listen to own voice
  • Crows and squeals
  • Holds, sucks, bites cookie or anything and begin chewing
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12
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 7 months?

A
  • Transfer object from one hand to other
  • Sit for few mins without support
  • Pats and smiles at image in mirror
  • Creeps (pulling body with arms and kicking with legs)
  • Shy at first with strangers
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13
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 8 months?

A
  • Sit steadily for about 5 mins
  • Crawls on hands and knees
  • Grasps things with thumb and first two fingers
  • Likes to be near parent
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14
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 9 months?

A
  • Says mama or dada
  • Responds to name
  • Can stand for short time
  • Able to hit two objects together on own
  • Copies sounds
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15
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 10 months?

A
  • Able to pull self up at side of crib or playpen
  • Can drink from cup when its held
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16
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 11 months?

A
  • Can walk holding onto furniture
  • Can find object placed under another object
  • Start to get to age where injuries occur to teeth and lip from landing or face planting ground or other objects
17
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 12 months?

A
  • Waves bye bye
  • Can walk with one hand held
  • Says two words besides mama or dada
  • Enjoys some solid foods
  • Finger feeds self
  • Likes to have audience
18
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 15 months?

A
  • Walks by self and stop creeping
  • Shows desires by pointing and gesturing
  • Scribbles on paper after shown
  • Begins using spoon
  • Cooperates with dressing (likes and dislikes)
19
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 18 months?

A
  • Can build tower with 3 blocks
  • Likes to climb and take things apart
  • Can say 6 words
  • Drinks from cup held in both hands
  • Likes to help parent
20
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 2 years?

A
  • Able to run
  • Walks up and down stairs using alternate feet
  • Says about 50 words
  • Sometimes uses 2 word sentences
  • Point to object in book
21
Q

What is the child expected to be able to do at 3 years?

A
  • Repeat 2 numbers in a row
  • Knows gender
  • Dresses self except buttoning
  • Copy a circle
  • Can follow commands on, under or behind
  • Knows most parts of body
  • Build tower of 9 blocks
22
Q

Why are childhood vaccinations important?

A
  • Prevent certain infectious diseases where risk of vaccination are lower than risks of disease
  • Reduce or eliminate infectious diseases from community by reducing number of susceptible vectors - Herd immunity
23
Q

What vaccinations are available for children?

A
  • Diptheria
  • Tetanus
  • HIB
  • Typhoid
  • Polio
  • HPV
  • Measles
  • Mumps
  • Rubella
  • Hep A
  • Hep B
  • Meningitis B and C
  • Varicella
  • Influenza
  • Covid-19
24
Q

What is a recent change regarding Polio vaccine?

A
  • Previously oral polio vaccine
  • Now inactivated polio vaccine
  • Less side effects
25
Q

What change occurred to the meningitis vaccines?

A
  • Haemophilus influenza B
  • Menincococcus B
  • Routinely given
26
Q

When is the vaccine BCG given?

A
  • Not routinely given in UK
  • Can be given shortly after birth if high risk (from country with tuberculosis or family member has tuberculosis)
27
Q

Is Hep B a routine vaccination in UK?

A
  • Not in UK
  • Normal in others and given 3 doses from 6 weeks of age
28
Q

Why will parents/carers refuse childhood immunisation?

A
  • Religious or philosophical grounds
  • Prevent a ‘painful assault’ on child
  • Benefits don’t outweigh risks
29
Q

What to do if parent refuses childhood immunisation?

A
  • Does refusal put the child at extreme personal risk and is this neglect
  • Does refusal put others at risk sufficient to warrant intervention on public health grounds
30
Q

At 8 weeks old what vaccinations should child have?

A
  • Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB and Hep B
  • PCV
  • MenB
  • Rotavirus
31
Q

At 12 weeks old what vaccinations should child have?

A
  • DTa/IPV/HiB/HepB
  • Rotavirus
32
Q

At 16 weeks what vaccination should child have?

A
  • DTa/IPV/HiB/HepB
  • PCV
  • MenB
33
Q

At 1 year old what vaccinations should child get?

A
  • HiB/MenC
  • PCV
  • MMR
  • MenB booster
  • If eligible live attenuated influenza vaccine
34
Q

At 3 years and 4 months what vaccinations should child have?

A
  • DTa/IPV
  • MMR (check first dose given)
35
Q

At age 13 what vaccinations should child get?

A
  • HPV (two doses 6-24 months apart)
36
Q

At age 14 what vaccinations should child get?

A
  • Td/IPV
  • MenACWY

BDS3 BAMS (15 decks)

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