Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of skin?
A
- Provides anatomical barrier
- Main method of heat regulation
- Sensory input from the body
- Storage for lipids and water
- Drug absorption and waste excretion
2
Q
What is the skins commensal flora?
A
- Staphylocci
- Candida
3
Q
What is the difference between oily skin and normal skin?
A
- More secretions from sebaceous glands
- More bacterial colonisation (500million in oily and 50 million in normal)
- More risk of pore blockage so spots and pimples
4
Q
What are blackheads?
A
- AKA comedones
- Build up of Keratin and sebum
- Block pores and oxidise to give black appearance
5
Q
What are some bacterial infections of skin?
A
- Furuncles and carbuncles
- Acne
- Erysipelas
- Impetigo
6
Q
What are furuncles and the organism associated with it?
A
- Infection of skin
- Pockets filled with pus
- Furuncles grouped together carbuncles
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Red painful and swollen
- Drain pus and antibiotics not always necessary
7
Q
What is Acne?
A
- Term for lesions arising from comedones/ papules/ pustules/ nodules and inflammatory cysts
8
Q
What are causes of Acne?
A
- Follicular sensitivity to testosterone
- Propionibacterium acnes overgrows and lead to infection and cysts which can scar
9
Q
What is Acne made worse by?
A
- Progestogen contraceptive pills
- Greasy skin cleansers
- Systemic steroid treatment
10
Q
What is the local management of Acne?
A
- Reduces excess skin oil with gentle soap cleaners
- Antibacterial agents like benzoyl peroxide and retinoids
11
Q
What is the systemic management of Acne?
A
- Antibiotics like minocyclin
- Retinoids like Isotretinoin
- Hormone manipulation like cyproterone
12
Q
What is erysipelas and organism associated with it?
A
- Infection of upper layer of skin and superficial lymphatics caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
13
Q
How do you manage Erysipelas?
A
- Systemic antibiotics
- Be careful it can progress to necrotising fasciitis or septic shock
14
Q
What is necrotising Fasciitis?
A
- Bacterial infection results in death of body’s soft tissues
- Blisters, skin discolouration and fever
15
Q
What is Impetigo and organism associated with it?
A
- Highly infectious skin disease
- Staphylococcal or Streptococcal
- Treated with topical antibiotics
16
Q
What are some viral skin infections?
A
- Herpes simplex
- Shingles
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Warts
17
Q
What do herpes simplex infections affect?
A
- Affect single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes
- Activated by trauma i.e. Physical, chemical, UV light or run down
- Treat with Aciclovir
18
Q
What do Herpes zoster affect and how to treat?
A
- Affects single dermatome
- Causes significant pain from neural inflammation from virus in nerve
- Pain may persists as pt has post herpetic neuralgia
- Treat with high dose aciclovir
19
Q
What is Molluscum contagiosum caused by?
A
- MCV - pox virus
- It is clusters of small papules and not usually infants and children with atopic eczema
20
Q
What are warts caused by?
A
- HPV
- Contact spread
21
Q
How to treat Warts?
A
- Keratolysis
- Cryosurgery
- Excision
22
Q
What are some fungal skin infections?
A
- Athletes foot (tinea pedis)
- Nail infections (onycholysis)
- Ringworm
- Intertrigo
- Pityriasis versicolor
23
Q
How to treat Athletes foot?
A
- Prevent by keeping skin clean dry and damage free
- Antifungal/antibacterial cream like miconazole
24
Q
What is ringworm called when it affects scalp?
A
- Tinea capitis
- Inflammation of scalp leading to hair loss
25
What is Intertrigo and how to treat?
- Fungal infections due to chafing in moist areas
- Under breasts
- Armpits
- Inner thighs
- Treat with miconazole
26
What is Pityriasis versicolor and how to treat?
- Patchy skin pigmentation of pale red or brownish
- Caused by pityrosporum orbiculare
- Treat with topical ketoconazole or systemic itraconazole
27
What are some skin infestations?
- Scabies
- Lice
28
What is scabies?
- Infection with sarcoptes scabei from contact with infected person
- Burrows appear on skin
- Itching and rash and can persist after infestation gone
29
What is the treatment of Scabies?
- Scabicides
- Benzyl benzoate
- Apply to whole body and treat all close contacts
30
What is Lice treatment?
- Personal and clothing hygiene
- Chemical insecticides like Permethrin
31
What are some inflammatory skin disease?
- Eczema
- Occupational dermatitis
- Psoriasis
32
What is Eczema?
- Inflammation of flexor surfaces of skin or trunk
- Becomes itchy, dry, flaky and occasionally weeps
- Atopic and contact types
33
What is the management of eczema?
- Cotton clothing
- Emollients
- Corticosteroids
- Soap substitutes
34
How do emollients help eczema?
- Oily and prevents dryings of irritated skin
- After after bathing to trap moisture
35
How do corticosteroids help eczema?
- Remove inflammation and allow skin to return to normal
36
What is occupational (contact) dermatitis?
- Reaction to environmental agent
- Usually results in rash
- Intense itch
- Treatment to remove source
37
What is Psoriasis?
- Inflammation of skin
- Dysregulated epidermal proliferation
- New cells produced faster than old cells lost
- Skin surface builds up and thickens
38
What is the treatment of Psoriasis?
- Emollients
- Topical steroids
- Drugs to reduce cell turnover like methotrexate
39
What are some blistering conditions?
- Pemphigoid
- Pemphigus
- Epidermolysis bullosa
40
What are some connect tissue disease?
- Scleroderma
- Dermatomyositis
- Raynauds
41
How do blisters form on skin?
- Auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell-cell adhesion
- Split forms in skin
- fills with inflammatory exudate and forms vesicle/blister
42
What is Pemphigoid?
- SUB epithelial antibody attack
- Thick walled blisters
- Clear or blood filled
43
Where do we see Pemphigus vulgaris?
- Usually oral lesions before skin
- Affects mucosa and skin
44
What is Epidermolysis bullosa?
- Group of inherited connective tissue diseases that cause blisters in skin and mucosal membranes
45
What are some problems with epidermolysis bullosa?
- Infection
- Fluid loss
- Scarring
