Miguel Kanai Sources Flashcards
What is “The Global Problem”?
the apparently natural connection between the scale of the problem and the scale at which a solution should be sought masks the complex process through which climate change has come to be known as a global problem
What is the source of “The Global Problem”?
Bulkeley, 2013
what did the Kyoto Protocol (1997) do?
pledge to keep GHGs to 95% of 1990 levels by 2012
what was the Paris Agreement?
a legally binding international treaty on climate change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
aims to keep temperatures 2 degrees C above pre-industrial times
quote about vulnerability and climate hazards
“the vulnerability of the urban poor is not only dependent on their exposure to climate-related hazards but also on the structural conditions that reproduce poverty such as economic inequality, lack of political representation, insufficient access to services, and diminished life opportunities
source for vulnerability and climate hazards
Castán Broto, 2017
in COP21 (2015) they…
agreed on Nationally Determined Contributions
identified by the WHO…
extreme heat is the highest cause for mortality amongsts extreme climate events
definition of resilience
the ability of a system/ community exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, adapt, and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely manner
source for definition of resilience
UN office for DRR
define natural disasters as tipping points
the discomfort felt by the humanitarian community regarding the political or developmental reading of DRR has moved disaster analysis away from politics and towards the economic, social, and physical impacts of disasters
source for natural disaster as tipping points
Pelling and Dill, 2010
wetlands as kidneys
wetlands can filter up to 60% of heavy metals in water
trap and hold up to 90% of sediment from runoff
absorbs 90% of the nitrogen and phosphorus that cause eutrophication
wetlands as sponges
can store up to 1.5 million gallons of flood water in an acre
wetlands as BD hotspots
the mix of terrestrial and aquatic makes them extremely diverse, a ‘pit stop’
wetlands as sinks
Can store up to one third of the world’s total carbon
wetlands as suppliers
nearly 400 million people depend on wetlands for food, fuel, fiber, medicine, flood protection
source for wetlands
Brill, 2023
what are NBS?
they use vegetation and greenery as a means of infrastructural and urban design problems (risk of greenwashing)
what can NBS help with?
NBS can help foster sustainable urban development while meeting climate adaptation and mitigation goals
They can improve resilience, liveability, reduce temperature, filter water, and clean air
they can also help with CC adaptation, BD protection, enhance wellbeing, and reduce GHGs
what is the source for NBS?
Seddon, 2022
what is green infrastructure?
“A strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services, while also enhancing biodiversity.”
what is the source for green infrastructure
Hewitt & Ashworth, 2020
what is the first level of NBS
better use of naturally protected ecosystems
what is the second level of NBS
NBSs for sustainability and multifunctionality of managed ecosystems
what is the third level of NBS
design management for new ecosystems
AQ management: Reduce
banning pollutants or certain vehicles and ordering factories to close (Beijing in 2008)
AQ management: Extend
extending the distance between the pollutants and people (Barcelona, Spain)
AQ management: Protect
green fences and barriers (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Kanai, 2022
