Migration & Sovereignty

Question 1

Explain one way physical landscape features influence the position of borders (4)

Answer 1

Mountain ranges/ rivers/ oceans determine borders.
As these determine trade routes/ transport etc.
e.g during colonial rule Africa was split up into countries by physical geography, causing political and cultural issues.
(Rwanda, Hutsi/ Tutsi groups)

Question 2

Explain why the pattern of international migration is changing (8)

Answer 2

Globalisation has meant deeper connections between nations- Trade blocs- EU
2004- Eastern European countries joined EU, UK govt predicted increase of 15,000 but by 2006, 447,000 had applied to move to the UK.

Increased levels of education mean more young people are likely to migrate for better further education/ work opportunities in tertiary/quaternary sector in developed countries.

Question 3

Evaluate the reasons why nationalism remains a powerful force today (20)

Answer 3

Government policy- anti immigration sentiment. e.g Rwanda policy UK, Hukou system

Collective memory of a nation/ historical- Britain’s colonial legacy, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, China’s rapid industrialisation

Increased migration leading to pressures on services + xenophobia
Mexico/US border, Trump’s wall

Answer 4

Less than 2%