Migration, Identity and Sovereignty

Question 1

what does it mean to emigrate

Answer 1

to move away from a nation

Question 2

what does it mean to immigrate

Answer 2

to move to a nation

Question 3

what is sovereignty

Answer 3

the authority of a state to govern itself or another state

Question 4

what factors are associated with identity

Answer 4

geography, history, values, beliefs, appearance, ethnicity, family, friends, creations, possessions

Question 5

what is apartheid

Answer 5

sanctioning racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against a group of people

Question 6

what is an enclave

Answer 6

areas of close geographic proximity that is made up of a majority minority population

Question 7

what is an expatriate

Answer 7

someone who resides outside their country of citizenship

Question 8

what is nationalism

Answer 8

identification with ones own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations

Question 9

what is the Schengen Agreement

Answer 9

the treaty that led to Europe’s exchange area, there internal border checks have largely been abandoned

Question 10

what are unilateral actions

Answer 10

any doctrine or agenda that supports one sided action

Question 11

what are bilateral actions

Answer 11

the conduct of politcal, cultural or economic relations between two sovereign states

Question 12

what are multilateral actions

Answer 12

an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal

Question 13

what is a nation

Answer 13

a large type of social organisation where a collective identity has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population

Question 14

what is a nation state

Answer 14

a political unit where the ruling state, a centralized political organisation ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity

Question 15

why do nations make migrants complete assimilation tests (citizenship tests)

Answer 15

to show their nations culture and understand the differences

Question 16

what factors influence assimilation

Answer 16

1. family relationships (intermarriage)
2. education (age of start)
3. employment
4. housing (location, quality)
5. language
6. wealth (amount, usability)

Question 17

why do nation states vary in their ethnic, cultural and linguistic unity

Answer 17

1. historic events
2. geographic location (proximity to nations)
3. climate
4. trade and industry
   5.political control

Question 18

how has location influenced the development of nation states

Answer 18

isolated nations means that migration could be limited which would lead to a mono-cultural population

Question 19

how have conflicts influenced the development of nation states

Answer 19

borders are created and modified due to a motivation of resources, territory, religion and politics

Question 19

how has colonialism influenced the development of nation states

Answer 19

nation states were created due to imperial powers

Question 20

how have religion and cultural identity influenced the development of nation states

Answer 20

could unify a population around a particular region

Question 21

how have monarchies and political organisations influenced the development of nation states

Answer 21

can unify a region

Question 22

what is the Washington Consensus

Answer 22

a set of free market economic policies supported by prominent financial institutions (IMF, WB, US Treasury)

Question 23

why has the Washington Consensus been adopted

Answer 23

it was believed to increase trade and help all involved to develop and generate wealth

Question 24

what is a failed state

Answer 24

a nation whose government has lost political control and is unable to fulfil the basic responsibilities of a sovereign state, with severe adverse effects for some or all of its population

Question 25

what are Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)

Answer 25

financial adjustments by the IMF so nation’s loans were more affordable

Question 26

what were SAP nations told to do

Answer 26

‘earn more and spend less’ (export more to earn more and reduce government spending)

Question 27

what conditions do SAP nations have to accept

Answer 27

1. open up domestic markets
2. reduce the governments role (privatisation)
3. remove restrictions on capital (no limits on FDI)
4. reduce government spending
5. devalue the currency (makes exports cheaper)

Question 28

what do critics say about SAPs

Answer 28

due to the conditions, nations have sacrificed their economic sovereignty and became transnationalised

Question 29

What is the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC)

Answer 29

an initiative that aimed to reduce national debts by partially writing them off in exchange for accepting SAPs

Question 30

what is globalism

Answer 30

a way of living wherein a person identifies strongly with global-scale issues, values and culture rather than or in addition to narrower place-based identity

Question 31

what is cultural cohesion

Answer 31

the capacity of different national and ethnic groups to make mutual commitments to live together as citizens of the same state

Question 32

how can social media challenge authoritarian governments

Answer 32

allows easy communication and the sharing of ideas and beliefs

Question 33

what is media plurality

Answer 33

the ownership of several forms of media by the same company