Migration, Identity and Sovereignty Flashcards
what does it mean to emigrate
to move away from a nation
what does it mean to immigrate
to move to a nation
what is sovereignty
the authority of a state to govern itself or another state
what factors are associated with identity
geography, history, values, beliefs, appearance, ethnicity, family, friends, creations, possessions
what is apartheid
sanctioning racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against a group of people
what is an enclave
areas of close geographic proximity that is made up of a majority minority population
what is an expatriate
someone who resides outside their country of citizenship
what is nationalism
identification with ones own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations
what is the Schengen Agreement
the treaty that led to Europe’s exchange area, there internal border checks have largely been abandoned
what are unilateral actions
any doctrine or agenda that supports one sided action
what are bilateral actions
the conduct of politcal, cultural or economic relations between two sovereign states
what are multilateral actions
an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal
what is a nation
a large type of social organisation where a collective identity has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population
what is a nation state
a political unit where the ruling state, a centralized political organisation ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity
why do nations make migrants complete assimilation tests (citizenship tests)
to show their nations culture and understand the differences
what factors influence assimilation
- family relationships (intermarriage)
- education (age of start)
- employment
- housing (location, quality)
- language
- wealth (amount, usability)
why do nation states vary in their ethnic, cultural and linguistic unity
- historic events
- geographic location (proximity to nations)
- climate
- trade and industry
5.political control
how has location influenced the development of nation states
isolated nations means that migration could be limited which would lead to a mono-cultural population
how have conflicts influenced the development of nation states
borders are created and modified due to a motivation of resources, territory, religion and politics
how has colonialism influenced the development of nation states
nation states were created due to imperial powers
how have religion and cultural identity influenced the development of nation states
could unify a population around a particular region
how have monarchies and political organisations influenced the development of nation states
can unify a region
what is the Washington Consensus
a set of free market economic policies supported by prominent financial institutions (IMF, WB, US Treasury)
why has the Washington Consensus been adopted
it was believed to increase trade and help all involved to develop and generate wealth
what is a failed state
a nation whose government has lost political control and is unable to fulfil the basic responsibilities of a sovereign state, with severe adverse effects for some or all of its population
what are Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)
financial adjustments by the IMF so nation’s loans were more affordable
what were SAP nations told to do
‘earn more and spend less’ (export more to earn more and reduce government spending)
what conditions do SAP nations have to accept
- open up domestic markets
- reduce the governments role (privatisation)
- remove restrictions on capital (no limits on FDI)
- reduce government spending
- devalue the currency (makes exports cheaper)
what do critics say about SAPs
due to the conditions, nations have sacrificed their economic sovereignty and became transnationalised
What is the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC)
an initiative that aimed to reduce national debts by partially writing them off in exchange for accepting SAPs
what is globalism
a way of living wherein a person identifies strongly with global-scale issues, values and culture rather than or in addition to narrower place-based identity
what is cultural cohesion
the capacity of different national and ethnic groups to make mutual commitments to live together as citizens of the same state
how can social media challenge authoritarian governments
allows easy communication and the sharing of ideas and beliefs
what is media plurality
the ownership of several forms of media by the same company
