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Higher History > Migration and Empire > Flashcards

Migration and Empire Flashcards

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1
Q

how did the landowners plan to make more money?

A
  • Get rid of tenants
  • Put sheep on the land
  • Put cattle on the land
  • Put deer on the land
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2
Q

What were the crofts like?

A
  • Small
  • Shared with animals
  • No chimney
  • Dirt floors
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3
Q

How did land owners remove people from their land?

A
  • Threat of eviction
  • Assisted emigration (they would pay for the travel)
  • Burning the crofts they lived in.
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4
Q

Where did people emigrate to?

A
  • Canada
  • India
  • New Zealand
  • Australia
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5
Q

Why did some find Canada attractive?

A
  • Fur trade industry
  • Same jobs but better pay
  • Promise of land for farming
  • Better living conditions
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6
Q

How did Scots have an influence on Canada?

A
  • United the nation
  • Improved farming
  • Railway link
  • Strong relationship with the Inuit people, intermarriage and children called the Metis people
  • Set up Universities
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7
Q

How many Scots first settled in New Zealand and when?

A

150 in 1939

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8
Q

Between 1848 and 1860 how many immigrants to the area of Otago were Scottish born?

A

80% were Scots born

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9
Q

What are some of the businesses set up in New Zealand by Scots?

A
  • John Ross and Robert Glendinning created a drapery and clothing manufacture business
  • Peter and David Duncan set up an Agricultural Implements business
  • Henry Niccol set up a shipyard in Auckland
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10
Q

How many Scots initially left for Australia and when?

A

In the early 1950s around 90,000 left for Australia

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11
Q

Why did so many leave for Australia?

A

They were prompted by the discovery of gold in the region.

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12
Q

In what ways did Scots have a positive impact on Australia? (Agriculture)

A
  • John macarther introduced the Merino sheep to Australia
  • Neil black company, run by 3 scots who managed 44,000 acres of land
  • Clyde company, founded in 1836 to make loans for the development of pastoral agriculture
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13
Q

In what ways did Scots have a positive impact on Australia? (Culture education religion and literature)

A
  • Melbourne academy opened in Melbourne in 1851, Alexander Morrison was headteacher between 1857 and 1903
  • John Dunmore Lang founded many schools in the Sydney area and many of the boys went on to hold influential positions in Australia
  • Some intermarriage with the Aborigines and support for their rights
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14
Q

In what ways did Scots have a negative impact on Australia?

A
  • Some Scots were heavily involved in removing the Aborigines from their land to clear space for sheep farming. There were several massacres of the native people over disputes and alleged murders due to the aborigines feeling mistreated
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15
Q

How did Scots positively impact New Zealand?

A
  • Many business were created in line with the rise of shipping frozen meat and dairy exports
  • NZ was attractive for farmers as there was lots of opportunity for owning large amounts of land
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16
Q

How did Scots negatively impact New Zealand?

A
  • Relations with the Maori or the indigenous people of NZ were mixed
  • Some Scots were involved in buying native land for Muskets which greatly impacted the people
  • Many Maori lost their lives due to the foreign diseases brought by the Scots
  • Eventually conflict arose in 1872 due to some Scots settling on land that had not been agreed to be sold and the removal of trees which impacted the Maori lifestyle.
17
Q

Why was India an attractive place for Scots?

A
  • Employment opportunities
  • Financial opportunity
18
Q

How did Scots positively impact India?

A
  • Growing merchant business
  • Some Scots had an influential role in Indian politics
  • The Penal code was introduced by Scots
  • James Andrew Broun-Ramsay became Governor-General of India and initiated a movement to build roads, canals and railways. He also brought in cheap postage and introduced the telegraph
  • James also banned the practices of Suttee and Thuggee.
  • Charles James Napier created the police force after conquering Pakistan which was known as Sindh
  • Alexander Duff adopted a western curriculum in his teaching which included, religion, science, history and political economy in English
19
Q

Why did many Irish come to Scotland?

A
  • Protestant Irish were found in higher skilled jobs and the Catholic Irish were found in lesser skilled jobs, both would usually stay until the work was done and then go back to Ireland
  • However many Irish settled and took up permanent residence in jobs
  • Many Protestant Irish were directly recruited for work in Scotland
20
Q

How were the Protestant Irish treated differently to the Catholic Irish?

A
  • Protestant Irish held higher skilled jobs
  • Catholic Irish occupied lesser skilled jobs
  • Protestants were more widely accepted into society and generally treated better
21
Q

When were Jews starting to become present in Scottish cities?

A
  • Jews in Edinburgh in 1816
  • Jews in Glasgow in 1823
  • Jews in Dundee by the 1870s
  • Jews in Aberdeen by 1893
  • Larger amounts started arriving between 1880 and 1914
22
Q

Where were these Jews coming from?

A
  • Latvia
  • Russia
  • Lithuania
  • Estonia
23
Q

Why were these Jews leaving their homes?

A
  • Due to the Pogroms in Russia which was persecution instigated by the government against a minority group
  • Many were poor and used the railways or steamships as means of travel to escape
  • By the 1930s many were leaving due to the rise of Hitler and his persecution
24
Q

How did Jews contribute to Scotland?

A
  • Set up businesses in things like: Travelling sales, Tailoring shops
  • Were equally as important in the cigarette industry
  • Hawking and peddling was also common for Jews
  • Later many Jews became involved in medicine during the great war
25
Q

How were Jews treated in Scotland?

A
  • Many Jews were just left alone because they weren’t seen as a threat. they got on with their life and contributed to the economy so there wasn’t much reason to dislike them or treat them differently
26
Q

When were the Italians arriving in Scotland?

A

In the late 1800s onwards

27
Q

How did the Italians contribute to Scotland?

A
  • The Italians initially started selling ice cream from barrows that they would walk around the streets looking to sell until they made their more permanent ice cream parlours
  • Many were peddlers who sold religious items door to door
  • They also sold fish and chips in take away restaurants
  • Barbers and hairdressers became common occupations and businesses that were set up for Italians
28
Q

How were the Italians treated?

A
  • The Church of Scotland didn’t like the fact that these ice cream shops were open on Sundays and that they were also open late into the evening
  • The Italians were also no real threat to the Scottish people and their jobs so they left them be
29
Q

When did Scotland start to receive Lithuanian immigrants?

A
  • vast amounts started flowing to Scotland in the 1890s but many had come previously
  • around 7000 total Lithuanians settled in Scotland
30
Q

Why did Lithuanians come to Scotland?

A
  • Employment opportunities in the iron and steel works industries
  • Coal mining companies
31
Q

What did the Lithuanians do?

A
  • They worked in the steal and iron works companies
  • worked in company owned mines digging for coal
32
Q

How were the Lithuanians treated?

A
  • Initially they were treated with suspicion by the local mining people and community
  • Eventually they became part of the unions and fought for better pay and working conditions as they were being undercut
33
Q

Why were so many forced to leave the highlands?

A
  • There was a potato famine, not enough crop to feed everyone
  • Landowners needed to make money and they could make more by having sheep and livestock or big game on their land to farm or let the rich people shoot and kill
  • Many employment opportunities were much better down in the central belt and major cities so families could make more money and have a better life

Higher History (3 decks)

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