Hitler and the Nazis Flashcards
1
Q
When did Hitler become chancellor?
A
30th January 1933
2
Q
Reichstag fire
A
27th Feb 1933
Marinus Van Der Lubbe blamed
he was a communist
3
Q
Trade unions
A
- May 1933 Banning of TUs “Devisive organisations, setting Germans against Germans”
- Outspoken TU leaders silenced or sent to the camps
- Nazi labour front set up with Robert Leys in charge
- strikes outlawed and fixed wage levels introduced
4
Q
Political Parties
A
- Communists already illegal
- Catholic centre party ended
- Social democrats ended June 1933
- July 14th 1933 Nazis were the only legal party
5
Q
States
A
- April 1933 Reich governors appointed to each state
- Reich governors were legal Nazis who took orders from above
- Individual states no longer had a political voice
6
Q
Courts
A
- Anti Nazi and Jewish judges sacked
- Treason dealt with by the Nazis
- Arrest and punishment for “Acts hostile to national community” even if law not broken
7
Q
Churches
A
- Catholic church - Youth organisation closed, priests arrested, schools taken over etc.
- Protestant became the new Reich church
8
Q
Education
A
- Jewish and Anti-Nazis sacked
- Teachers had to join Nazi teachers league
- Curriculum changed
9
Q
Night of the long knives
A
- 30th June 1934
- Rohm wanted to merge the army and the SA under his control
- SA expected rewards but got grumbling embarrassing displays in the streets
- 3 million members by 1934
- 400 shot by the SS
- Gained an oath of loyalty from the army
10
Q
Fuhrer
A
- August 1934 President Hindenburg died
- Merged the offices of chancellor and president
- Hitler announced himself Fuhrer
- This signalled the end of the Weimar Republic
11
Q
SS - Schutzstaffen
A
- Leader was Heinrich Himmler
- Created in 1925
- Main function was as a bodyguard to Hitler and other Nazi elite
- Methods included: torture, interrogation and murder
- Membership was at 50,000 by 1934
- Branches were the Death head units which ran the concentration camps and the Waffen SS which fought in the war
12
Q
Education
A
- Bernhard Rust (once unemployed teacher) was put in charge.
- Nazi Teacher’s league (instill nazi beliefs at a young age)
- Curriculum radically altered to bring in Nazi beliefs
- Rassekunde (racial studeis) to prove Aryan superiority
- Napolas - special military schools = Waffen SS
- Ordensburgen - political training for future Nazi political leaders.
- Massive drop in academic standards as focus on indoctrination not thought
13
Q
Youth movements
A
- It was decreed in March 1939 that all young people between the ages of 6 and 19 were to be members to educate physically, intellectually and morally the spirit of National Socialism.
- Pimpfen (cubs) - boys age 6-10
- Deutsches jungvolk (young german boys) age 10-14
- Hitlerjugend (Hitler youth) age 14-18
- Yung Madel (young girls) age 10-14
- Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German Girls) age 14-18
- Glaube and Schoonheit (Faith and Beauty) age 18-21
14
Q
Aims of the Youth Groups
A
- Be obedient
- Idolise the Fuhrer
- Be physically fit
- Sacrifice self for the national good
- Do everything possible to strengthen the health and racial purity of the German nation
15
Q
The Edelweiss Pirates
A
- Loose collection of sub groups
- Mainly boys aged 14-17 and a few girls
- Membership mainly from working classes
- Earliest record of group 1934 - est. membership 2000 by 1939
- Partly rebellious youths trying to escape Nazi indoctrination
- Weekend camps, singing songs, hikes etc
- Some had links with the KPD which was the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Communist Party of Germany)
- Warnings issued and some arrests and raids
- in 1944 Leaders were hanged
