Migration and Empire

Question 1

The British Empire

Answer 1

• Britain had an advantage because of their naval power
• Having an Empire helped military strength
• In 1922 around 458 million people lived in it
• Britain became very rich from the empire

Question 2

Scotland and the British Empire

Answer 2

• Jobs; Factories and shipyards opened and created jobs.
• Business; Many business were created from the Empire like Camperdown works
• Immigration; Scotland attracted immigrants from other countries
• Emigration; Many Scot’s travelled to work in other places of the empire like Canada, Australia and India
• Military; Lot’s of Scot’s joined the military to help the Empire and were positioned around the world.

Question 3

Industrial Revolution

Answer 3

• Jobs; growth of huge factories and steam trains
• People; The population doubled and most people moved in towards the cities rather than rural areas.
• Other; Disease was common due to overcrowding from people moving inwards.

Question 4

Where did the Scots Go?

Answer 4

• Countries part of the Empire like, Canada, Australia, India and England
• Disease on board ships was very common, like typhus
• Food was of very bad quality on ships

Question 5

Why did the Scots go?

Answer 5

• Many Scot’s were poor and unemployed or had very low wages.
• Growth of factories meant skilled workers were no longer needed.
• Before the NHS many poor people could not afford basic health care
• Many Scot’s had poor diets which led to illness
• Poor housing and overcrowding
• Overseas Scot’s wrote letters encouraging family to do the same.

Question 6

Problems in the Highlands

Answer 6

• Soil and climate was very rough which meant there was only a short time for crop production.
• The potato blight caused people to come close to starvation.
• The massive herring fishing industry lost lots of jobs when the demand for it decreased
• Poverty, poor diets led to poor health. Housing was also a problem.

Question 7

Highland Clearances

Answer 7

• Crofter’s were evicted from their homes so land lords could use the land for sheep farming
• People who refused to move would be forcibly removed from their homes and homes would be burnt down.
• Some landlords payed people to move from their homes.

Question 8

Impact of the Scot’s abroad

Answer 8

• Had a reputation of being good workers so they were often employed
• They had prior skills in well paying jobs like lawyers, doctors and teachers
• Named places of the old country
• Continued traditions like burns supper and bagpipes
• Scot’s wrote letters to keep in contact with family

Question 9

Emigrant Scot’s

Answer 9

• Canada; Church of Scotland, McGill University
• The USA; Andrew Carnegie sold his steel business which made him the richest man in the world. Scot’s set up churches
• Australia; Andrew Fisher became Prime Minister. Schools and Churches
• New Zealand; Otago University. Peter Fraser became PM
• India; Ran India’s government. Soldier’s stationed in India.

Question 10

Famous Scot’s

Answer 10

• Andrew Carnegie, worlds richest man
• Elizabeth Arden had a Scottish father
• Andrew Fisher became PM in Australia
• Juliette Gordon Law granddaughter of Scot set up girl scouts of America

Question 11

Problems in Ireland

Answer 11

• No opportunities; Catholic children were not allowed to be educated. Catholic’s could not buy any land which meant they were unable to get wealthy
• Protestant Landlords; They would increase Catholic rent prices at short notice and would be unforgiving.
• Poverty; Poor diets led to poor health. Landlords did not want to update 100yr old cottages.
• The potato famine; lot’s of people died of starvation. No income since there were no crops which led to extreme poverty.

Question 12

Why the Irish moved to Scotland

Answer 12

• Distance; close enough to go home if needed
• Better wages; up to 6x higher than Ireland
• More jobs; Industrial revolution need more workers.
• Family and Friends; they wrote letters to encourage them to move to Scotland

Question 13

Irish living and working conditions

Answer 13

• Lot’s of Irish were poorly educated which meant poor wages.
• Irish people got the worst housing accommodations in Scotland.
• 41% of Irish families lived in over-crowded homes
• Disease was common due to poor housing and sanitation and poor diet.
• Some Scot’s believed the Irish had poor morals and were violent.

Question 14

Scottish - Irish relations

Answer 14

• Scot’s believed the Irish would take their jobs
• Scot’s believed more jobs would lower wages
• Against Catholicism
• Some Scot’s thought they would be good workers
• Scottish churches ran schools and social events for Catholic Irish
• The church helped Irish get food, jobs and housing