Migration Analysis

Question 1

permanent change of residence that requires crossing an administrative boundary from place of origin to place of destination

Answer 1

Migration

Question 2

the ratio of migrants to the total mid-year population during a given period expressed per

Answer 2

1,000 population

Question 3

Rate of migration (assumed) = Population growth rate of municipality/city/province – national population growth rate

Answer 3

Migration Rate

Question 4

Most migrants travel sort distance and with increasing distance the number of migrants decrease. This law is based on the assumption that the higher travel cost and lack of knowledge of more distant places acts against large volumes of migration

Answer 4

Ravenstein’S Law of Migration (1834)

Question 5

occurs in stages and with a wave-like motion. Base on his observations the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries that migration occurred in steps with people gradually moving up the settlement hierarchy-from rural areas to villages, to towns, to cities, and finally the capital city.

Answer 5

Migration

Question 6

Most migration are_______. Families rarely migrate out of their country of birth.

Answer 6

adult

Question 7

are more migratory than men within their country of birth but men more frequently venture beyond it.

Answer 7

Women

Question 8

are likely to move than their rural counterparts

Answer 8

Urban dwellers

Question 9

Migration proceeds in response to urban-rural differences is expected rather than actual earnings

Answer 9

Todaro’s migration model (1960’s) – economic theory

Question 10

Migrants as decision-makers consider the various labour market opportunities available to them as between, the rual and urban sectors, and choose the one which maximixes their ____________ gain from migration.

Answer 10

“expected”

Question 11

(a) the difference in real incomes between rural and urban job opportunities
(b) probability of a new migrant obtaining an urban job

Answer 11

Expected gains

Question 12

Moving to a new home within a state, country, or continent.

Answer 12

Internal Migration

Question 13

Moving to a new home in a different state, country, or continent

Answer 13

External Migration

Question 14

Leaving one country to move to another (e.g., the Pilgrims emigrated from England).

Answer 14

Emigration

Question 15

Moving into a new country (e.g., the Pilgrims immigrated to America).

Answer 15

Immigration

Question 16

When a government forces a large group of people out of a region, usually based on ethnicity or religion; also known as an involuntary or forced migration.

Answer 16

Population Transfer

Question 17

Individuals are not forced out of their country, but leave because of unfavorable situations such as warfare, political problems, or religious persecution.

Answer 17

Impelled Migration (also called “reluctant” or “imposed” migration)

Question 18

A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person’s place of origin to final destination—such as moving from a farm, to a village, to a town, and finally to a city.

Answer 18

Step Migration

Question 19

A series of migrations within a family or defined group of people; which often begins with one family member who sends money to bring other family members to the new location. Chain migration results in migration fields—the clustering of people from a specific region into certain neighborhoods or small towns.

Answer 19

Chain Migration

Question 20

The voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin; also known as circular migration.

Answer 20

Return Migration

Question 21

The process of moving for a period of time in response to labor or climate conditions (e.g., farm workers following crop harvests or working in cities off-season; “snowbirds” moving to the southern and southwestern United States during winter).

Answer 21

Seasonal Migration

Question 22

Migration is__________, i.e. migrants are not random samples of the population at the origin.

Answer 22

selective

Question 23

Migrants responding primarily to plus factors at destination tend to be__________, i.e. they are of a higher “quality’ (more educated, healthier, more ambitious, etc.) than the origin population at large.

Answer 23

“positively” selected

Question 24

Migrants responding primarily to minus factors at origin tend to be

Answer 24

“negatively” selected

Question 25

The degrees of “positive” selection increases with the difficulty of the

Answer 25

intervening variables

Question 26

People move for a________They consider the advantages and disadvantages of staying versus moving, as well as factors such as distance, travel costs, travel time, modes of transportation, terrain, and cultural barriers.

Answer 26

variety of reasons.

Question 27

Reasons for emigrating (leaving a place) because of a difficulty (such as a
food shortage, war, flood, etc.).

Answer 27

Push Factors

Question 28

Reasons for immigrating (moving into a place) because of something desirable (such as a nicer climate, better food supply, freedom, etc.).

Answer 28

Pull Factors:

Question 29

Several types of push and pull factors may influence people in their movements (sometimes at the same time), including:

Answer 29

1. Environmental (e.g., climate, natural disasters)
2. Political (e.g., war)
3. Economic (e.g., work)
4. Cultural (e.g., religious freedom, education)