Migration

Question 1

Inter Reigonal Flows

Answer 1

Migration across the Med into the EU
Syrian refugees make up 28% of the flow
Over 1 million arrivals in 2015#
5,095 deaths in 2016

Question 2

Intra Reigonal flows

Answer 2

Migration within the EU
Schengen agree,emt allows free movement
New states join the EU in 2004 and 2008 such as Romania and lithuania increasing migration
GDP per capita UK $40,000 Estonia $18,000

Question 3

Loss of LIDC university investment

Answer 3

60bn lost as a result of ‘brain drain’ to more developed countries

Question 4

Causes of increased south-south flows

Answer 4

Increased industrialisation and development of countries south of the Brandt Line
Conflict, for example Syria to Turkey has led to a flow of 2.5 million people, Honduras has a murder rate of 90.4

Question 5

India to UAE South South Flow

Answer 5

3 million in ‘Bonded Labour’
Promised 300 dollars per month, get 140-160
45 people to two toilets

Question 6

Flow from Somalia to Kenya

Answer 6

Doduals migrant camp formed, largest in the world

Question 7

Conflict and persecution

Answer 7

Syria, 470,000 killed, 4.9 million flee, Turkey now hosting 2.5 million refugees

Question 8

Changing Migration Policies

Answer 8

China
Main source of immigration from overseas chinese, several million have returned since 1949
Industrialized coastline is attractive to migrants
1980’s ‘four modernisations policy’
Tightened in 2004 with a new ‘Entry Administration Law’
Use Houkou system to monitor migrants and 3,200 dollar fines for working illegally
Suspiscion following 2008 global economic crash

Question 9

Causes of Migration USA

Answer 9

2014, US houses 42.4 million migrants, 19% of the worlds total
‘American Dream’
Average salary in Mexico $18,900, in the US average sallary is as high as $57,300
Political unrest, high homicide rate in Honduras of 90.4

Question 10

Migration Policies USA

Answer 10

1882 First chinese exclusion act
1921 start using a quota system
1996-2006 period of tightening control, visa system
480,000 people joining families
140,000 to skilled migrants
70,000 to refugees
Trump started Travel ban and 120 day suspension of the Syrian refugee program

Question 11

USA Interdependence

Answer 11

1.5 million mexicans living in USA, 1 million americans living in Mexico
22bn in remittances sent home to Mexico
NAFTA bilateral trade
$24m given to Mexico by US for border security
Joint management of the Sonoran desert

Question 12

USA opportunities

Answer 12

Low paid jobs that nobody else will do 31% services, 25% manufacturing
Estimated contribution of 1.2 trillion in the next 10 years
High skilled workers from China and India with 73% employed in services
Mexicans contribute 6% to GDP

Question 13

USA Challenges

Answer 13

11.5 million unauthorised migrants
Southern border costs 18 billion per year
Only half of illegal migrants pay taxes
69% have limited proficecny in English
40 bn in drugs seized
24bn per year removed from economy in remitances
Uneven burden with 60% of migrants in 6 states

Question 14

Mexico Current patterns

Answer 14

2009-2014 1 million return, 870,000 leave

16million emigrated in the last 35 years

Question 15

Interdependence Mexico

Answer 15

Washington reliant on Mexico to prevent vast numbers of central american migrants moving to the US
14 million US jobs rely on Nafta
200 thousand export jobs created by Nafta each year

Question 16

Positive impacts on Mexico

Answer 16

24bn per year in remittances making up 15% of GDP in poorer areas such as Guerro
Poorest mexicans emigrate reducing inequality
Those returning bring back skills
Jalisco the Latin American silicon Valley is worth 21bn dollars and is supported by workers from the US and spain

Question 17

Negative Impacts Mexico

Answer 17

Demographic, more women in rural areas, impinges on local initativews
6000 deaths on border crossing
Absent husbands and fathers
Strain on border towns
Increase in asylum applicants by 150% from 2015 to 2016
Border patrols remove traditional routes leading to increased violence on immigrants by cartels

Question 18

Laos reasons for immigration

Answer 18

Subsistence farmers , only 6% are paid their dues
73% of people employed in agriculture
minimum wage in Thailand is 10 times higher than in Laos
1975 Pathet communist movement lead to the migration of 120,000 hmongs
Culturally similar countries

Question 19

Migration Policies Laos

Answer 19

‘National Plan of Human trafficing’ created with UN organisations such as UNICEF, 3 point plan focussing on protection, prevention and prosecution.
ASEAN aiums to free up movement of skilled workers
Mutual recognition agreements

Question 20

Interdependence Laos

Answer 20

Thai migration corridor is one of the largest in ASEAN, unskilled labour for remittances
Laos Thauiland cooperation comitee and new friendship bridge
MKong river comission managing the Don Sahong hydroelectric power station
High speed rail links from Thailand to Vietnam

Question 21

Opportunities Laos

Answer 21

Vietnam involved in 400 investment projects in Laos

Remittances provide essential income as 22% OF FAMILIES LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE

Question 22

Challenges Laos

Answer 22

Low skilled and under age, 26% of population under 15 and vulnerable
trafficing of children from liberia to Laos to play fro Champaska united
Loss of skilled workers such as carpenters to Thailand increases wage differentials further
Lack of female workers in the garment industry in Vientae