Migration Flashcards

Question

What is a refugee?

Answer 1

A person, who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted (on account of their race, religion, political opinion or social group), lives outside their country of nationality.

Answer 2

A refugee who has applied to become a citizen of the country where they have sought protection

Answer 3

A person forced to flee their home for the same reasons as a refugee or to escape natural disasters, but they do not cross an internationally recognised border.

Answer 4

A refugee or asylum seeker who had voluntarily returned to their own country or an IDP who has returned home

Answer 5

Country of origin

Answer 6

Destination country

Answer 7

- reduction in unemployment - less risk of energy, food, water, insecurity (less pressure on resources) - remittance are a source of income and can boost local economy - returning migrants bring news skills with them

Answer 8

The money sent by a migrant back to their home country, generally to family

Answer 9

- more low-wage workers - job fulfilment - increased diversity - cultural enrichment - boost to local economy

Answer 10

- less income - brain drain (less skilled work force) - underpopulation - only women, children and elderly remain (dependence) - depopulation in rural areas affecting agricultural output

Answer 11

- job competition - increased pressure on public services - discrimination and racial tension - increased pressure on natural resources - overcrowding

Answer 12

The decrease in population size in rural areas due to out-migration

Answer 13

1. Unmarried young adults migrate to regional centres for better socio-economic opportunities 2. Population decreases, ages and births fall below replacement level 3. Reduction in business services due to falling demand, ie. bus service, pub, general store, post office 4. Key social services provision cut, ie. primary school, mobile library 5. Loss of services induces out-migration of young families and ensures that in-migration is minimal 6. Ageing population disintegration of balanced community This is cycle and repeats

Answer 14

1. Economic growth 2. Immigration 3. Investment by TNCs 4. Increased employment 5. Consumption This is a cycle, and comes back to the start.

Answer 15

The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths - this can be positive or negative

Answer 16

The difference between the number of immigrants into the country and the number of emigrants leaving the country

Answer 17

Increasingly ageing

Answer 18

Natural increase

Answer 19

Natural decrease

Answer 20

Net in-migration

Answer 21

Net out-migration

Answer 22

1. Border walls 2. State border controls 3. Encouraging emigration

Answer 23

The use of natural geographical barriers (eg. Himalayas between India and China) or the building of physical barriers (eg. wall between Mexico and USA by Donald Trump).

Answer 24

Many countries require visas to enter and remain in a country. Some also grant tourist visas. However, to obtain these documents, some countries have strict point-based systems (eg. Canada, Australia, and UK) where 70 points are required. In Canada, there is also a skills test before entry and only certain trades or jobs are permitted to enter.

Answer 25

Some countries seek to increase emigration, particularly Pakistan, Philippines and some South Pacific island nations. This is usually due to: - increase in unemployment - poor living conditions, low GDP - lack of resources - environmental factors - unsafe working conditions, lack of housing How do they do this? - reduce bureaucracy (laws put in place to make it more complicated to carry out an action) - make natural barriers more accessible - provide financial support

Answer 26

Due to Brexit, the UK now has control over the number of immigrants coming from outside the EU, and, in the future, the people from EU countries will no longer have the right to freely enter the UK.