migration Flashcards
1
Q
what is migration
A
movement of people either across an international border or within a state.
It is a population movement
2
Q
what is time space compression
A
- a set of processes that caused the relative distances between places to contract
- essentially making places grow ‘closer’
3
Q
what is net migration
A
- difference between total number of immigrants and emigrants
4
Q
what is natural change
A
- when birth rate is higher than death rate so population will increase
5
Q
what is an economic migrant
A
someone who migrated for purely economic reasons, to improve their livelihood
6
Q
what is a refugee
A
someone who is outside their country of origin due to fear of prosecution, conflict so require international protection
7
Q
what are asylum seekers
A
people who are outside their country of origin and asking to stay in another country
8
Q
what are voluntary migrants
A
migration based on ones free will
9
Q
what are involuntary migrants
A
someone who hasn’t chosen to leave their country of origin
10
Q
inter regional migration definition
A
flow of international migration
most are fleeing from conflict
11
Q
inter regional case study
A
Syria to france
12
Q
why are people leaving syria
A
- 15 march 2011 Day of Rage, Syrian war started
- President Bashar al Assad cracked down on peaceful protests with violent military control
- over 10 years, 306,000 civilians died
13
Q
where did the syrians flee?
A
- 4.7 million fled overall
- high % went to neighboring countries e.g. Lebanon
- many also went to European countries to seek aslyum
14
Q
Calais the jungle
A
- temporary camp set up 500m from Port De Calais
- very few had clean water
- 75% had experienced police violence
- many aim to illegally cross English channel
15
Q
intra regional migration definition
A
flow of migration within a region
16
Q
intra regional migration case study
A
EU and Schengen Agreement
17
Q
what is the Schengen agreement
A
- allows free movement within EU states
- Schengen area has 46 states
18
Q
how does globalization increase migration
A
- more knowledge about QoL in other places
- transport is more affordable
- access to 24 hour news channels
- social media and technology make global connections closer
- trade links have increased through containerism
19
Q
manual castells time space compression
A
- globalisation is a network of productions that is shaped by technology
- these networks increase interconnectivity and shrink our world
20
Q
what does lees model of migration state
A
- he says to get from A to B there are intervening obstacles
- social, environmental, economic, political
21
Q
what is the AC case study
A
migration to USA
22
Q
future outlooks of migration to USA
A
- currently have a net migration gain
- there are signs that suggest increase in migration might slow down
- 2013, 2.98 million US citizens were living abroad
- much of migration is Mexicans returning to country of origin
- high skilled workers move to countries with USA ties
23
Q
what does immigration and naturalisation act allow
A
- 675,000 perminant visas
- peice of legislation which accounts for usas current immigration policy
24
Q
what is the green card
A
- proof of a person’s lawful permanent resident status
- 18 years or more must always carry it
- if not, $300 fine or 30 day imprisonment
25
what is bi lateral independence
the connection and reliance between two countries usually through political and economic relations
26
reasons for attractiveness to the USA
- positive immigration policy and green card
- employment opportunities for low and high skilled
- opportunity to send remittances
- educational opportunities
- importance of family reunification
27
opportunities caused by international migration for USA
- immigrants have the low paying jobs - 31% services
- most immigrants to US are young working age - help as USA has ageing population
- immigrants are consumers - help job creation
28
challenged caused by international migration for USA
- around 11.5 million unauthorised live is USA - 6 million from Mexico
- uneven integration of immigrant groups
- supply of resources and services are strained
29
what kinds of people are moving from Poland to UK
- 80% are aged 18 to 34
- one in ten brough dependants
- 3% brought dependants under 17
- average age is 28
- most are single
- male to female is 58:42
30
how much remittances was sent home from Uk from Polish migrants
- more than half send remittances
- about 4 billion pounds each year
31
migration to EDC case study
- Brazil
32
context of Brazil
- owned by Spain and Portugal from 1500-1880
- farmers moved inland for more fertile soil
- gained independence in sep 7 1822
- most of landmass is Amazon Rainforest
- $15,600 GDP - 8th largest economy
- population is 6th largest in the world - 2022, 215.3 million
33
Brazil migration patterns of young professionals
- 20% higher house price than Manhattan
- last 10 years, workers have doubled
34
Brazil migration patterns to Haiti
- financial stability
- 2010 earthquake
- lack of economic opportunity in Haiti
35
Brazil push factors
- water supply is poor
- in NE 80% of farmland owned by 10% of farmers
- struggle to earn a good living
36
Brazil pull factors
- able to send children to school
- better health care
- growing industries
37
Disadvantages of migration to Brazil
- not enough space in schools and healthcare
- increased crime
38
what is a refugee
someone who has been displaced or been forced to leave their country due to war, persecution, or natural disaster
39
Benefits of Poland to UK migration for Poland
- money is sent home - improve economy
- decrease pressure on jobs and resources
- migrants return home with new skills
40
Costs of Poland to UK migration for Poland
- unemployment increases
- due to smaller workforce - GDP decreases
- there is demographic unbalance as mainly men leave
41
Benefits of Poland to UK migration for UK
- unemployment decreases
- due to larger workforce, GDP increases
- more diverse culture
42
Costs of Poland to UK migration for UK
- more pressure on resources
- might experience social pressure of loosing 'english feel'
- economy is impacted as some migrants send money home
43
what types of people are using south-north migration corridors
- wealthy
- educated
- family in diaspora community
- country of destination has policy
- brain drain
- refugees (wealthy)
44
what types of people are using South-south migration corridors
- low income/resources
- poor education
- family in diaspora community
- refugees (poor)
- labour drain
45
economic opportunity for Burkina Faso from migration to Ivory Coast
- trade - exports $404 million in cotton, gold etc
- remittances are sent back
46
economic challenges for Burkina Faso from migration to Ivory Coast
- labour drain - seasonal migration for farming mean agricultural output decreases
- stagnant economy
47
social opportunities for Burkina Faso from migration to Ivory Coast
- poverty rate fell between 2009 and 2014 from 46% to 40.1%
- primary enrolment rate rose from 57% to 88.5%
48
social challenges for Burkina Faso from migration to Ivory Coast
- one of the lowest literacy rates in the world - 36% in total, 29.3% in women
- high prevalence of serious diseases
49
economic opportunities for Ivory Coast form migration from Burkina Faso
- chocolate farms allow for more low payed jobs for people to look after their families
- many migrant workers come from old french colonies, making higher worker availability, allowing more companies to migrate
50
economic challenges for Ivory Coast from migration from Burkina Faso
- most migrants from BF have low education so work in agriculture which has low pay - low QOL
- human trafficking with children as young as 10 are given training as they are cheap labor
51
social opportunities for ivory coast from migration from Burkina Faso
- ethnically and religiously diverse
- rising population growth which will help counter ageing population
52
social challenges for Ivory coast from migration from Burkina Faso
- could become overcrowded
- migrants are more vulnerable to violantion of their human rights as a result of forced labour
53
why are the poles moving to the uk
- they are able to earn 5x more than in Poland
- technological advances makes accessible travel routes more easy - less of LEES migration model due to less environmental things intervening
54
what is the international migrant stock
the number of people living in a different country than the one they were born in
