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Geography > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

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1
Q

What are remittances?

A

Funds sent to a migrants country of origin

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2
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A person who has moved outside their country of origin in order to escape, war, persecution or natural hazards.

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3
Q

What is an asylum seeker?

A

A person who enters another country seeking refugee status due to fear for their life in their home country.

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4
Q

What is time-space compression?

A

The set of processes that cause the relative distances between places to contract.

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5
Q

What is net migration?

A

The difference between the total number of immigrants and emigrants.

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6
Q

What is natural change?

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

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7
Q

What is migration?

A

The movement of a person or a group of people either across an international border or within a state.

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8
Q

What is an economic migrant?

A

A person who leaves their country of origin for economic reasons, in order to seek material improvements in their livelihood.

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9
Q

What is a voluntary migrant?

A

Migration based on free will.

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10
Q

What is an involuntary migrant?

A

People who have not chosen to leave their country. Forced.

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11
Q

What is diaspora?

A

The spread of people from their country of original homeland.

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12
Q

What is inter-regional migration?

A

The flow of international migration, many of whom have fled from conflict.

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13
Q

Why did people flee from Syria?

A

The civil war began on the 15th March 2011. Protesters took to the streets to oppose the government regime under the president Bashar al-Assaad. They did so after other Arab nations opposed their governments in the Arab spring movement. The president therefore cracked down on the protesters through violent military control.

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14
Q

Calais: The jungle

A

Calais is the port for the crossing from France to the Uk. Temporary camps were set up 500 metres away from the port. However conditions in the camp deteriorated quickly with few people having access to sanitation or clean water. Suggested that 75% of refugees in the camp had experienced police violence or sensual and verbal abuse.

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15
Q

How many refugees did Germany take during the Syrian civil war?

A

221,933

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16
Q

How many refugees fled Syria in total?

A

4.7 million

17
Q

What is intra-regional migration?

A

The flow of migration within a region as the area might share a language, culture or beliefs.

18
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The increasing interconnectivity of the world, through complex flows of goods, services, labour, money and knowledge.

19
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

The process by which a new or expanding economic activity in an area creates additional employment. As employers have money to spend, growth occurs in other sectors and the wealth of the area stimulates more economic activity.

20
Q

How many civilians have been killed in the 10 year period of conflict in Syria?

A

306,000

21
Q

The EU and Schengen Agreement

A

Majority of migration in EU takes place in EU.
The Schengen Agreement allows for free movement of people with the majority of EU member states.

22
Q

How many immigrants are migrating to the USA from Mexico?

A

11 million in 2019

23
Q

What’s the immigration and naturalisation act?

A

A piece of legislation which accounts for USA’s current immigration policy and allows for 675,000 permanent immigrants.

24
Q

What is the green card?

A

A permanent resident card that serves as a proof of a persons permanent resident status in the USA. It also gives you the right to live and work.

25
Q

What is bi-lateral interdependence?

A

The connection and resilience between 2 countries usually through political and economic relations.

26
Q

What are the opportunities of the migration from Mexico to USA?

A

Immigrants take lower paid jobs which Americans may find unattractive. 31% of Mexicans work in services.
Most immigrants to the USA are in the young working age group so supports economy and socially. Tax benefit and more births to keep up with death rate.

27
Q

what are the challenges of migration from Mexico to the USA?

A

Immigrant populations are high so can lead to lack of services or resources. For example there’s a high water demand in California, so a poorer quality of life.
Uneven progress in the integration of immigration groups. Which causes increased social tension and conflict in communities.

28
Q

What’s the life expectancy in Mexico compared to the USA?

A

USA is 76 compared to Mexico that’s 72

29
Q

What are the patients per doctor comparison for Mexico and the USA?

A

Mexico is 2,000 compared to the USA which is 500.

30
Q

Why are the Poles moving over to the UK?

A

They are able to earn 5X more in the UK, so send remittances to save for a house or to start a business.
English is spoken which is a second language to many countries.
Technological advances. More accessible travel routes which makes migrating easier.

31
Q

What’s the percentage of ethnic minorities that make up the UK’s net migration?

A

9%

32
Q

What are South to South migration flows?

A

Mainly driven by labour migration.
The individuals usually have a low income and poor education. (Labour drain)

33
Q

What are reasons for South to South migration flows?

A

There are restrictive barriers from south attempting to enter the north.
Fast growing economies in the south which offer employment opportunities.

34
Q

What are South to North migration flows?

A

This occurs when an individual usually is wealthy, educated. (Brain drain)

35
Q

Burkina Faso to the Ivory Coast

A

West Africa has high levels of intra-regional migration. Burkina Faso is a landlocked country that’s an LIDC. Bordered to the south of the Ivory Coast.
In 2018 there were 243,776 Ivorians living in Burkina Faso mainly to escape conflict.
Also 927,756 million people born in Burkina Faso living in the Ivory Coast.

36
Q

Burkina Faso

A

Population = 17 million
GDP = $644 per capita
90% of population engage in agriculture and cotton is the main cash crop.

37
Q

Ivory Coast

A

Population = 24 million
GDP = $1,409 per capita
Close ties to France following independence in 1960. Cocoa is main production for export.

38
Q

What is the economic challenge on the migration from Burkina Faso?

A

Labour drain. Seasonal migration for farming means agricultural output decreases for Burkina Faso. Stagnant economy so less money for improving infrastructure.

Geography (6 decks)

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