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Geography > Changing Spaces, Making Places > Flashcards

Changing Spaces, Making Places Flashcards

1
Q

What is a place?

A

A location that has meaning, memory, opinion or emotion attachment associated with it.

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2
Q

What is an example of a place?

A

Your own home as it has a meaning, memory and emotion.

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3
Q

What is a space?

A

A physical location that has no meaning associated with it.

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4
Q

What is an example of a space?

A

A random spot in the Atlantic Ocean- between New York and the UK.

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5
Q

How do we experience places?

A

1- visiting the location and so forms a meaning and attachment
2- informal representation
3- formal representation

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6
Q

Formal representations:

A

Reliable
Objective
Quantitative
Up to date statistics that are essential for government and council planning.

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7
Q

Informal representations:

A

Qualitative
Agencies have had the power to question ‘status quo’
Tourism for example is an industry that benefits a place by a TV or movie.

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8
Q

What are the factors that influence an individual’s perception of places?

A

Age
Gender
Sexuality
Religion
Role

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9
Q

How does the age of a person influence their perception of a place?

A

Perceptions change as people get older.
They also change when people revisit a place that may have changed significantly over time.

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10
Q

How does the gender of a person influence their perception of a place?

A

Places can be described as being male or female, which can reflect a society’s view of male and female roles.

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11
Q

How does the sexuality of a person influence their perception of a place?

A

Some places aquire a specific meaning as they are places that people with a different sexual orientation go to.

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12
Q

How does the religion of a person influence their perception of a place?

A

Religious meanings have been assigned to specific locations for many years.

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13
Q

How does the role of a person influence their perception of a place?

A

Individuals perform a variety of different roles at different times.

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14
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The increasing interconnectivity and interdependence of the world economically, socially, politically and culturally.

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15
Q

What does the term ‘Global Village’ mean?

A

The idea that the world has become smaller because of greater interconnectedness.

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16
Q

What is social inequality?

A

When unequal opportunities or rewards exists for people within a society and between people of different social status and position.

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17
Q

What happens when social inequalities lead to differences between groups of people?

A

deprivation

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18
Q

What are the factors of deprivation?

A

Poverty
Poor living conditions
Ill health
Poor education
Poor skills

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19
Q

What is the index of Multiple Deprivation?

A

Used by the government of the UK to spatially assess levels of deprivation.

20
Q

What are the factors measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation?

A

income, employment, health, education, crime, access to housing and services, and living environment.

21
Q

How is income measured for social inequality?

A

purchasing power parity (PPP)
Poverty for PPP is US$1.90/day

22
Q

How is education measured for social inequality?

A

literacy levels

23
Q

How is housing measured for social inequality?

A

owning
owning with a morgage
renting
squatter settlements

24
Q

What are the different types of employment?

A

formal and informal employment

25
Q

What is disposable income?

A

The proportion of a person’s income that remains after spending on essentials such as taxes, housing and food.

26
Q

What factors have led to structural economic change?

A

TNC’s
Global shift
ACs development

27
Q

What does global shift mean?

A

The change in manufacturing areas from western Europe and North America to NICs in East Asia and South America

28
Q

How have ACs contributed to economic change?

A

transformed into post-industrial societies in which there are high levels of employment in the tertiary and quaternary sectors

29
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

The decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry.

30
Q

Why does deindustrialisation typically occur?

A

Due to the exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and a global shift in manufacturing to EDCs.

31
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

Process by which a new or expanding economic activity in an area creates additional employment. These people then have more money to spend, growth occurs in other sectors and wealth stimulates more economic activity.

32
Q

What are 2 positive impacts of economic change in ACs?

A

cheaper imports of relatively labour intensive products can keep the cost of living down.
Loss of mining and manufacturing industries can lead to improved environmental quality.

33
Q

What are 2 negative impacts of economic change in ACs?

A

Rising job exports can lead to job losses which often affect unskilled workers. Therefore a big gap between unskilled and skilled workers occurs.
Job losses mainly occur in certain areas so can lead to deindustrialisation in these regions.

34
Q

What are 2 positive impacts of economic change in EDCs or LIDCs?

A

Can lead to exposure of new technology, improvement of skills and labour productivity.
Employment growth in relatively labour intensive manufacturing spreads wealth, and does reduce development gap.

35
Q

What are 2 negative impacts of economic growth in EDCs and LIDCs?

A

Unlikely to decrease inequality as jobs tend to be concentrated in core regions of urban areas.
Can destabilise food supplies, as people give up agriculture.

36
Q

What is the primary sector?

A

Anything that extracts a natural resource.

37
Q

What’s an example of a primary sector job?

A

Farmer, fisherman

38
Q

What is the secondary sector?

A

The use of natural resources to make something from it.

39
Q

What’s an example of a secondary sector job?

A

Factory worker

40
Q

What’s the tertiary sector?

A

Providing services

41
Q

What’s an example of a tertiary sector job?

A

Teachers, window cleaners

42
Q

What is the quaternary sector?

A

science and research

43
Q

What are the Kondratieff waves?

A

A long-term cycle that represents high and low growth economic periods.

44
Q

Who developed the Kondratieff waves?

A

Nikolai D. Kondrateiff

45
Q

What is on the 1st wave of Kondratieff’s waves?

A

Iron
Textiles
Water power

46
Q

What is on the 2nd wave of Kondratieff’s waves?

A

Steam power
Railroad
Steel
Cotton

47
Q
A

Geography (8 decks)

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