Migration Flashcards
Migration
Movement of people from one place to another
Identity
Referring to peoples feelings and perceptions, and their shared beliefs, traditions and ways of life
Sovereignty
Control over a countrys own laws and regulations
Causes of international migration
The causes of migration are varied, complex and subject to change
-conflict
-Risk of life
-water and sanitation
-education
-healthcare
-employment
Internal migration - China
Rural to urban
-Hukou system, household registration system: two teir system- agricultural and non-agricultural
Regional migration - Schengen area
-area free from border control
-easier to move trade
Nation state
A sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors which define a nation, such as language or common descent. Eg, North Korea, japan, Iceland
Dependent territory
A territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlling states integral area. More sovereignty than nation but less than state. Eg, Greenland
Sovereignty
Ability to self govern
Colonialism
Direct rule of another nation eg, British empire
-hard power
-enforcement
Neocolonialism
Indirect rule of another nation eg, china and Africa
-smart power by; aid and alliances
Nationalism
Based of peoples identification with a nation in the belief that they share a common identity, language, history and customs that bind them together
-a belief that a action is superior to others.
Trading blocs
Groups of neighbouring countries are increasing working together on economic decisions, acting as if they are one large country, operating without cross-border taxation, allowing for freedom of movement, referred to as single markets, eg. EU
Advantages of trading blocs
-no barriers to trade therefore incr levels of trade
-build political co-operation
-stronger voice to make trading decisions
-larger ‘markets’ - attract TNCs
-comparative advantage-better, prices decr, production cost decr
Disadvantages of trading blocs
-decr sovereignty
-restrict trade with other global regions/ countries
-administrative costs to be in trade blocs
-potential security risk- less border control
Centripetal forces
Harmonising of economic policies or a single currency can draw member states together, yet this requires trust, consistency, shared laws and ideology, all of which require time, and not all parties may support this
Centrifugal forces
Such as nationalists forces can lead to splintering, which could drive organisations of countries apart
Global commons
Large scale resources, too big for one country to manage- oceans, atmosphere, antártica and outer space
Hyperglobalisation
Spreading of western culture- erosion of traditional cultures/ sovereignty
Causes of hyperglobalisation
-dev in transport
-dev in technology
-TNCs
-National governments (privatisation, trading blocs)
-IGOs (Breton woods)
Borders become less important, global villa
Threats to national identity
-foreign-owned companies
-westernisation
-(overseas) property ownership
Sovereign wealth fund
Government-owned investment vehicles that invest the wealth of nations in companies and projects around the world. They are worth hundreds of billions of dollars and are conventional
