Migration Flashcards
Rural urban migration in China stat:
In 1980 less than 20% of the population lived in urban areas.
In 2012 51% of the population lived in urban areas
Restrictions in internal migration:
(Hukou system in China)
Restrictions put in place to reduce movement of people from rural to urban areas.
Those moving must buy a permit which is expensive, and they would normally give these to highly educated workers or to those who have family living in the city
How many EU citizens are benefitted from Schengen agreement?
425 million
How the Schengen region benefits police?
Allows police officers to follow suspects across open borders
Why Schengen countries benefit from free movement of people?
Helps to fill job vacancies, e.g. in 2020 nearly 200 000 Romanians migrated to Germany
Why Japan may struggle economically in future:
Closed-door policy to immigration, only 1.7% of population is immigrant.
To add to that fertility rate is relatively low so has an ageing population, median age is 46.
Australia’s migration policy:
70% of immigrants are accepted based on skills shortages where there are insufficient Australian workers. They contribute on average 10% more per capita to Australia GDP each year than non immigrants.
Immigrants help to cancel out the ageing population of Australia as majority of them tend to be younger
Singapore’s migration policy:
Encourages international migration but also skills based, accepting foreign workers for manufacturing, unskilled workers coming mostly from South East Asian
‘Foreign talent’, those with a degree that will contribute to knowledge economy coming from various places like New Zealand and US
Mediterranean migrant crisis:
(Refugees and asylum seekers)
In 2015 just over 1 million left North Africa and Middle East to move to Europe.
More than 60% came from war torn countries while the rest were experiencing human rights violations and were looking for somewhere safer
Since 2014 nearly 25 000 people have died during this attempt to cross the Mediterranean
How many refugees arrived by land and sea to Spain, Italy, Greece from 2018 to present?
72,000
EU migration to the UK:
(Economic migrants)
Economic migration to the UK has been high in order to fill labour shortages, by 2014-15, there were 9 EU countries in the top 10 source countries for UK immigrants
Commonwealth nations migration to the UK:
(Economic migrants)
Following world war 2 there were labour shortages for example in transport and healthcare, led to lots of Afro-Caribbean migrants coming in to fill those gaps, as well as Indians and Pakistanis
In 2021 what percent of UK migrants came from former colonies?
33% (India, Pakistan, Kenya and Nigeria)
Reasons for internal migration in the UK:
1)Workers in search of employment, mostly from north to south
2)Older adults moving from urban areas to rural areas
3)Younger people moving to larger cities for urban lifestyle or for study
Different countries’ perceptions of migrants stat:
In 2018, 62% of Swedish population believe that migrants make their country stronger, compared to only 10% in Greece
