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History Paper 2 > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

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1
Q

Jewish Migrants Cause 1250-1500

A

PULL –> Invited in 1066 by William the conqueror and given protection

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2
Q

Jewish Migrants Experiences 1250-1500

A

BAD –>
- Money lenders disliked
- they were property of the king so payed higher taxes
- Lincoln blood libel, 1255 9yo hugh murdered found in a cespit near Jewish man Copin who was hung for it
- palm Sunday 1263 –> 400 men were murdered
- statute of Jewry 1275 –> money lenders couldn’t collect interest
- they were expelled in 1290

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3
Q

Jewish Migrants 1250-1500 Impact

A

LITTLE –>
- Increased the countries economy

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4
Q

Low Countries Cause

A

PULL + PUSH –>
- there were frequent wars in the low countries
- the UK was only a short sea journey away
- the UK needed weavers so the king invited them

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5
Q

Low Countries Experiences

A

GOOD –>
- Manchester trade still around in 1800s
- Smaller towns revenues increased
- Worked as brick makers or ran brothels sometimes

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6
Q

Low Countries Impact

A

SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN
- Made England lots of money
- Brought new beers to England

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7
Q

Italian Bankers Cause

A

PULL
- Arrived in the 1260s as UK needed bankers and they were now allowed to collect interest (the pope decreed it)

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8
Q

Italian Bankers Experices

A

GOOD
- became rich, mostly live in London

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9
Q

Italian Bankers Impact

A

LITTLE
- credit, debt, and to owe come from the Italian language
- loans funded wars which helped to conquer Wales
-

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10
Q

Hansa Merchants Cause

A

PULL
- In 1266 King Henry gave Hansa merchants a trade charter

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11
Q

Hansa Merchants Experiences

A

BAD
- People didn’t like that they were rich
- English merchants didn’t like how they have privileges
- “Evil may day riots” Dr Bell called foreigners “aliens”, in 1517 he targeted merchants
- Henry VIII thought that they were bringing protestant books to the UK which he disliked.
- Settled in Steelyard
- Expelled in 1597

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12
Q

Hansa Merchants Impacts

A

LITTLE
- Kings Lynn is a hanseatic town in the UK and has the only Hansa building left in the UK
- Hans Holbein was a famous artist who painted people such as Anne Bolyen

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13
Q

Indians Causes 1500-17500

A

PULL
- Elizabeth wanted trade with the Mughal empire
- Worked as servants or ayahs

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14
Q

Indians Experiences 1500-1750

A

BAD
- portrayed as status symbols
- treated as property often sold
- ayahs are often abandoned when they reached the UK
- few accepted as anything other than servants

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15
Q

Jewish 1500-1750 Causes

A

PUSH?
- came as anti-catholic refugees
- some guy came and asked if they could come?

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16
Q

Jewish 1500-1750 Experiences

A

BADISH
- many settled in Aldgate, London
- could be in army, lawyers, and attend university
- Worked in finance
- Often gave up Jewish identity to fit in

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17
Q

Jewish 1500-1750 Impact

A

LITTLE
- developed the financial sector

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18
Q

Gypsies Causes

A

PUSH
- came as nomadic people
- pushed out of other countries

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19
Q

Gypsies Experiences + Laws

A

BAD
- christian communities saw them as deceiving and unlawful
1530- Henry VIII gave them 16 days to leave (“The Egyptians act”)
1554- Mary allowed them to stay if settled down and made it illegal to travel with them
1562- Elizabeth offered English born Gypsies English citizenship if they settled down, otherwise they would be hung
1592- 5 hung in Durham
1595- 7 hung in York

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20
Q

Palatines Causes

A

PUSH
- avoiding persecution in middle Rhine
- Avoiding harsh treatment and ad harvests
- in 1708, they were given same right as English born

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21
Q

Palatines Experiences

A

BAD
- Initially welcomed, £20,000 was raised by churches
- Arrived at a time of poverty, everything was expensive
- Sympathy was lost for them when it was revealed that 1/3 were catholic
- Refugee camps set up, 3000 were sent to Ireland, 3000 to the USA, the rest to Germany

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22
Q

Huguenots Cause

A

PUSH
- avoiding religious persecution (St Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572, many executed across France
- given denizen status by English kings
- Attacked again in 1680s across Europe

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23
Q

Huguenots Experience

A

GOOD
- most settled in London, many in Spitalfields
- 1631 riots in Spitalfields as people believed that they were taking jobs
- Same legal rights given in 1708

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24
Q

Huguenots Impact

A

BIG
- transformed silk and textile industry
- played crucial role in industrial revolution
- made paper for the bank of England

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25
Q

African 1500-1750 Causes

A

PUSH/PULL
- came for work, exploration, or due to slavery

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26
Q

African 1500-1750 Experiences

A

BAD
- Sometimes had good jobs, they came integrated in society
- As slaves they were overworked and poorly treated
- It was fashionable to have young boys
- Some ran away, there were adverts in newspapers
- threat of being sent to the West Indies as slaved

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27
Q

Irish Migrants Cause

A

PUSH
- potato famine –> starvation & no income
- landlords decreased rent so they could leave Ireland

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28
Q

Irish Migrants Experiences

A

BAD
- poverty led to drinking which led to prejudice there was also anti-catholic prejudice
- terrorism annoyed English there were large scale riots
- towns and cities unsanitary

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29
Q

Irish Migrants Impacts

A

BIG
- backbone of the industrial revolution
- Oscar Wilde and George Shaw contributed to the arts

30
Q

Chinese Migrants Causes

A

PULL
- Increased trade in silk, porcelain and tea
- Employed as accepted low wages, were hard workers and had limited drinking
- Opium wars increased trade

31
Q

Chinese Migrants Experience

A

GOOD
- Chinese communities provided refuge and support for sailors
- Chinese communities in port town
- Development in new areas such as China Town

32
Q

Chinese Migrants Impacts

A

BIG
- large population in Liverpool and Limehouse
- Street Names such as Naking and Canton Street
- Chinatown became “exotic”

33
Q

German Migrants Cause

A

PUSH/PULL
- Ware fare engulfed Germany
- German king in UK with a strong economy
- In 1861 there were 28,000 Germans in Britain

34
Q

German Migrants Experiences

A

GOOD
- Little prejudice
- Mostly protestants so integrated into society

35
Q

German Migrants Impacts

A

BIG
- Built big 19th century bushiness

36
Q

Italian Migrants Causes

A

PUSH
- many Italians endured warfare + conscription due to unification
- Changes in agriculture led to poverty and outbreaks of disease
- Between 1871-1881, 3/4 of Italians left Italy

37
Q

Italian Migrants Experiences

A

BAD
- Clerkenwell became known as ‘Little Italy’
- Italians worked jobs the British didn’t want to work
- Young boys worked as musicians + were exploited by gangs
- Many people blamed cholera outbreaks on them due to there ice cream shops

38
Q

Italian Migrants Impacts

A

LITTLE
- Italian communities flourished, built schools, churches, and hospitals

39
Q

Jewish Migrants 1750-1900 Causes

A

PUSH+PULL
- 1750, restrictions lifted on Jewish people
- 1830 could trade, could be lawyers and be on juries
- there were frequent pogroms in Eastern Europe, Britain was a cheap place to migrate to

40
Q

Jewish Migrant Experiences

A

BADISH
- After 1881, more Eastern European Jews arrived, they were very poor
- they lived in close knit communities and were foreign to outsiders
- Employed by match and sweatshop companies with little pay

41
Q

Jewish Migrants Impact 1750-1900

A

BIGISH
- set up Rothschilds Bank
- created many companies including: M&S, Moss Bros & Burtons

42
Q

African Migrants 1750-1900 Cause

A

-Slavery 10,000 people by mid 18th century

43
Q

African Migrants 1750-1900 Experiences

A

BAD
- many not free, many ran away or bough freedom
- many begged + very poor
- some fought for England and were offered freedom as a reward
- Some were forced to leave and few returned alive

44
Q

African Migrants Impacts

A

BIG
- 1,500 black people in London in 1800
- Fueled industrial revolution + wars as they fought for the UK
- Racism developed

45
Q

Causes of Indian Migrants 1750-1900

A

-Growth of British Empire, East India company controlled trade

46
Q

Indian Migrants 1750-1900 Experiences

A

BAD
- Servants and sailors became influential +wealthy
- Ayahs left at docks
- Lived in cheap households or workhouses or beggars

47
Q

Indian Migrants 1750-1900 Impacts

A

BIG
- Population groups in industrial cities (Manchester)
- Politics Dadabhai Naoroji, moarchy (Mohamed Karim), education (Cornelia Sorbaji)

48
Q

Commonwealth Migrants 1948-1962 Causes

A

PULL
- 1948 Nationality act commonwealth citizens could get a UK passport
- Carribean had severe job shortage

49
Q

Commonwealth Migrants 1948-1962 Experiences

A

BADISH
- Windrush Migrants lived in temporary accommodation
- Many worked in public sectors or in factories
- Negative attitudes focused on black migrants
- lived in poor areas and often many returned to carribean

50
Q

Commonwealth Migrants 1948-1962 Impact

A

SOMEWHERE INBETWEEN
- filled jobs such as nurses in the NHS and other public sectors
- Sam King became mayor of Southwark

51
Q

Commonwealth Migrations 1962+ Causes

A

PULL
- looking for work, wanted to beat the immigration act
- Uganda + Kenya governments kicked out asians

52
Q

Commonwealth Migrations 1962+ Experiences

A

BAD
- 75% thought that there were too many ‘non-white migrants’
- “Rivers of Blood” caused marches in return there were boycotts

53
Q

Commonwealth Migrants 1962+ Impacts & Acts

A

1962- vouchers replaced the auto rights of 1948
1968- One had to have a father/ grandfather from the UK
1971- Immigration act
1965- Race relations act –> illegal to refuse housing, employment or public services based on race colour or origin
1968- Race relations act closed loopholes.

54
Q

European Unions Migrants Causes

A

PULL
- economic migrants, moved for jobs or retirement
- ex-communist countries came to the UK for the economy

55
Q

European Unions Migrants Experinces

A

BADISH
- 300,000 Europeans living in the UK
- Polish corner shops people thought that they “took British jobs”
- anti-immigration in working class

56
Q

European Unions Migrants Impact

A

BIGGISH
- Business grows took unwanted jobs
- Increasing population, some stayed using public benefits

57
Q

Jewish Migrants Causes 1900+

A

PUSH
- Fleeing persecution & discrimination
- Immediate entry for under 17s as long as financial responsibly was taken care of by charities or family

58
Q

Jewish Migrants Experiences 1900+

A

OKAYISH
- somewhat accepted, faced anti semistism
- children taken in but otherwise hard to enter country

59
Q

Jewish Migrants Impact 1900+

A
  • many left for Israel, USA, or Europe at end of war
  • Many scientist made discoveries after fleeing
60
Q

Polish & Eastern European Migrants 1900+ Cause

A

PULL/PUSH
- Poland occupied, Britain closest ally
- Eastern European countries became communist

61
Q

Polish & Eastern European Migrants 1900 + Experiences

A

OKAYISH
- Helped war effort, airforce + enigma
- Trade Unions began to accept them

62
Q

Polish & Eastern European Migrants 1900+ Impacts

A

LITTLE
- filled jobs in RAF and other unwanted jobs

63
Q

German Migrants 1900+ Causes

A

PUSH
- Fleeing wars
- Fleeing Nazis

64
Q

German Migrants WW1 Experiences

A
  • Germans living in Britain had to prove that they support the UK
  • 32,000 interned at camps
  • properties attacked, windows broken
65
Q

German Migrants WW2 Experiences

A
  • Government set up tribunals to determine loyalty
  • Interred by government including German jews
  • Government soon changed policy and most freed
66
Q

German Migrants Impacts

A

LITTLE
- some changed surnames

67
Q

Sailors(Lascars) Causes

A

PULL
- Drafted sailors caused lack of sailors, lascars filled gabs in jobs
- Many had homes in port towns

68
Q

Sailors(Lascars) Experiences

A

BAD
- 1919 had workers turn on them as lascars had “stolen jobs” while they were away
- Bad fighting in Cardiff, constable blamed white people but thought that lascars should be sent “back to countries of origin”

69
Q

Sailors Impact

A

John Archer first black person to hold office

70
Q

Belgian Causes of Migration

A

PUSH
-250,000 fleeing German invasion of Belgium

71
Q

Belgian Migrants Experiences

A

GOOD
- charites found them places to live, they were greeted warmly
- people grew to resent them
- made to leave by end of war, 90% had left after 12 months

History Paper 2 (2 decks)

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