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History Paper 2 > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

1
Q

Jewish Migrants Cause 1250-1500

A

PULL –> Invited in 1066 by William the conqueror and given protection

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2
Q

Jewish Migrants Experiences 1250-1500

A

BAD –>
- Money lenders disliked
- they were property of the king so payed higher taxes
- Lincoln blood libel, 1255 9yo hugh murdered found in a cespit near Jewish man Copin who was hung for it
- palm Sunday 1263 –> 400 men were murdered
- statute of Jewry 1275 –> money lenders couldn’t collect interest
- they were expelled in 1290

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3
Q

Jewish Migrants 1250-1500 Impact

A

LITTLE –>
- Increased the countries economy

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4
Q

Low Countries Cause

A

PULL + PUSH –>
- there were frequent wars in the low countries
- the UK was only a short sea journey away
- the UK needed weavers so the king invited them

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5
Q

Low Countries Experiences

A

GOOD –>
- Manchester trade still around in 1800s
- Smaller towns revenues increased
- Worked as brick makers or ran brothels sometimes

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6
Q

Low Countries Impact

A

SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN
- Made England lots of money
- Brought new beers to England

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7
Q

Italian Bankers Cause

A

PULL
- Arrived in the 1260s as UK needed bankers and they were now allowed to collect interest (the pope decreed it)

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8
Q

Italian Bankers Experices

A

GOOD
- became rich, mostly live in London

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9
Q

Italian Bankers Impact

A

LITTLE
- credit, debt, and to owe come from the Italian language
- loans funded wars which helped to conquer Wales
-

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10
Q

Hansa Merchants Cause

A

PULL
- In 1266 King Henry gave Hansa merchants a trade charter

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11
Q

Hansa Merchants Experiences

A

BAD
- People didn’t like that they were rich
- English merchants didn’t like how they have privileges
- “Evil may day riots” Dr Bell called foreigners “aliens”, in 1517 he targeted merchants
- Henry VIII thought that they were bringing protestant books to the UK which he disliked.
- Settled in Steelyard
- Expelled in 1597

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12
Q

Hansa Merchants Impacts

A

LITTLE
- Kings Lynn is a hanseatic town in the UK and has the only Hansa building left in the UK
- Hans Holbein was a famous artist who painted people such as Anne Bolyen

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13
Q

Indians Causes 1500-17500

A

PULL
- Elizabeth wanted trade with the Mughal empire
- Worked as servants or ayahs

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14
Q

Indians Experiences 1500-1750

A

BAD
- portrayed as status symbols
- treated as property often sold
- ayahs are often abandoned when they reached the UK
- few accepted as anything other than servants

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15
Q

Jewish 1500-1750 Causes

A

PUSH?
- came as anti-catholic refugees
- some guy came and asked if they could come?

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16
Q

Jewish 1500-1750 Experiences

A

BADISH
- many settled in Aldgate, London
- could be in army, lawyers, and attend university
- Worked in finance
- Often gave up Jewish identity to fit in

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17
Q

Jewish 1500-1750 Impact

A

LITTLE
- developed the financial sector

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18
Q

Gypsies Causes

A

PUSH
- came as nomadic people
- pushed out of other countries

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19
Q

Gypsies Experiences + Laws

A

BAD
- christian communities saw them as deceiving and unlawful
1530- Henry VIII gave them 16 days to leave (“The Egyptians act”)
1554- Mary allowed them to stay if settled down and made it illegal to travel with them
1562- Elizabeth offered English born Gypsies English citizenship if they settled down, otherwise they would be hung
1592- 5 hung in Durham
1595- 7 hung in York

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20
Q

Palatines Causes

A

PUSH
- avoiding persecution in middle Rhine
- Avoiding harsh treatment and ad harvests
- in 1708, they were given same right as English born

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21
Q

Palatines Experiences

A

BAD
- Initially welcomed, £20,000 was raised by churches
- Arrived at a time of poverty, everything was expensive
- Sympathy was lost for them when it was revealed that 1/3 were catholic
- Refugee camps set up, 3000 were sent to Ireland, 3000 to the USA, the rest to Germany

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22
Q

Huguenots Cause

A

PUSH
- avoiding religious persecution (St Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572, many executed across France
- given denizen status by English kings
- Attacked again in 1680s across Europe

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23
Q

Huguenots Experience

A

GOOD
- most settled in London, many in Spitalfields
- 1631 riots in Spitalfields as people believed that they were taking jobs
- Same legal rights given in 1708

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24
Q

Huguenots Impact

A

BIG
- transformed silk and textile industry
- played crucial role in industrial revolution
- made paper for the bank of England

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25
African 1500-1750 Causes
PUSH/PULL - came for work, exploration, or due to slavery
26
African 1500-1750 Experiences
BAD - Sometimes had good jobs, they came integrated in society - As slaves they were overworked and poorly treated - It was fashionable to have young boys - Some ran away, there were adverts in newspapers - threat of being sent to the West Indies as slaved
27
Irish Migrants Cause
PUSH - potato famine --> starvation & no income - landlords decreased rent so they could leave Ireland
28
Irish Migrants Experiences
BAD - poverty led to drinking which led to prejudice there was also anti-catholic prejudice - terrorism annoyed English there were large scale riots - towns and cities unsanitary
29
Irish Migrants Impacts
BIG - backbone of the industrial revolution - Oscar Wilde and George Shaw contributed to the arts
30
Chinese Migrants Causes
PULL - Increased trade in silk, porcelain and tea - Employed as accepted low wages, were hard workers and had limited drinking - Opium wars increased trade
31
Chinese Migrants Experience
GOOD - Chinese communities provided refuge and support for sailors - Chinese communities in port town - Development in new areas such as China Town
32
Chinese Migrants Impacts
BIG - large population in Liverpool and Limehouse - Street Names such as Naking and Canton Street - Chinatown became "exotic"
33
German Migrants Cause
PUSH/PULL - Ware fare engulfed Germany - German king in UK with a strong economy - In 1861 there were 28,000 Germans in Britain
34
German Migrants Experiences
GOOD - Little prejudice - Mostly protestants so integrated into society
35
German Migrants Impacts
BIG - Built big 19th century bushiness
36
Italian Migrants Causes
PUSH - many Italians endured warfare + conscription due to unification - Changes in agriculture led to poverty and outbreaks of disease - Between 1871-1881, 3/4 of Italians left Italy
37
Italian Migrants Experiences
BAD - Clerkenwell became known as 'Little Italy' - Italians worked jobs the British didn't want to work - Young boys worked as musicians + were exploited by gangs - Many people blamed cholera outbreaks on them due to there ice cream shops
38
Italian Migrants Impacts
LITTLE - Italian communities flourished, built schools, churches, and hospitals
39
Jewish Migrants 1750-1900 Causes
PUSH+PULL - 1750, restrictions lifted on Jewish people - 1830 could trade, could be lawyers and be on juries - there were frequent pogroms in Eastern Europe, Britain was a cheap place to migrate to
40
Jewish Migrant Experiences
BADISH - After 1881, more Eastern European Jews arrived, they were very poor - they lived in close knit communities and were foreign to outsiders - Employed by match and sweatshop companies with little pay
41
Jewish Migrants Impact 1750-1900
BIGISH - set up Rothschilds Bank - created many companies including: M&S, Moss Bros & Burtons
42
African Migrants 1750-1900 Cause
-Slavery 10,000 people by mid 18th century
43
African Migrants 1750-1900 Experiences
BAD - many not free, many ran away or bough freedom - many begged + very poor - some fought for England and were offered freedom as a reward - Some were forced to leave and few returned alive
44
African Migrants Impacts
BIG - 1,500 black people in London in 1800 - Fueled industrial revolution + wars as they fought for the UK - Racism developed
45
Causes of Indian Migrants 1750-1900
-Growth of British Empire, East India company controlled trade
46
Indian Migrants 1750-1900 Experiences
BAD - Servants and sailors became influential +wealthy - Ayahs left at docks - Lived in cheap households or workhouses or beggars
47
Indian Migrants 1750-1900 Impacts
BIG - Population groups in industrial cities (Manchester) - Politics Dadabhai Naoroji, moarchy (Mohamed Karim), education (Cornelia Sorbaji)
48
Commonwealth Migrants 1948-1962 Causes
PULL - 1948 Nationality act commonwealth citizens could get a UK passport - Carribean had severe job shortage
49
Commonwealth Migrants 1948-1962 Experiences
BADISH - Windrush Migrants lived in temporary accommodation - Many worked in public sectors or in factories - Negative attitudes focused on black migrants - lived in poor areas and often many returned to carribean
50
Commonwealth Migrants 1948-1962 Impact
SOMEWHERE INBETWEEN - filled jobs such as nurses in the NHS and other public sectors - Sam King became mayor of Southwark
51
Commonwealth Migrations 1962+ Causes
PULL - looking for work, wanted to beat the immigration act - Uganda + Kenya governments kicked out asians
52
Commonwealth Migrations 1962+ Experiences
BAD - 75% thought that there were too many 'non-white migrants' - "Rivers of Blood" caused marches in return there were boycotts
53
Commonwealth Migrants 1962+ Impacts & Acts
1962- vouchers replaced the auto rights of 1948 1968- One had to have a father/ grandfather from the UK 1971- Immigration act 1965- Race relations act --> illegal to refuse housing, employment or public services based on race colour or origin 1968- Race relations act closed loopholes.
54
European Unions Migrants Causes
PULL - economic migrants, moved for jobs or retirement - ex-communist countries came to the UK for the economy
55
European Unions Migrants Experinces
BADISH - 300,000 Europeans living in the UK - Polish corner shops people thought that they "took British jobs" - anti-immigration in working class
56
European Unions Migrants Impact
BIGGISH - Business grows took unwanted jobs - Increasing population, some stayed using public benefits
57
Jewish Migrants Causes 1900+
PUSH - Fleeing persecution & discrimination - Immediate entry for under 17s as long as financial responsibly was taken care of by charities or family
58
Jewish Migrants Experiences 1900+
OKAYISH - somewhat accepted, faced anti semistism - children taken in but otherwise hard to enter country
59
Jewish Migrants Impact 1900+
- many left for Israel, USA, or Europe at end of war - Many scientist made discoveries after fleeing
60
Polish & Eastern European Migrants 1900+ Cause
PULL/PUSH - Poland occupied, Britain closest ally - Eastern European countries became communist
61
Polish & Eastern European Migrants 1900 + Experiences
OKAYISH - Helped war effort, airforce + enigma - Trade Unions began to accept them
62
Polish & Eastern European Migrants 1900+ Impacts
LITTLE - filled jobs in RAF and other unwanted jobs
63
German Migrants 1900+ Causes
PUSH - Fleeing wars - Fleeing Nazis
64
German Migrants WW1 Experiences
- Germans living in Britain had to prove that they support the UK - 32,000 interned at camps - properties attacked, windows broken
65
German Migrants WW2 Experiences
- Government set up tribunals to determine loyalty - Interred by government including German jews - Government soon changed policy and most freed
66
German Migrants Impacts
LITTLE - some changed surnames
67
Sailors(Lascars) Causes
PULL - Drafted sailors caused lack of sailors, lascars filled gabs in jobs - Many had homes in port towns
68
Sailors(Lascars) Experiences
BAD - 1919 had workers turn on them as lascars had "stolen jobs" while they were away - Bad fighting in Cardiff, constable blamed white people but thought that lascars should be sent "back to countries of origin"
69
Sailors Impact
John Archer first black person to hold office
70
Belgian Causes of Migration
PUSH -250,000 fleeing German invasion of Belgium
71
Belgian Migrants Experiences
GOOD - charites found them places to live, they were greeted warmly - people grew to resent them - made to leave by end of war, 90% had left after 12 months

History Paper 2 (2 decks)

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