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Biology > Midyear exam > Flashcards

Midyear exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure with a membrane containing DNA which controls the structure and function of a cell

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2
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Organisms with genetic material in a nucleus

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3
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Organisms that do not have a nucleus

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Specialised structures inside the cytoplasm of cells that perform functions for the cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel like material with Incel which is enclosed by cell membrane

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

The powerhouse of the cell which is 02️⃣- food to release energy for the cell

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8
Q

Vacuole

A

Fluid filled bag cytoplasm of most plant cells

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid layer located on the outside of the plant cells

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10
Q

DNA

A

The material found in the cells that carries the hereditary information

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11
Q

What do the cell structures have in common

A

They all have cell membranes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus (in most eukaryotic cell)
Vacuole

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12
Q

What happens if the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol is where chemical vital chemical reactions take place

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13
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

It contains the DNA and cell

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14
Q

What does the mitochondria combine with

A

The mitrochondrial combines with food molecules + O2️⃣=
Release energy for the cell

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15
Q

What is the typical plant cell look like

A

See on page 5 of textbook

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16
Q

What does the typical animal cell look like

A

See on page 5 of textbook

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17
Q

What’s the difference between plant cells and animal cells

A

Plant cells have cell walls and cell membranes that gives its shape and protects the cell

Animals cells have no cell wall but only have cell membrane

Plant cells are usually larger more firm and inflexible

Animal cells are smaller and have no fixed form

Plant cell has a large vacuole

Animal cell usually have no vacuole but if there is it is small

Plant cells have chloroplast

Animal cells do not have chloroplast

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18
Q

What does what do the specialised cells have

A

They all have different functions because they have different structures which allows them to have different functions

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19
Q

What are stem cells

A

Unspecialised cells which can divide and develop into many different types of specialise cells

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20
Q

What are the stem cells to the body

A

They are bodies raw material and the cells from which all other cells with specialised functions are generated

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21
Q

Where are stem cells found in what do they include

A

Stem cells are found in the bone marrow
They include:
Blood cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells or brain cells

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22
Q

What are the different types of specialised cells

A

Epithelial cells= flat like rectangle
Muscle cells= long and spindle shaped
Nerve cells= very long with branched
ends
Red blood cells= round and biconcave
shaped

See in workbook

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23
Q

What are the functions of the specialised cell

A

Epithelial cells covered the surface of body for protection

Muscle cells contract and relax to allow the movement within the body

Nerve cells have specialised to transfer electrical impulse in the nerve that coordinate body functions

Red blood cells carry O2️⃣ and CO2️⃣ throughout the body

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24
Q

Unicellular

A

Organisms that are made up of one cell. Single celled organisms all functions performs are done in this one cell

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25
Q

Multicellular

A

Organisms that is made up of multiple cells

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26
Q

Specialise cells

A

Cells that perform a particular function

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27
Q

What’s the difference between microscopic and microscopic organisms

A

Microscopic organisms are unicellular organisms because they can be seen with a microscope

Microscopic organisms are multicellular organisms because they can be seen with the naked eye

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28
Q

Macroscopic organisms

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Nerve
Red blood cells

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29
Q

What is the form of energy does the sun produce

A

Radiance energy

30
Q

What is the form of energy does the sun produce

A

Radiance energy

31
Q

What is the form of energy does the sun produce

A

Radiance energy

32
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis 

A

Seen page 7 of natural science grade 8A textbook

33
Q

What is Embryo

A

Unborn offspring in the process of development.(early development stage)

34
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cell
Sperm and egg

35
Q

Genetic information

A

Inherited information that is passed down from parent of

36
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals made by glands and is responsible for the activities in the organ.

37
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Structure in the brain which produces hormones

38
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A

Change in the bodies of male and female that happened during puberty

39
Q

Reproduction

A

To produce offspring

40
Q

Menstruation

A

Breakdown of the lining of the uterus that contains many blood vessels

41
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of ripe egg from the ovary

42
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised egg

43
Q

Implantation

A

Embryo sinks into the lining of the uterus that contains many blood vessels 

44
Q

What are the main processes of reproduction

A

Gross to increase size and cell
Cell division which is the multiplication of cells for growth
Copulation is the sexual intercourse
Ovulation is the release of female gametes from the ovary

45
Q

The female reproductive system diagram

A

C after the 14 April 2024 notes 

46
Q

Male reproductive system diagram

A

See after 14th April notes in workbook

47
Q

Male fraternity

A

Increase age
Smoking
Stress
Poor diet
Excessive exposure of testes to heat
Damage to testes

48
Q

Female infertility

A

Damage to ovary
Blockage of fallopian tubes
(Caused by STDs )

Which stand for sexually transmitted diseases
It causes inflation to the eternal parts of body

49
Q

Diagram of sperm cell

A

In workbook after June 23 notes

50
Q

Diagram of egg cell

A

See in workbook after April 23 notes

51
Q

Fertilisation of male

A

Sperm in male testes
Sperm is consistently produced by self division
Composes of head mid piece and tail
Stored in epididymis
Fuses with the egg to form a zygote

52
Q

Fertilisation of the egg

A

Formed in female ovary
Produced by cell divisions every 28 days
Is released from the ovary during ovulation
Fertilisation takes place in fallopian tube

53
Q

Puberty in boys

A

Deeper voice
Oily skin
Increase in muscle mass
Growth spurt
Wider shoulders
Testosterone

54
Q

Puberty in girls

A

Oily skin
Starts of menstruation
Ovulation
Growth of body hair
Oestrogen
Production of egg cells in ovaries

55
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs where gaseous exchange takes place

56
Q

Breathing

A

The flow of air coming in and out of lungs

57
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The exchange of gases between between the blood lungs and the cells

58
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules of a substance when he goes from a high concentration to a low concentration

59
Q

What does the alveoli consist of

A

Bronchiolus
Capillary networks

60
Q

Picture or diagram of respiratory system

A

Page 24 of text book

61
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels transporting blood away from the heart

62
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessel in the circulatory system

63
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels transporting blood towards the heart

64
Q

What is the main processes of the circulatory system

A

Circulating blood between the heart and the lungs.

Blood to lungs = low in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide
Blood to heart= low in carbon dioxide and rich in oxygen

The heart pumps oxygen rich blood from the lungs to every living cell in the rest of the body

Gaseous exchange happens when cells do not have enough oxygen

65
Q

Internal structure of the heart

A

Consist of four chambers
Two upper chambers which are the atriums
To lower chambers which are the ventricles

Septum is the walls that separate left in the right sides preventing the mixing of deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood

Left side = oxygenated blood
Right side = oxygenated blood

These are the ventricles pumping blood

66
Q

What kind of circulatory system do humans have

A

A close circulatory system which means the blood remains within the blood vessels

67
Q

What is the arteries do in the circulatory system

A

The bring oxygen rich blood from the heart to all the body cells

68
Q

What did the veins do in the circulatory system

A

They collect the deoxygenated blood and return it into the heart

69
Q

What do the capillaries do in the circulatory system

A

The delicate blood vessels that transport blood between the arteries and veins

70
Q

What is the difference between arteries capillaries and veins

A

Arteries transported blood away from heart two tissues
Capillaries transport blood between arteries and veins
Veins transport blood from tissues

Arteries have oxygenated blood
Capillaries have both kind of bloods
Veins have deoxygenated blood

Arteries blood moves at high-pressure
Capillary blood move it lower pressure
Veins blood moves at low pressure

Arteries have no valves
Capillaries have no valves
Veins have blood to prevent backflow due to low pressure

Biology (5 decks)

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