Midterms_Lecture_Skeletal System Flashcards
General function of bones where the formation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells found in the bone marrow.
hematopoiesis
General funtion of bones where bone is a reservoir holding
adipose tissue within the bone marrow and calcium within
the hydroxyapatite crystals.
lipid and mineral storage
General function where bones form the framework and shape of the body.
Support
Bone General Function where the axial skeleton which surrounds the major organs of the body.
Protection
Bone general function where it is used for movement
Leverage for locomotion
Give the two organizations of the skeletal tissues
Skeleton
-Exoskeleton: Keratinized / Bony
-Endoskeleton: Bony endoskeleton, Cartilogenous, notochord
Skeleton
-Cranial Skeleton: splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, dermatocranium
- Postcranial: Axial skeleton (Vertebral column, notochord), Appendicula skeleton (limbs and Girdle)
Enumerate the origin of the mineralized tissues
Mesenchyme: Collagen, Scleroblast, Myoblast
Scleroblast: Osteocytes-bone, Chondroblast- cartilage, Odontoblast-teeth, Ameloblast, enamel
Explain the synthesis of cartilage and bone
A preliminary step in the formation of skeletal tissues is the synthesis of collagen by the fibroblast. Collagen is a proteinaceous fibril. Fibrils aggregate to form collagen fibers. The fibers form dense collagen bundles that are woven into a compact network of dense connective tissue like that found in dermis, tendons and ligaments. It is on this network that minerals are deposited to form cartilage and bone.
State organic and inorganic bone compositions
Organic: Collagen fibers, CHON, Polyssacharides
Inorganic: Calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, Hydroxyapatite ions
Each end of the long bone is called the?
epiphysis
What comprises longbones?
spongy and compact bone
is a flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
epiphyseal plate
The site of bone growth
Epiphyseal plate
This is a remainder that can still be seen in adults once growth has stopped.
epiphyseal line
The epiphysis is covered with what type of cartilage?
articular
Articular cartilage is made of what cartilage?
Hyaline
Purpose of articular cartilage in epiphysis?
decrease friction
The long shaft of the bone is called the?. It makes up most of the bone’s length.
diaphysis
diaphysis is made of what type of long bone?
compact
The outside of the diaphysis is covered by?
periosteum
It is a fibrous connective tissue membrane
periosteum
What are these fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone?
sharpey’s fibers
Is a thin layer of connective tissue lines the inside of the bony tissue, creating the medullary cavity.
endosteum
The hollow inside of the bone is referred to as the?
medullary cavity