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NCM 106 Pharmacology > MIDTERMS_Immune System > Flashcards

MIDTERMS_Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

other term for antibiotics

A

ANTIMICROBIALS

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2
Q

what are substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill it and other microorganisms?

A

Antibacterials and antimicrobials

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3
Q

2 actions of antibiotics

A

inhibit the growth of bacteria

kill it and other microorganisms

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4
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibit the growth of bacteria

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5
Q

bactericidal

A

kill it and other microorganisms

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6
Q

what are single cell prokaryotes lacking a true nucleus and nucleus membrane which has a rigid cell wall?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

give 5 MECHANISMS OF ACTION for antibiotics

A
  1. Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
  2. lead to thinning of cell wall
  3. cytoplasm osmotically unstable
  4. bacterialysis
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8
Q

what causes resistance in antibiotics

A

prior exposure to the antibacterial

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9
Q

give example of bacterial resitance

A

Staphylococcus aureus was once sensitive to penicillin G; previous exposures have caused this organism to become resistant to it.

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10
Q

give example of natural resistance without previous exposure to drug

A

the gram negative (non-gram-staining) bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to penicillin G.

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11
Q

take antibiotic as prescribed. why?

A

otherwise bacteria and body becomes resistant

and will need higher dose

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12
Q

give 3 general adverse reactions of antibiotics

A

Allergic reactions
Super impose infection
Organ toxicity

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13
Q

adverse allergic reactions in antibiotics

A

rash pruritus
hives
anaphylaxis

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14
Q

adverse Organ toxicity in antibiotics

A

liver and kidney

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15
Q

what to do to avoid allergic reactions in antibiotic administration for IV>

A

NST

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16
Q

primarily effective against one type of organism

A

Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

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17
Q

act on specific types of bacteria

A

Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

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18
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotic examples

A

tetracycline and cephalosporins

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19
Q

frequently used to treat infections when the offending microorganism has not been identified by C & S.

A

Broad- spectrum

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20
Q

4 derivatives of Penicillin

A

Broad spectrum PCN (Aminopenicillins)

Penicillinase resistant PCN (Antistaphylococcal)

Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal)

Beta – Lactamase Inhibitors

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21
Q

drug class of Amoxicillin

A

Broad spectrum PCN

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22
Q

drug class of Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase resistant PCN

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23
Q

Trade Names of Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil Amoclav

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24
Q

Trade Names of Dicloxacillin

A

Dynapen, Dycill

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25
SIDE EFFECTS AND ADR of penicillin
Hypersensitivity, thrombophlebitis Superinfection,electrolyte imbalance other common GI disturbances
26
PRECAUTIONS AND C/I
nursing moms with asthma renal impairment h/x of hypersensitivity to PCN and cephalosporin
27
assess for any type of allergy to PCN or cephalosporins
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
28
check labs liver fxn test, AST, ALT
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
29
C&S
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
30
S/S of superinfection, anal or genital discharge with long-term therapy
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
31
pag magadminister ng antibioitic ano una muna gagawin?
C& S
32
bakit mag C&S
para makita kung senstive or resistant ba antibitotic doon
33
Have epinephrine ready for severe reactions
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
34
Admin oral form on empty stomach with a full glass of water
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
35
should be taken with meals kahit na baba effectiveness
causes ulcerations, hypersensitvity
36
Avoid oral PCNs with milk, fruit juices, soft drinks
it reduces effectivity
37
If GI disturbances occur,
may give small frequent meals to ensure adequate nutrition
38
to avoid resistance what should be done?
Advise to take full course regardless if feeling better
39
from fungus named Cephalosporium acremonium
CEPHALOSPORINS
40
what are the Genrations of Cephalosporins
First Generation second generations third Generation
41
effective against gram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria
First Generation
42
examples of ram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella
43
2nd generation generic names
cefaclor | cefuroxime
44
effective against gram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria
First Generation
45
examples of ram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella
46
example of 1st generation antibiotics
cephalexin | cefradine
47
1st generations antibiotics are effective against what bacteria?
H. inflluenzae, enterobacter Aerogenes, Neisseria
48
2nd generation generic names
cefaclor | cefuroxime
49
same as 1st and 2nd but less effective vs gram + more potent vs gram – bacteria
2nd generation
50
2nd generations antibioticsare effective against what bacteria?
pseudomonas a., serratia
51
example of 3rd generation antibiotics
cefotaxime ceftazidime ceftriaxone
52
still in dev’t ctive against gram – and + and P. aeroginosa
Fourth Gen
53
example of 4th generation antibiotics
cefipime
54
allergic to penicillin they are also allergic to?
cephalosphorin
55
M A C R O L I D E S examples
Azithromycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin
56
used to treat mild to moderate infxns of respi tract, sinuses, GI, skin and soft tissue, STD’S
M A C R O L I D E S
57
drug class Azithromycin
: antibacterial macrolide
58
trade names
ZITHROMAX
59
DOSAGE
A: PO : 250-500 mg/d C: PO: 5-10mg/kg/d IV: 500mg/d
60
1st broad spectrum antibiotic effective against gram + and – bacteria and other organisms (e.g. mycobacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes, chlamydiae)
T E T R A C Y C L I N E S
61
acne treatment
tetracyclines
62
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and bacteriostatic also used for severe acne vulgaris
tetracyclines
63
Doxycycline
antibacterial tetracycline
64
nursing responsibility for tetracycline
instruct to store out of light and extreme heat
65
teratogenic effect
cautioned for pregnant women
66
teratogenic effect
cautioned for pregnant women
67
last antibiotic presecribed and in small amounts
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
68
examples of aminoglycosides
Gentamicin (Garamycin) Amikacin (Amikin) Neomycin (Mycifradin)
69
PRECAUTIONS AND C/I
known allergies to drug | hepatic and renal dysfunction
70
GUT infections
FLUOROQUINOLONES
71
FLUOROQUINOLONES
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) | Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
72
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) | Cotrimoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)
SULFONAMIDES

NCM 106 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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