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NCM 106 Pharmacology > MIDTERMS_Immune System > Flashcards

MIDTERMS_Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

other term for antibiotics

A

ANTIMICROBIALS

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2
Q

what are substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill it and other microorganisms?

A

Antibacterials and antimicrobials

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3
Q

2 actions of antibiotics

A

inhibit the growth of bacteria

kill it and other microorganisms

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4
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibit the growth of bacteria

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5
Q

bactericidal

A

kill it and other microorganisms

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6
Q

what are single cell prokaryotes lacking a true nucleus and nucleus membrane which has a rigid cell wall?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

give 5 MECHANISMS OF ACTION for antibiotics

A
  1. Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
  2. lead to thinning of cell wall
  3. cytoplasm osmotically unstable
  4. bacterialysis
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8
Q

what causes resistance in antibiotics

A

prior exposure to the antibacterial

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9
Q

give example of bacterial resitance

A

Staphylococcus aureus was once sensitive to penicillin G; previous exposures have caused this organism to become resistant to it.

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10
Q

give example of natural resistance without previous exposure to drug

A

the gram negative (non-gram-staining) bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to penicillin G.

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11
Q

take antibiotic as prescribed. why?

A

otherwise bacteria and body becomes resistant

and will need higher dose

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12
Q

give 3 general adverse reactions of antibiotics

A

Allergic reactions
Super impose infection
Organ toxicity

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13
Q

adverse allergic reactions in antibiotics

A

rash pruritus
hives
anaphylaxis

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14
Q

adverse Organ toxicity in antibiotics

A

liver and kidney

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15
Q

what to do to avoid allergic reactions in antibiotic administration for IV>

A

NST

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16
Q

primarily effective against one type of organism

A

Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

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17
Q

act on specific types of bacteria

A

Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

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18
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotic examples

A

tetracycline and cephalosporins

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19
Q

frequently used to treat infections when the offending microorganism has not been identified by C & S.

A

Broad- spectrum

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20
Q

4 derivatives of Penicillin

A

Broad spectrum PCN (Aminopenicillins)

Penicillinase resistant PCN (Antistaphylococcal)

Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal)

Beta – Lactamase Inhibitors

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21
Q

drug class of Amoxicillin

A

Broad spectrum PCN

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22
Q

drug class of Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase resistant PCN

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23
Q

Trade Names of Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil Amoclav

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24
Q

Trade Names of Dicloxacillin

A

Dynapen, Dycill

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25
Q

SIDE EFFECTS AND ADR of penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity, thrombophlebitis
Superinfection,electrolyte imbalance
other common GI disturbances

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26
Q

PRECAUTIONS AND C/I

A

nursing moms
with asthma
renal impairment
h/x of hypersensitivity to PCN and cephalosporin

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27
Q

assess for any type of allergy to PCN or cephalosporins

A

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

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28
Q

check labs liver fxn test, AST, ALT

A

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

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29
Q

C&S

A

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

30
Q

S/S of superinfection, anal or genital discharge with long-term therapy

A

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

31
Q

pag magadminister ng antibioitic ano una muna gagawin?

32
Q

bakit mag C&S

A

para makita kung senstive or resistant ba antibitotic doon

33
Q

Have epinephrine ready for severe reactions

A

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

34
Q

Admin oral form on empty stomach with a full glass of water

A

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

35
Q

should be taken with meals kahit na baba effectiveness

A

causes ulcerations, hypersensitvity

36
Q

Avoid oral PCNs with milk, fruit juices, soft drinks

A

it reduces effectivity

37
Q

If GI disturbances occur,

A

may give small frequent meals to ensure adequate nutrition

38
Q

to avoid resistance what should be done?

A

Advise to take full course regardless if feeling better

39
Q

from fungus named Cephalosporium acremonium

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

40
Q

what are the Genrations of Cephalosporins

A

First Generation
second generations
third Generation

41
Q

effective against gram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria

A

First Generation

42
Q

examples of ram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria

A

Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella

43
Q

2nd generation generic names

A

cefaclor

cefuroxime

44
Q

effective against gram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria

A

First Generation

45
Q

examples of ram + bacteria and some gram – bacteria

A

Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella

46
Q

example of 1st generation antibiotics

A

cephalexin

cefradine

47
Q

1st generations antibiotics are effective against what bacteria?

A

H. inflluenzae, enterobacter Aerogenes, Neisseria

48
Q

2nd generation generic names

A

cefaclor

cefuroxime

49
Q

same as 1st and 2nd but less effective vs gram + more potent vs gram – bacteria

A

2nd generation

50
Q

2nd generations antibioticsare effective against what bacteria?

A

pseudomonas a., serratia

51
Q

example of 3rd generation antibiotics

A

cefotaxime
ceftazidime
ceftriaxone

52
Q

still in dev’t ctive against gram – and + and P. aeroginosa

A

Fourth Gen

53
Q

example of 4th generation antibiotics

54
Q

allergic to penicillin they are also allergic to?

A

cephalosphorin

55
Q

M A C R O L I D E S examples

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

56
Q

used to treat mild to moderate infxns of respi tract, sinuses, GI, skin and soft tissue, STD’S

A

M A C R O L I D E S

57
Q

drug class Azithromycin

A

: antibacterial macrolide

58
Q

trade names

59
Q

DOSAGE

A

A: PO : 250-500 mg/d
C: PO: 5-10mg/kg/d
IV: 500mg/d

60
Q

1st broad spectrum antibiotic effective against gram + and – bacteria and other organisms (e.g. mycobacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes, chlamydiae)

A

T E T R A C Y C L I N E S

61
Q

acne treatment

A

tetracyclines

62
Q

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and bacteriostatic also used for severe acne vulgaris

A

tetracyclines

63
Q

Doxycycline

A

antibacterial tetracycline

64
Q

nursing responsibility for tetracycline

A

instruct to store out of light and extreme heat

65
Q

teratogenic effect

A

cautioned for pregnant women

66
Q

teratogenic effect

A

cautioned for pregnant women

67
Q

last antibiotic presecribed and in small amounts

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

68
Q

examples of aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Amikacin (Amikin)
Neomycin (Mycifradin)

69
Q

PRECAUTIONS AND C/I

A

known allergies to drug

hepatic and renal dysfunction

70
Q

GUT infections

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

71
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Norfloxacin (Noroxin)

72
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

Cotrimoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)

A

SULFONAMIDES

NCM 106 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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