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NCM 106 Pharmacology > MIDTERMS_ENDOCRINE DRUGS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS_ENDOCRINE DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the master gland in the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

other term for pituitary gland

A

hypophysis

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3
Q

two major divisions of pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophyisis

Adenohypophysis

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4
Q

What does the posterior lobe produce?

A

antidiueretic hormone
vasopressin
oxytocin

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5
Q

What does the posterior lobe produce? (6)

A 
Growth hormone
 prolactin
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic)
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
 FSH and LH
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6
Q

What does the posterior lobe produce? (6)

A 
Growth hormone
 prolactin
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic)
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
 FSH and LH
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7
Q

HORMONES OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS

are available clinically as purified preparations

A

GH, ACTH and TSH

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8
Q

GH, ACTH and TSH are available clinically

A

purified preparations

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9
Q

why should GH, ACTH and TSH be given parenterally?

A

because they would be quickly destroyed in gastric juice if taken by mouth

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10
Q

HORMONES OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS

naturally derived products

A

ACTH and TSH

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11
Q

ACTH and TSH use is associated with

A

possibility of allergic reactions

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12
Q

what two gonadotropins are extracted from the urine of pregnant and postmenopausal women?

A

FSH and LH

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13
Q

unavailable for therapeutic use

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

give the action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete all its hormones

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15
Q

give the 3 injections for ACTH

A

Corticotropin injection
Repository corticotropin injection
Corticotropin zinc injection

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16
Q

what type of hormone does Corticotropin injection produce?

A

ACTH

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17
Q

precautions for administration of zinc preparations

A

do not administer subcutaneously

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18
Q

give 2 medications for SYNTHETIC GROWTH HORMONE

A

Somatrem

Somatropin

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19
Q

Increases linear bone growth in a manner therapeutically equivalent to that of endogenous human GH

A

SYNTHETIC GROWTH HORMONE

  1. Somatrem
  2. Somatropin
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20
Q

Increases linear bone growth in a manner therapeutically equivalent to that of endogenous human GH

A

SYNTHETIC GROWTH HORMONE

  1. Somatrem
  2. Somatropin
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21
Q

Thyrotropin is an example of what hormone?

A

TSH

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22
Q

2 uses of thyrotropin

A
  1. differential diagnosis of primary from secondary hypothyroidism
  2. diagnosis of decreased thyroid reserve
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23
Q

Give 2 medications for GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONES

A

Nafarelin acetate

Histrelin acetate

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24
Q

what happens when you administer Nafarelin acetate and Histrelin acetate daily? what does it lead to?

A

gradually decreases secretion of gonadal steroids

  • diminished testicular and ovarian function
  • secondary sexual characteristics regress
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25
Q

what is Nafarelin acetate and Histrelin acetate used for? (2)

A
  • control of the manifestations of central precocious puberty in children of both sexes
  • treatment of endometriosis for 18 and above
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26
Q

Nafarelin is available in what form?

A

nasal spray

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27
Q

Histrelin is given?

A

subcutaneously

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28
Q

what are the side effects of Nafarelin acetate and Histrelin acetate?

A

=Increase incidence of tumor

  • hot flashes
  • headache
  • vaginal bleeding
  • local reactions
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29
Q

HORMONES OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS

what hormone does vasopressin contain?

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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30
Q

function of antidiuretic hormone

A

Promotes reabsorption of water from the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney

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31
Q

function of oxytocin

A
  • Contraction of uterine smooth muscles

- contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the ducts of the mammary gland (lactation)

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32
Q

what are the 2 synthetic analogue of vasopressin?

A

B. DESMOPRESSIN

C. LYPRESSIN

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33
Q

after administration of Oxytocin what is the nursing intervention

A

Monitor BP after administration

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34
Q

give the 2 NONHYPOPHYSIAL OXYTOCICS medications

A

ERGONOVINE

METHYERGONOVINE

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35
Q

An alkaloid obtained from ergot, a fungus that grows on the rye plant

A

ERGONOVINE

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36
Q

semisynthetic derivative of ergonovine, exert a more prolonged oxytocic action than oxytocin itself

A

METHYERGONOVINE

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37
Q

give 2 THYROID HORMONES

A

T4 – thyroxine

T3 – triiodothyronine

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38
Q

what is the function of the thyroid hormones?

A
  • Regulates metabolic activities
  • CV functions
  • temperature regulation
  • muscle activity
  • water and electrolyte balance
  • reproduction.
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39
Q

describe the onset and activity of ANTITHYROID DRUGS

A

Onset of action is slow and their activity is prolonged

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40
Q

overstimulation of the gland by circulating immunoglobulins synthesized by B lymphocytes

A

Hyperthyroidism

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41
Q

give the 3 therapies that is done for hyperthyroidism

A
  1. surgery
  2. use of radioactive iodide to destroy thyroid tissue
  3. administration of antithyroid drugs that interfere with synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
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42
Q

how does the administration of antithyroid drugs help in hyperthyroidism?

A

interfere with synthesis and release of thyroid hormones

43
Q

Give the 4 examples of medications for hyperthyroidism

A

LEVOTHYROXINE
LIOTHYRONINE
LIOTRIX
DESSICATED THYROID

44
Q

what is LEVOTHYROXINE used for?

A

Hypothyroidism

45
Q

what is LIOTHYRONINE used for?

A

Hypothyroidism

46
Q

what is LIOTRIX used for?

A

Hypothyroidism

47
Q

what is DESSICATED THYROID used for?

A

hyperthyroidism

48
Q 
the action for:
LEVOTHYROXINE
LIOTHYRONINE
LIOTRIX
DESSICATED THYROID
A

Bind to receptors on cellular surfaces increasing uptake of glucose and amino acids

49
Q 
side effects of:
LEVOTHYROXINE
LIOTHYRONINE
LIOTRIX
DESSICATED THYROID
A

palpitations
nervousness
sweating
tachycardia

50
Q

give 2 examples of drug for ANTITHYROID DRUGS

A

METHIMAZOLE

PROPYLTHIOURACIL

51
Q

what is METHIMAZOLE used for?

A

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

52
Q

what is PROPYLTHIOURACIL used for?

A

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

53
Q

why is antithyroid drugs the initial treatment of choice?

A

Do not tend to damage thyroid tissue beyond repair

54
Q

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL

describe length of clinical delays

A

often delayed for several weeks

55
Q

give the action of antithyroid drugs

A

Inhibit the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones by inhibiting the peroxidase enzyme system That catalyzes the conversion of iodide to iodine thus reducing the concentration of free iodine available for reaction with tyrosine.

56
Q

give the action of antithyroid drugs

A

Do not inactivate existing T3 and T4 nor interfere with the action of exogenously administered thyroid hormones

57
Q

what are the side effects of
METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL?

A

skin rash
itching
nausea
epigastric distress

58
Q

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL

how will you administer these?

A

Administer in three equally divided doses at 8 hour intervals

59
Q

nursing intervention for

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACI

A

Monitor weight and pulse – weight loss and increased pulse or tremor indicate inadequate response

60
Q

what is important in treating thyroid storm and reduce size and vascularity of thyroid gland before thyroidectomy

A

IODINE AND IODIDE COMPOUNDS

61
Q

what drug is contraindicated in hyperkalemia?

A

Potassium iodide

62
Q

Potassium iodide is cautioned for?

A

Cautious use in pregnant women

63
Q

give the 3 types of

ANTIDIABETICS AND INSULINS

A

A. RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING
B. INTERMEDIATE ACTING
C. LONG ACTING

64
Q

describe type I diabetes

A

insulin dependent

65
Q

describe type II diabetes

A

insulin resistant

66
Q

give two examples of RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING medications

A

Novolin R

Humulin R

67
Q

what type of insulin medication is Novolin R?

A

RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING

68
Q

what type of insulin medication is Humulin R?

A

RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING

69
Q

describe the onset of Novolin R, Humulin R

A

Onset: ½ to 1 hour

70
Q

describe the Peak action of Novolin R, Humulin R

A

Peak action: 2 to 4 hours

71
Q

describe the Duration of Novolin R, Humulin R

A

Duration: 6 to 8 hours

72
Q

what insulin is the most suitable for IV use

A

Regular insulin (Novolin R, Humulin R)

73
Q

when should you administer Regular Acting insulin (Novolin R, Humulin R) ?

A

15- 30 minutes before meals

74
Q

true or false?

Regular insulin (Novolin R, Humulin R)
can be administered subcutaneously?
A

true

75
Q

describe consistency of INTERMEDIATE ACTING in a vial

A

Cloudy suspension

76
Q

give examples of Insulin zinc preparation

A

Lente

Humulin L

77
Q

what type of drug is Lente?

A

Insulin zinc preparation

78
Q

what type of drug is Humulin L?

A

Insulin zinc preparation

79
Q

Insulin zinc preparation (Lente, Humulin L)

What is the Onset?

A

1 to 2 hours

80
Q

Insulin zinc preparation (Lente, Humulin L)

What is the Peak action?

A

: 8 to 15 hours

81
Q

Insulin zinc preparation (Lente, Humulin L)

What is the Duration?

A

18 to 24 hours

82
Q

give examples of Isophane insulin preparation

A

NPH, Humulin N

83
Q

what type of drug is NPH?

A

Isophane insulin preparation

84
Q

what type of drug is Humulin N?

A

Isophane insulin preparation

85
Q

Isophane insulin preparation (NPH, Humulin N)

What is the Onset?

A

Onset: 1 to 1.5 hours

86
Q

Isophane insulin preparation (NPH, Humulin N)

What is the Peak action?

A

Peak action: 4 to 12 hours

87
Q

Isophane insulin preparation (NPH, Humulin N)

What is the Duration?

A

Duration: 18 to 24 hours

88
Q

give examples of LONG ACTING insulins

A
  • Ultralente

- Humulin U

89
Q

LONG ACTING
Ultralente, Humulin U

What is the Onset?

A

Onset: 4 to 8 hours

90
Q

LONG ACTING
Ultralente, Humulin U

What is the Peak action?

A

Peak action: 12 to 24 hours

91
Q

LONG ACTING
Ultralente, Humulin U

What is the Duration?

A

Duration: >36 hours

92
Q

give two generations for oral antidiabetics

A

A. FIRST GENERATION

B. SECOND GENERATION

93
Q

give examples of ORAL ANTIDIABETICS

A. FIRST GENERATION

A
  • Acetohexamide (Dymelor)
  • Chlorpropamide (Diabenese)
  • Tolazamide (Tolinase)
  • Tolbutamide (Orinase)
94
Q

Acetohexamide

A

Dymelor

95
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

Diabenese

96
Q

Tolazamide

A

Tolinase

97
Q

Tolbutamide

A

Orinase

98
Q

what generation of oral antidiabetic is Acetohexamide (Dymelor)

A

FIRST GENERATION

99
Q

what generation of oral antidiabetic is Chlorpropamide (Diabenese)

A

FIRST GENERATION

100
Q

what generation of oral antidiabetic is Tolazamide (Tolinase)

A

FIRST GENERATION

101
Q

what generation of oral antidiabetic is Tolbutamide (Orinase)

A

FIRST GENERATION

102
Q

what generation of oral antidiabetic is Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

SECOND GENERATION

103
Q

what generation of oral antidiabetic is Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)

A

SECOND GENERATION

104
Q

give 2 examples of second generation oral antidiabetics

A
  • Glipizide (Glucotrol)

- Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)

NCM 106 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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