MIDTERMS_ENDOCRINE DRUGS Flashcards
1
Q
what is the master gland in the endocrine system
A
Pituitary gland
2
Q
other term for pituitary gland
A
hypophysis
3
Q
two major divisions of pituitary gland
A
Neurohypophyisis
Adenohypophysis
4
Q
What does the posterior lobe produce?
A
antidiueretic hormone
vasopressin
oxytocin
5
Q
What does the posterior lobe produce? (6)
A
Growth hormone prolactin ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic) TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) FSH and LH
6
Q
What does the posterior lobe produce? (6)
A
Growth hormone prolactin ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic) TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) FSH and LH
7
Q
HORMONES OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
are available clinically as purified preparations
A
GH, ACTH and TSH
8
Q
GH, ACTH and TSH are available clinically
A
purified preparations
9
Q
why should GH, ACTH and TSH be given parenterally?
A
because they would be quickly destroyed in gastric juice if taken by mouth
10
Q
HORMONES OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
naturally derived products
A
ACTH and TSH
11
Q
ACTH and TSH use is associated with
A
possibility of allergic reactions
12
Q
what two gonadotropins are extracted from the urine of pregnant and postmenopausal women?
A
FSH and LH
13
Q
unavailable for therapeutic use
A
Prolactin
14
Q
give the action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone
A
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete all its hormones
15
Q
give the 3 injections for ACTH
A
Corticotropin injection
Repository corticotropin injection
Corticotropin zinc injection
16
Q
what type of hormone does Corticotropin injection produce?
A
ACTH
17
Q
precautions for administration of zinc preparations
A
do not administer subcutaneously
18
Q
give 2 medications for SYNTHETIC GROWTH HORMONE
A
Somatrem
Somatropin
19
Q
Increases linear bone growth in a manner therapeutically equivalent to that of endogenous human GH
A
SYNTHETIC GROWTH HORMONE
- Somatrem
- Somatropin
20
Q
Increases linear bone growth in a manner therapeutically equivalent to that of endogenous human GH
A
SYNTHETIC GROWTH HORMONE
- Somatrem
- Somatropin
21
Q
Thyrotropin is an example of what hormone?
A
TSH
22
Q
2 uses of thyrotropin
A
- differential diagnosis of primary from secondary hypothyroidism
- diagnosis of decreased thyroid reserve
23
Q
Give 2 medications for GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONES
A
Nafarelin acetate
Histrelin acetate
24
Q
what happens when you administer Nafarelin acetate and Histrelin acetate daily? what does it lead to?
A
gradually decreases secretion of gonadal steroids
- diminished testicular and ovarian function
- secondary sexual characteristics regress
25
what is Nafarelin acetate and Histrelin acetate used for? (2)
- control of the manifestations of central precocious puberty in children of both sexes
- treatment of endometriosis for 18 and above
26
Nafarelin is available in what form?
nasal spray
27
Histrelin is given?
subcutaneously
28
what are the side effects of Nafarelin acetate and Histrelin acetate?
=Increase incidence of tumor
- hot flashes
- headache
- vaginal bleeding
- local reactions
29
HORMONES OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
| what hormone does vasopressin contain?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
30
function of antidiuretic hormone
Promotes reabsorption of water from the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney
31
function of oxytocin
- Contraction of uterine smooth muscles
| - contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the ducts of the mammary gland (lactation)
32
what are the 2 synthetic analogue of vasopressin?
B. DESMOPRESSIN
| C. LYPRESSIN
33
after administration of Oxytocin what is the nursing intervention
Monitor BP after administration
34
give the 2 NONHYPOPHYSIAL OXYTOCICS medications
ERGONOVINE
| METHYERGONOVINE
35
An alkaloid obtained from ergot, a fungus that grows on the rye plant
ERGONOVINE
36
semisynthetic derivative of ergonovine, exert a more prolonged oxytocic action than oxytocin itself
METHYERGONOVINE
37
give 2 THYROID HORMONES
T4 – thyroxine
| T3 – triiodothyronine
38
what is the function of the thyroid hormones?
- Regulates metabolic activities
- CV functions
- temperature regulation
- muscle activity
- water and electrolyte balance
- reproduction.
39
describe the onset and activity of ANTITHYROID DRUGS
Onset of action is slow and their activity is prolonged
40
overstimulation of the gland by circulating immunoglobulins synthesized by B lymphocytes
Hyperthyroidism
41
give the 3 therapies that is done for hyperthyroidism
1. surgery
2. use of radioactive iodide to destroy thyroid tissue
3. administration of antithyroid drugs that interfere with synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
42
how does the administration of antithyroid drugs help in hyperthyroidism?
interfere with synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
43
Give the 4 examples of medications for hyperthyroidism
LEVOTHYROXINE
LIOTHYRONINE
LIOTRIX
DESSICATED THYROID
44
what is LEVOTHYROXINE used for?
Hypothyroidism
45
what is LIOTHYRONINE used for?
Hypothyroidism
46
what is LIOTRIX used for?
Hypothyroidism
47
what is DESSICATED THYROID used for?
hyperthyroidism
48
```
the action for:
LEVOTHYROXINE
LIOTHYRONINE
LIOTRIX
DESSICATED THYROID
```
Bind to receptors on cellular surfaces increasing uptake of glucose and amino acids
49
```
side effects of:
LEVOTHYROXINE
LIOTHYRONINE
LIOTRIX
DESSICATED THYROID
```
palpitations
nervousness
sweating
tachycardia
50
give 2 examples of drug for ANTITHYROID DRUGS
METHIMAZOLE
| PROPYLTHIOURACIL
51
what is METHIMAZOLE used for?
ANTITHYROID DRUGS
52
what is PROPYLTHIOURACIL used for?
ANTITHYROID DRUGS
53
why is antithyroid drugs the initial treatment of choice?
Do not tend to damage thyroid tissue beyond repair
54
ANTITHYROID DRUGS
METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
describe length of clinical delays
often delayed for several weeks
55
give the action of antithyroid drugs
Inhibit the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones by inhibiting the peroxidase enzyme system That catalyzes the conversion of iodide to iodine thus reducing the concentration of free iodine available for reaction with tyrosine.
56
give the action of antithyroid drugs
Do not inactivate existing T3 and T4 nor interfere with the action of exogenously administered thyroid hormones
57
what are the side effects of
METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL?
skin rash
itching
nausea
epigastric distress
58
ANTITHYROID DRUGS
METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
how will you administer these?
Administer in three equally divided doses at 8 hour intervals
59
nursing intervention for
ANTITHYROID DRUGS
METHIMAZOLE
PROPYLTHIOURACI
Monitor weight and pulse – weight loss and increased pulse or tremor indicate inadequate response
60
what is important in treating thyroid storm and reduce size and vascularity of thyroid gland before thyroidectomy
IODINE AND IODIDE COMPOUNDS
61
what drug is contraindicated in hyperkalemia?
Potassium iodide
62
Potassium iodide is cautioned for?
Cautious use in pregnant women
63
give the 3 types of
| ANTIDIABETICS AND INSULINS
A. RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING
B. INTERMEDIATE ACTING
C. LONG ACTING
64
describe type I diabetes
insulin dependent
65
describe type II diabetes
insulin resistant
66
give two examples of RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING medications
Novolin R
| Humulin R
67
what type of insulin medication is Novolin R?
RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING
68
what type of insulin medication is Humulin R?
RAPID/ REGULAR ACTING
69
describe the onset of Novolin R, Humulin R
Onset: ½ to 1 hour
70
describe the Peak action of Novolin R, Humulin R
Peak action: 2 to 4 hours
71
describe the Duration of Novolin R, Humulin R
Duration: 6 to 8 hours
72
what insulin is the most suitable for IV use
Regular insulin (Novolin R, Humulin R)
73
when should you administer Regular Acting insulin (Novolin R, Humulin R) ?
15- 30 minutes before meals
74
true or false?
```
Regular insulin (Novolin R, Humulin R)
can be administered subcutaneously?
```
true
75
describe consistency of INTERMEDIATE ACTING in a vial
Cloudy suspension
76
give examples of Insulin zinc preparation
Lente
| Humulin L
77
what type of drug is Lente?
Insulin zinc preparation
78
what type of drug is Humulin L?
Insulin zinc preparation
79
Insulin zinc preparation (Lente, Humulin L)
What is the Onset?
1 to 2 hours
80
Insulin zinc preparation (Lente, Humulin L)
What is the Peak action?
: 8 to 15 hours
81
Insulin zinc preparation (Lente, Humulin L)
What is the Duration?
18 to 24 hours
82
give examples of Isophane insulin preparation
NPH, Humulin N
83
what type of drug is NPH?
Isophane insulin preparation
84
what type of drug is Humulin N?
Isophane insulin preparation
85
Isophane insulin preparation (NPH, Humulin N)
What is the Onset?
Onset: 1 to 1.5 hours
86
Isophane insulin preparation (NPH, Humulin N)
What is the Peak action?
Peak action: 4 to 12 hours
87
Isophane insulin preparation (NPH, Humulin N)
What is the Duration?
Duration: 18 to 24 hours
88
give examples of LONG ACTING insulins
- Ultralente
| - Humulin U
89
LONG ACTING
Ultralente, Humulin U
What is the Onset?
Onset: 4 to 8 hours
90
LONG ACTING
Ultralente, Humulin U
What is the Peak action?
Peak action: 12 to 24 hours
91
LONG ACTING
Ultralente, Humulin U
What is the Duration?
Duration: >36 hours
92
give two generations for oral antidiabetics
A. FIRST GENERATION
| B. SECOND GENERATION
93
give examples of ORAL ANTIDIABETICS
A. FIRST GENERATION
- Acetohexamide (Dymelor)
- Chlorpropamide (Diabenese)
- Tolazamide (Tolinase)
- Tolbutamide (Orinase)
94
Acetohexamide
Dymelor
95
Chlorpropamide
Diabenese
96
Tolazamide
Tolinase
97
Tolbutamide
Orinase
98
what generation of oral antidiabetic is Acetohexamide (Dymelor)
FIRST GENERATION
99
what generation of oral antidiabetic is Chlorpropamide (Diabenese)
FIRST GENERATION
100
what generation of oral antidiabetic is Tolazamide (Tolinase)
FIRST GENERATION
101
what generation of oral antidiabetic is Tolbutamide (Orinase)
FIRST GENERATION
102
what generation of oral antidiabetic is Glipizide (Glucotrol)
SECOND GENERATION
103
what generation of oral antidiabetic is Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
SECOND GENERATION
104
give 2 examples of second generation oral antidiabetics
- Glipizide (Glucotrol)
| - Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
