Midterms study WHH Flashcards
Who was Hammurabi?
A Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia.
How was the Nile different than the other rivers in river valley civilizations?
The Nile River was different from other rivers because it would over flow its banks from the rains and melting snow from the mountains causing the river to leave behind fertile black mud called silt every year in July.
Dynasty-define
series of rulers from a single family.
Pharaoh-define
King of Ancient Egypt, considered god, political, and military leader.
Loess-define
Fertile deposit of windblown soil.
what is hieroglyphics?
Ancient Egyptian writing system. Pictures used to rep. sounds and words.
What is the dynastic cycle and how was it used in China?
The dynastic cycle is a pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties. The Chinese used it to explain rebellion, civil war, and the rise of a new dynasty.
Why is there little information about the Indus River valley civilizations?
Their language is harder to translate.
Describe cities of the Indus Valley.
Cities in the Indus Valley featured a fortified area called a citadel. Buildings were constructed of oven baked bricks cut in standard sizes. Early engineers also created sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems. Planning and construction suggests that the Indus peoples had developed a strong central gov.
What do the pyramids tell us about ancient Egypt?
Pyramids reflect the strength of the Egyptian civilization.
Mandate of Heaven
In Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.
Phoenicians greatest contribution?
creating a writing system that used symbols to represent sounds.
Who established the caste system in India?
Aryans
Key beliefs of Buddhism
The four noble truths
What is the Torah?
The first of five books of the Hebrew Bible. Jews consider the Torah the most sacred writing in their tradition.
What are common beliefs in Hinduism and Buddhism?
They both believe in reincarnation. Both believe there are many different paths to enlightenment. Hindus believe in a soul, which they call Atman. unlike the Buddhists.
What is covenant?
Mutual promise between God and the founder of the Hebrew people.
Who fought the Peloponnesian war?
Sparta and Athens fought the Peloponnesian war because Athens grew in wealthy, prestige, and power. Sparta viewed this with hostility.
Why Greeks have difficulty uniting?
because of the conflict between Athens and Sparta.
Identify Socrates.
A Greek philosopher who believed that the absolute standards did exist for truth and justice. When he was 70 he was brought to trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting the city’s gods.”
What is a Phalanx?
A military formations of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields.
Type of government in Sparta?
military state
What is polis and what does the word mean?
a Greek city-state-the fundamental political unit of Ancient Greece after about 750 b.c.
What areas did Alexander the Great conquer?
Persia, Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria, and Mesopotamia.
Similarities/ differences between Athens/Sparta
Both Greek city-states. Athens is a democracy, Sparta is not.
What is Hellenistic culture?
Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Perisan, and Indian influences.
Members of the 1st triumvirate
Julius Ceasar, Crassus, and Pompey.
Define Tribune
In Ancient Rome, an official elected by the Plebians to protect their rights.
Define Plebian
In Ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population.
Define legion
A military unit of Ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 ft soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback.
Define Consul
In Roman Republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government.
What was a dictator and why did the Romans appoint one?
In time of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator- a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army.
What are aqueducts?
A pipeline or channel built to carry water to populated areas.
What was the Aeneid and wrote it?
The epic of the legendary Aeneas. Virgil wrote it.
What was the Pax Romana?
A period of peace and prosperity.
What is Bantu and where(what direction) did Bantu-speaking people migrate?
The people- southeastern
Define savannas
a flat, grassy plain
What is the Muslim model for proper living?
Sunna
where are Africa’s Rainforests located?
Congo river Basin
Define Islam and what are major teachings?
Islam is a monotheistic religion taht developed in Arabia in the seventh century A.D. Major teachings are the five pillars.
What were the two groups that split after Muhammad died?
Sunni and Shi’a
Where do all Muslims face when they pray?
Ka’aba
What are the major duties of Muslims called?
The five pillars ( faith, prayer, Alms, fasting, Pilgrimage)
What are the system of laws called for the Muslims?
Shari’a
Justinian’s code-what is it?
The body of Roman civil law collected and organized by order of the byzantine emperor justinian around A.D. 534
WHat did cyril and methodus do?
MAde an alphabet for the slavic languages.
what group invaded Russia?
MOngols
WHat cultures or groups maek up Russian culture?
Slv
