MIDTERMS REVIEW Flashcards
what do you call the first pregnancy; or when the mother bears her first offspring
Primipara
what do you call a mother who has had more
than one pregnancy
Multipara
The period that extends from the
beginning of contractions that cause
cervical dilation
Intrapartum
Intrapartum is the the _____ after delivery of the
newborn and placenta
first 1 to 4 hours
Series of events by which uterine
contractions and abdominal pressure
expel a fetus and placenta front the fetus
Labor
The pressure on the nerve endings and
increased irritability of the uterine
musculature brought about by the developed fetus cause contraction
(fullness)
THEORIES OF ONSET OF LABOR
Uterine Stretch Theory
Rising of fetal cortisol level reduce
progesterone level increases
prostaglandin formation
THEORIES OF ONSET OF LABOR
Prostaglandin Theory
Change in ratio of estrogen to
progesterone occurs
THEORIES OF ONSET OF LABOR
Progesterone Deprivation/Withdrawal Theory
Placenta begins to degenerate by 36
weeks the body perceives it as a foreign
body makes it own defense to expel it by
contraction of the uterus
THEORIES OF ONSET OF LABOR
Theory of Aging Placenta
The production of the posterior
pituitary gland of this substance
will cause uterine contractions
THEORIES OF ONSET OF LABOR
Oxytocin Stimulation Theory
THE 6 P’S OF LABOR
Enumerate
1.Passenger (fetus)
2.Passageway (birth canal)
3.Power (uterine contraction/ bearing down)
4.Psyche (mental status)
5.Placenta
6.Prayer (spiritual needs)
Fetopelvic relationships
Enumerate
6 P’s of Labor (Passenger)
Lie
Attitude
Presentation
Position
Station
connects 2 parietal bones
SAGITTAL
connects the parietal and frontal bones
CORONAL
connects the parietal and occipital bones
LAMBOIDAL
connects the 2 frontal bones
METOPIC
(Bregma)
Diamond in shape
3x4 centimeters in size
Anterior Fontanel
(Lambda)
Triangular in shape
1x1 centimeter in size
Posterior Fontanel
Used as landmarks for internal examination during labor to determine position of fetus
Fontanel
Relationship of spine (long axis) of fetus to spine of the mother
Fetopelvic relationship
Fetal Lie:
Longitudinal or Vertical
Transverse or Horizontal
Oblique
Relationship of fetal parts to each other
Describes the degree of flexion the fetus assumes during labor
Fetopelvic Relationship
Fetal Attitude
Fetal attitude of fetus wherein head is fully flexed on the chest making the parietal bones of the space between the fontanels, the “Vertex”, the presenting part
Fetal Attitude
Vertex/Complete Flexion/Occiput
head is moderately flexed; occipital frontal or sinciput to birth canal
Fetal Attitude
Sinciput/Military Attitude
Back is arched, neck is extended
Fetal Attitude
Brow/Partial extension
Head is extended and face is the presenting part
Extreme edema and distortion of face may occur
Fetal Attitude
Face/Complete Extension
Part of fetus that presents to or enters maternal pelvic inlet
Fetopelvic Relationship
Fetal Presentation
cephalic, breech, shoulder/transverse
A type of incomplete breech presentation that the fetus’s thighs rest on abdomen while legs extend to head
Frank breech presentation
Relationship of presenting part to ischial spine denoted in centimeters
Fetopelvic Relationship
Station
above the ischial spine and still floating, needs rest
Fetal Station
-3 to -5
fetus is at the level of the ischial spine and is already engaged
Fetal Station
0
fetus is at 3-5 cm below the ischial spine; crowning occurs and signals the 2nd stage of labor
fetal station
+3 to +5
Relationship of the fetal presenting part to specific quadrant of the mother’s pelvis
Fetopelvic Relationship
Position
- Normal female pelvis
- Transversely rounded or blunt
- Most favorable for successful labor
and birth
Gynecoid pelvis
- Wedge shaped or angulated
- Seen in males
- Not favorable for labor
- Can be determine through
pelvimetry
Adroid pelvis
- Oval shaped
- Adequate outlet
Anthropoid pelvis
- Flat with oval inlet
- Small transverse diameter
Platypelloid Pelvis
Measures between sacral promontory
and inferior margin of the symphysis pubis
doing internal examination.
Diagonal Conjugate
: basis in getting the true conjugate
Measures between the anterior surface of
the sacral promontory and superior
margin of the symphysis pubis
Also known as ______
True Conjugate/Conjugate vera
Diagonal Conjugate measures ____
11.5 - 12.5 cm
True conjugate or Conjugate vera measures ____
11 cm
5 small bones that compress during vaginal delivery
coccyx
Placenta is made up from the ____ and ____
chorionic villi and decidua basalis
from center to edges and presents the fetal surface which is shiny
types of placental separation
Schultz
from edges to center and presents the maternal surface which is red beefy and dirty
types of placental separation
Duncan
Birth according to gestational age:
Preterm
Term/Normal
Post term
- PRETERM – less than 37 weeks
- TERM or NORMAL – within 37 – 42 weeks; 2 weeks before or after EDD
- POST TERM – beyond 42 weeks
What are the impending signs of labor
enumerate
lightening
engagement
increased braxton-hick’s contractions
ripening of the cervix
sudden bursts of energy of the mother
allowable weight loss
increase vaginal mucus discharge
fetal movement less active
what do you call when a fetus settles or descends into pelvic inlet
Lightening
what is the term when the fetus sets its presenting part into pelvic inlet (station 0)
Engagement
Thinning and shortening of cervix
effacement
Phase of contraction wherein contracions are at height or peak of contraction; and continues at the side of abdomen
Acme
From increment → decrement of same/single contraction
CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOR CONTRACTION
Duration
CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOR CONTRACTION
From the beginning of increment → increment of another contraction
Frequency
CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOR CONTRACTION
From decrement of 1 contraction → period of increment of next contraction
Interval of Rest
