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Biochemistry > Midterms Quizzes > Flashcards

Midterms Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following tests will confirm the presence of starch?
a. Molisch’s Test
b. Lugol’s Test
c. Seliwanoff’s Test
d. Benedict’s Test

A

Lugol’s Test

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2
Q

Which of the following tests will NOT produce a precipitate?
a. Fehling’s Test
b. Lugol’s test
c. Barfoed’s Test
d. Bial’s test

A

Lugol’s test

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3
Q

T or F
Libermann-Burchard test is used to determine the presence of lipids.

A

FASLE
Libermann-Burchard test is used to determine the presence of Cholesterol.

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3
Q

T or F
The ether increases the catalyst solubility between the base compound and the fat in the saponification process.

A

FALSE
The ethanol increases the catalyst solubility between the base compound and the fat in the saponification process.

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4
Q

Which of the following is the role of liquid detergent in the Sudan dye test?
a. reducing agent
b. hydrating agent
c. emulsifier
d. dehydrating agent

A

emulsifier

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4
Q

Which of the following reagents does NOT contain copper?
a. Tollen’s reagent
b. Benedict’s reagent
c. Fehling’s reagent
d. Barfoed’s reagen

A

Tollen’s reagent

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5
Q

Which of the following is the negative confirmatory result for Bial’s test?
a. olive green precipitate
b. blue color solution
c. brick red precipitate
d. faint pink color solution

A

Olive green precipitate

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5
Q

Which of the following components of the Molisch test dehydrates the sugar molecule?
a. sulfuric acid
b. a-naphthol
c. resorcinol
d. orcinol

A

sulfuric acid

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6
Q

T or F
Soaps form solid deposits when added to hard water containing Mg+2 and Ca+2.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

An unknown sample was subjected to miscibility test. It formed two layers with water and a homogenous mixture with acetone. What can be inferred with this observation?

A

The sample is nonpolar because it did not mix with water.

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8
Q

The following samples may give a positive result with Fehling’s test EXCEPT:
a. Galactose
b. Sucrose
c. Lactose
d. Maltose

A

Sucrose

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9
Q

Which of the following tests will confirm the presence of monosaccharide or disaccharide?
a. Benedict’s Test
b. Seliwanoff’s Test
c. Bial’s Test
d. Barfoed’s Test

A

Barfoed’s Test

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9
Q

Which of the following tests will confirm the presence of disaccharide after a prolonged observation?

a.
Molisch’s Test

b.
Benedict’s Test

c.
Barfoed’s Test

d.
Lugol’s Test

A

Barfoed’s Test

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10
Q

Honey is an example of ?

A

Carbohydrate

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11
Q

T or F
Glucose will react positively to Tollen’s test.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Which of the following samples will give a positive result to Seliwanoff’s test?

a.
Bread solution

b.
Sucrose

c.
Ribose

d.
Lactose

A

Sucrose

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13
Q

Which of the following tests will confirm the presence of reducing sugar?

a.
Molisch’s Test

b.
Seliwanoff’s Test

c.
Lugol’s Test

d.
Fehling’s Test

A

Fehling’s Test

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Which of the following is the reaction of bromine molecules in the structure of lipids?

a.
It decreases the degree of unsaturation by adding itself on each side of the double bond.

b.
It increases the degree of unsaturation by removing hydrogen atoms in the structure.

c.
It breaks the double bond which makes a red-orange solution.

d.
It decolorizes the solution due to the presence of saturated bonds in the structure of lipids.

A

It decreases the degree of unsaturation by adding itself on each side of the double bond.

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16
Q

Why is NaOH used for the saponification process?

a.
to hydrolyze the soap and covert it to free fatty acids

b.
to dehydrate the fat and convert it to a salt

c.
to neutralize the free fatty acids that yield salt

d.
to emulsify the triglycerides with glycerol and produce a fatty acid salt

A

to neutralize the free fatty acids that yield salt

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16
Q

Which of the following tests for lipids will produce a precipitate as a positive result?

a.
Sudan Dye Test

b.
Liebermann-Burchard test

c.
Copper acetate test

d.
Bromine test

A

Copper acetate test

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16
Q

Which of the following is the positive reaction of the Copper sulfate test for lipids?

a.
appearance of two layers containing the dense bluish solution

b.
formation of light pink precipitate

c.
appearance of dark green solution

d.
formation of the copper salts

A

formation of the copper salts

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17
Q

Which of the following statements is true about Barfoed’s test?

a.
Barfoed’s test is used to determine the presence of nonreducing sugar under basic condition.

b.
Barfoed’s test is used to determine the presence of reducing sugar under acidic condition.

c.
Barfoed’s test is used to determine the presence of reducing sugar under basic condition.

d.
Barfoed’s test is used to determine the presence of nonreducing sugar under acidic condition.

A

Barfoed’s test is used to determine the presence of reducing sugar under acidic condition.

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17
Q

T or F
A sphingophospholipid has a phosphate ion, phosphatidyl ester, and one fatty acid attached in the amino group of the sphingosine structure.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Which of the following is the effect of the metal ions on soap solution?
a.
decreases the hardness of the soap solution

b.
decreases the foam level of the soap solution

c.
formation of soluble salts

d.
increases the cleansing property of the soap

A

Decreases the foam level of the soap solution

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17
Q

Which of the following substances will test positive to Sudan III Dye Test?

a.
palm oil

b.
Water

c.
Salt solution

d.
Sugar solutionWhich of the following substances will test positive to Sudan III Dye Test?

a.
palm oil

b.
Water

c.
Salt solution

d.
Sugar solution

A

palm oil

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17
Q

T or F
Bromine test will confirm the presence of saturated fatty acids.

A

FALSE
Bromine test will confirm the presence of unsaturated fatty acids.

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17
Q

A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is ? 9sulubility)

A

insoluble in both water and nonpolar solvents

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18
Q

Which of the following is important for brain development?

a.
a-tocopherol

b.
arachidonic acid

c.
docosahexaenoic acid

d.
linoleic acid

A

docosahexaenoic acid

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18
Q

Fats and oils are structurally both triacylglycerols, but fats are solids at room temperature and oils are liquids at room temperature. Which statement best describes the reason for their difference in physical state?

A

Fats contain a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids than oils do, and therefore have higher melting points than oils.

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18
Q

Which of the following types of lipids is a steroid?

a.
leukotrienes

b.
thromboxanes

c.
androgens

d.
prostaglandins

A

androgens

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19
Q

Which of the following fatty acids has the lowest melting point?

a.
CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH

b.
CH3(CH2)18COOH

c.
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

d.
CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

A

CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH

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20
Q

Which statement is NOT true about cholesterol?

a.
Cholesterol serves as the starting material for the synthesis of all other steroids.

b.
Cholesterol is a vital component for healthy cell membranes.

c.
Cholesterol is the most prominent member of the steroid family.

d.
Cholesterol cannot be synthesized in the body, and therefore is required in the diet.Cholesterol cannot be synthesized in the body, and therefore is required in the diet.

A

Cholesterol cannot be synthesized in the body, and therefore is required in the diet.

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20
Q

In which of the following types of lipids have one amide linkage present?

A

glycolipids

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21
Q

T or F
The saponification process of triglycerides yields the by-products of water and fatty acid salts.

A

FALSE

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21
Q

Which structural feature is not found in sphingomyelins?

A phosphodiester

b.
An amide bond

c.
An alcohol

d.
A glycerol backbone

A

A glycerol backbone

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22
Q

Biological waxes are formed from the reaction between which two types of compounds?

a.
A fatty acid and an amide

b.
An ester and a fatty acid

c.
A high molecular weight alcohol and an ester

d.
A fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol

A

A fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol

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23
Q

Which is NOT true about prostaglandins?

a.
Prostaglandins decrease inflammation.

b.
Prostaglandins inhibit blood platelet aggregation.

c.
Prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions.

d.
Prostaglandins decrease gastric secretions.

A

rostaglandins decrease inflammation.

23
Q

T or F
The coating that surrounds and insulates nerve cells, the myelin sheath, is particularly rich in ceramide, and is vital for proper nerve function.

A

FASLE

23
Q

T or F
A phospholipid cephalin helps in blood clotting and also named as phosphatidylcholine.

A

FALSE

24
Q

T or F
In a plasma membrane, the active transport is driven by the chemical energy adenosine triphosphate with the help of protein receptors.

A

TRUE

24
Q

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for bone development?

a.
a-tocopherol

b.
cholecalciferol

c.
menaquinone

d.
retinol

A

cholecalciferol

24
Q

T or F
The melting and boiling point of lipids depends on the length of the carbon chain and no. of saturated fatty acids in the structure.

A

FASLE

24
Q

hich of the following fatty acids is both monounsaturated and an omega-6 fatty acid?

a.
CH3–(CH2)18–COOH

b.
CH3–(CH2)4–CH=CH–(CH2)2–(CH2)6–COOH

c.
CH3–(CH2)7–CH=CH–(CH2)7–COOH

d.
CH3–CH2–(CH=CH–CH2)4–(CH2)2–COOH

A

CH3–(CH2)4–CH=CH–(CH2)2–(CH2)6–COOH

25
Q

The following over-the-counter drugs may inhibit the COX1 to produce prostaglandin (PGE2) in the body EXCEPT:

a.
Naproxen

b.
Paracetamol

c.
Aspirin

d.
Ibuprofen

A

Paracetamol

26
Q

Which of the following statements concerning fats and oils is incorrect?

a.
They are glycerol triesters.

b.
They are use to make fatty acid salts.

c.
They are also called triglycerides.

d.
They are also called triacylglycerols.

A

They are glycerol triesters.

26
Q

Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids is incorrect?

a.
At least 16 carbon atoms must be present in the carbon chain of a fatty acid.

b.
Fatty acids are rarely found in the free state in nature.

c.
Double bonds present in fatty acids are almost always in a cis-configuration.

d.
Some fatty acids needed in the human body must be obtained from food because they cannot be synthesized with the body.

A

At least 16 carbon atoms must be present in the carbon chain of a fatty acid.

27
Q

The following shows the effect of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in the body EXCEPT:

a.
It lowers the body temperature

b.
It increases the secretion of protective mucus layer in stomach

c.
It relieves the pain and fever

d.
It allows secretion of gastric juices in stomach

A

It increases the secretion of protective mucus layer in stomach

27
Q

T or F
Soap is prepared by the acid hydrolysis (saponification) of a triacylglycerol.

A

False

27
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the molecule sphingosine is correct?

a.
Two amino groups and one hydroxyl group are present.

b.
Its carbon chain contains 20 carbon atoms.

c.
Its carbon chain is saturated.

d.
One amino group and two hydroxyl groups are present.

A

One amino group and two hydroxyl groups are present.

28
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about the visual cycle in rod cells of the eyes?

a.
cis-retinol undergo isomerization to change in trans-retinol

b.
cis-retinal binds to opsin and produce a visual pigment

c.
cis-retinal develops a visual pigment with the help of opsin

d.
cis-retinal forms a visual pigment called opsin

A

cis-retinal binds to opsin and produce a visual pigment

29
Q

Which type of fatty acid is most common in olive oil?

A

Monounsaturated

29
Q

T or F
Cholesterol, bile acids, and eicosanoids are considered nonsaponifiable lipids due to the non-existence of the ester, amide, and glycosidic linkages.

A

TRUE

30
Q

Why is cholesterol important in a plasma membrane?

A

It holds the phospholipid tails to regulate membrane transport.

31
Q

RT or F
Trans double bonds can be formed when triacylglycerols are partially hydrogenated.

A

TRUE

31
Q

Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is correct?
A. They all have a sweet taste and therefore are also called sugars.
B. They are the most abundant type of biochemical substance in the human body.
C. They are all polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that yield such
upon hydrolysis.
D. They can exist in left-handed and right-handed forms, with the left-handed form being
dominant in nature

A

C. They are all polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that yield such
upon hydrolysis.

32
Q

Which of the following terms correctly describes the relationship between D-fructose and Lfructose?
A. enantiomers C. diastereomers
B. epimers D. stereoisomers

A

A. enantiomers

33
Q

What monosaccharide is found in cellulose, starch, and glycogen?

A

A. Glucose

33
Q

What is the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in animals?

A

D. Glycogen

34
Q

. Which is NOT a reducing sugar?
A. Glucose B. Fructose C. Sucrose D. Galactose

A

Sucrose

34
Q

In which of the following pairs or carbohydrates are both members of the pair disaccharides?
A. allose and idose C. lactose and arabinose
B. sucrose and maltose D. cellobiose and cellulose

A

B. sucrose and maltose

35
Q

The major structural difference between cellulose and starch is found in the

A

linkages between the monosaccharide units present

35
Q

Which carbohydrates cannot be converted to simpler compounds by hydrolysis?
A. Disaccharides B. Monosaccharides C. Polysaccharides D. Starches

A

Monosaccharides

35
Q

MonosaccharidesWhat are monosaccharides with a carbonyl group at C1 called?
A. Anomers B. Aldoses C. Ketoses D. Alditols

A

Aldoses

35
Q

In which of the following polysaccharides are all glycosidic linkages of the β (1→ 4) type?
A. starch B. glycogen C. cellulose D. amylopectin

A

cellulose

35
Q

Disaccharides and polysaccharides contain monosaccharide units joined together by which of the
following?
A. Hydrogen bonding C. Glycosidic linkages
B. Hemiacetal bonds D. Dipole-dipole forces

A

Glycosidic linkages

36
Q

Which of the following substances will produce both glucose and fructose when hydrolyzed?
A. lactose B. maltose C. sucrose D. glycogen

A

sucrose

37
Q

. In which of the following disaccharides is a β (1→4) glycosidic linkage present?
A. lactose B. maltose C. sucrose D. none of the choices

A

lactose

37
Q

Which of the following is the simplest ketotriose?
A. glyceraldehyde B. dihydroxyacetone. C. ribose D. glucose

A

. dihydroxyacetone

37
Q

. A component of glycosaminoglycans that is responsible for repairing damaged cartilage in
connective tissues.

A

Hyaluronic Acid

38
Q

. A pyranose is a sugar that _

A

contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure.

38
Q

For the α- anomer of a D-sugar, the anomeric hydroxyl in a Haworth projection:
A. has an upward projection (on the same side as the terminal CH2OH group).
B. has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group).
C. may be either up or down, it depends on the individual sugar.
D. is non-existent; anomers are a consideration only in Fischer projections.

A

. has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group).

38
Q

Which of the following substances will produce 2 units of D-glucose when hydrolyzed?
A. lactose B. maltose C. sucrose D. glycogen

A

Maltose

38
Q

Which of the following is considered an aldotriose?
A. acetone B. dihydroxyacetone C. glyceraldehyde D. d-ribose

A

glyceraldehyde

39
Q

. A furanose is a sugar that _

A

contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
A. They are major energy sources.
B. They are used in structural roles.
C. They are catalytic components of enzymes.

A

They are catalytic components of enzymes.

39
Q

In which of the following pairs of carbohydrates are both members of the pair polysaccharides?
A. cellulose and cellobiose C. starch and glycogen
B. amylose and lactose D. None of the choices

A

starch and glycogen

40
Q

The Haworth projection formulas _________.
A. are representations of the cyclic form of sugars
B. can show the distinction between the α and β anomers.
C. both of the above
D. neither of the above

A

both of the above

41
Q

Aldoses can form which type of cyclic sugar structure?

A

Hemiacetal

42
Q

The difference between cellobiose and maltose is:
A. one contains glucose and the other fructose
B. they contain different monosaccharides
C. one has an α linkage and the other a β linkage

A

one has an α linkage and the other a β linkage

43
Q

. Which of the following statements associated with cellulose is FALSE?
A. It’s a linear polymer of glucose.
B. The glycosidic linkage is β-(1→4).
C. Hydrolysis is accomplished enzymatically by cellulase.
D. Most animals can easily digest this compound.

A

Most animals can easily digest this compound.

43
Q

It is the enantiomer of D-glucose
A. D-Fructose B. L-Glucose C. D-Glucose D. L-Idose

A

L-Glucose

44
Q

Glycogen is ___________.
A. a linear polysaccharide
B. a synthetic sugar substitute
C. polysaccharide storage polymer found in plants
D. a highly branched polysaccharide found in animals

A

a highly branched polysaccharide found in animals

44
Q

. The diastereoisomers of D-Glucose include all of these, except:
A. D-Fructose B. L-Idose C. L-Glucose D. D-Galactose

A

L-Glucose

44
Q

. Humans are not able to digest cellulose as a food source because:
A. Cellulose is very insoluble.
B. It is more important that cellulose is used as fiber in our bodies.
C. We lack the enzyme to break the α linkage in the cellulose.
D. Cellulose is insoluble and we lack the enzyme to break the β linkage in the cellulose.

A

Cellulose is insoluble and we lack the enzyme to break the β linkage in the cellulose.

44
Q

. Chitin, which forms the exoskeletons of insects, is composed of:
A. α(1→4) linked glucose residues
B. β(1→4) linked glucose residues
C. α(1→4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues
D. β(1→4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues

A

β(1→4) linked N-acetylglucosamine residues

45
Q

ABO Blood typing depends on

A

the nature of the oligosaccharide portion of glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells

46
Q

Which of the following has an α [1→ 4] linkages and a branched α [1→ 6] linkages?
A. Glycogen B. Amylose C. Amylopectin D. Cellulose

A

Amylopectin

47
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about the ABO blood groups?
A. type AB blood is the universal donor
B. type B blood has a β-N-acetylgalactosamine group
C. all three of the blood groups have an α-L-fucose group attached

A

. all three of the blood groups have an α-L-fucose group attached

47
Q

. What is the difference between the disaccharides lactose and maltose?
A. Lactose can be hydrolyzed in the body, but maltose cannot.
B. Lactose contains both an acetal and a hemiacetal, while maltose contains two acetals.
C. Lactose contains two glucose units, while maltose contains two galactose units.
D. The two monosaccharides in lactose are joined by a 1→4-β-glycoside bond, while the two
monosaccharides in maltose are joined by a 1→4-α-glycoside bond.

A

The two monosaccharides in lactose are joined by a 1→4-β-glycoside bond, while the two
monosaccharides in maltose are joined by a 1→4-α-glycoside bond.

47
Q
A
48
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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