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Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that tends to exhibit similar chemical properties.

A

Functional Groups

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2
Q

T or F
The modern concept of benzene structure is based on overlapping orbitals

A

TRUE

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3
Q

T or F
For monosubstituted benzenes, name the
group and add “benzene”

A

TRUE

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4
Q

composed of two or more aromatic rings joined together. Many have been shown to cause cancer.

A

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) –

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5
Q

Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, and Benzopyrene are examples of?

A

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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6
Q
A
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6
Q

rings that contain at least one atom other than carbon (usually O, N, and S)

A

Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds

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7
Q

Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are what compounds?

A

Benzene Compounds

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8
Q

presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a physical property of?

A

Alcohols

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9
Q

General structure of Alcohols

A

Alcohols General Structure: ROH

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10
Q

IUPAC name: change the –e from the hydrocarbon name and add the suffix –ol
is for?

A

Alcohols

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11
Q

High boiling points relative to their molar masses due to the ability to hydrogen bond

A

Alcohols

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12
Q

Colorless at room temperature, 4-10 carbon atoms are oily and have a heavier fruity odor

A

Alcohols

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13
Q

T or F
* Alcohols with 1 to 10 carbons are miscible in water

A

FALSE
* Alcohols with 1 to 4 carbons are miscible in water

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14
Q

T or F
(alcohol)
As the number of OH groups increases, the polarity and the water solubility decreases

A

FALSE
As the number of OH groups increases,
the polarity, and the water solubility also
increases

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15
Q
  • As molar mass increases, alcohols become
    immiscible or miscible in water?
A
  • As molar mass increases, alcohols become
    immiscible in water
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16
Q
  • __and ___are more soluble than
    those with only a single hydroxyl group
A
  • Diols and triols are more soluble than
    those with only a single hydroxyl group
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17
Q

What alcohol?
* Colorless and odorless liquid
* Used as a solvent
* Toxic, can cause blindness and death if ingested
* Can be used as a fuel

A

Methanol (CH3OH)

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18
Q

What alcohol?
* An odorless and colorless liquid
* Widely used as a solvent
* The alcohol in alcoholic beverages
* Derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates
* Beverage produced varies with the starting material and the fermentation process

A

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

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19
Q

What alcohol?
* Colorless, but has a slight odor
* Commonly called rubbing alcohol
* Toxic when ingested

A

2-propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) (CH3CHOHCH3)

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20
Q

Used as a:
* Disinfectant
* Astringent
* Industrial solvent

A

2-propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) (CH3CHOHCH3
)

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21
Q

What alcohol?
* Used as automobile antifreeze
* Has a sweet taste, but is extremely poisonous
* Added to water
* Lowers the freezing point
* Raises the boiling point

A

1,2-Ethanediol (Ethylene glycol)
(CH2OHCH2OH)

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22
Q

What alcohol?
* Very viscous, thick
* Has a sweet taste
* Non-toxic
* Highly water soluble

A

1,2,3-Propanetriol (Glycerol) (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)

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23
Q

What alcohol?
Used in:
* Cosmetics
* Pharmaceuticals
* Lubricants
* Esterification of fatty acids
* Obtained as a by-product of fat hydrolysis

A

1,2,3-Propanetriol (Glycerol) (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)

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24
- compounds in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a benzene ring
Phenols
25
Widely used in healthcare as: * Germicides * Antiseptics * Disinfectants
Phenols
26
T or F Simpler phenols are somewhat water soluble
TRUe
27
formula Ar-OH
Phenols
28
T or F Phenols a components of flavorings and fragrances
TRUE
29
Reactions involving Alcohols
Oxidation: gain of oxygen loss of hydrogen Reduction: loss of oxygen gain of hydrogen
30
* General Structure of ethers
* General Structure: ROR
31
T or F Ethers have the presence of the alkoxy group (-O-)
TRUE
32
For Ethers, IUPAC name: add the suffix ___ to the shortest carbon chain (substituent) and name the longest parent chain based on the hydrocarbon prefixes
–oxy
33
T or F Ethers are slightly polar due to the polar H=O bond
FALSE Ethers are slightly polar due to the polar C=O bond
34
T or F Ethers have much higher boiling points than alcohol due to the lack of hydrogen bonding
FALSE Ethers have much lower boiling points than alcohols due to the lack of hydrogen bonding
35
Does ethers have hydrogen bonds?
none
36
Medical Uses of Ethers
anesthetics
37
Ethers are often used as anesthetics bacause?
Accumulate in the lipid material of nerve cells interfering with nerve impulse transmission * Today halogenated ethers are used routinely as general anesthetics * Less flammable * Safer to store and to work with
38
T or F Ether are not flammable
FASLE Highly flammable = easily oxidized in air
39
T or F Ethers are Extremely volatile
TRUE
40
General Structure of Thiols
General Structure: RSH
41
Thiols have the presence of the ____group (-SH)
presence of the sulfhydryl group (-SH)
42
called ‘sulfanyl’ or ‘mercapto’ as a substituent
Thiols
43
For Thiols, IUPAC name: The name is based on the longest alkane chain with the suffix –___ position indicated by a number
* IUPAC name: The name is based on the longest alkane chain with the suffix –thiol position indicated by a number
44
T or F Thiols have lower melting and boiling points than alcohol
TRUE
45
What has lower solubility in water and have the nauseating aroma * A defensive spray of North American striped skunk * Onions and garlic
Thiols
46
The thiol-disulfide redox pair controls a critical factor in protein structure called a
disulfide bridge
47
Two cysteine molecules (amino acids) can undergo oxidation to form ?
Cystine
48
Examples of Thiols
Cysteine Glutathione 2-butene-1-thiol 2-propanethiol furfurylthiol
49
contributes to the aroma of fresh coffee.
furfurylthiol
50
is found in the breath of people who have eaten garlic
2-propanethiol
51
is found in the defensive spray of the skunk
2-butene-1-thiol
52
is an antioxidant found in our body cells
Glutathione
53
a non-essential amino acid important for making protein, and for other metabolic functions.
Cysteine
54
55
Which of the following is the result of adding silver nitrate to a sodium chloride solution? a. appearance of a turbid solution b. appearance of a white globule c. formation of a white precipitate d. decolorization of the solution
The correct answer is: formation of a white precipitate
56
T or F Inorganic compounds have higher melting points than organic compounds
True
57
T or F Kerosine and coconut oil are both substances are non-polar, hence they form a homogeneous mixture
True
58
A potato strip was placed in a solution. After a couple of hours, it decreases in size. How will you describe the solution where the potato strip was placed?
The solute concentration of the solution is greater than the potato strip.
59
Which of the following pairs is the product of the complete combustion of table sugar? a. C and H2O b. O2 and H2O c. H2O and CO3-2 d. CO2 and H2O
CO2 and H2O
60
Which of the following samples shows a positive result (blue-green) for the Beilstein Test? a. Potassium iodide b. Sodium hydroxide c. Carbon tetrachloride d. Saliva
Carbon tetrachloride
61
It refers to the movement of water from high water concertation region to a low water concentration region.
Osmosis
62
In the dialysis experiment, which of the following substances left the plastic tube after soaking it in water with iodine?
Sucrose
63
The substance that reacted with iodine during the dialysis experiment
Starch
64
T or F The rate of diffusion increases when there is a difference in density between the substances.
False
65
It refers to the process of spreading a substance from a higher concentration region to a lower concentration region
Diffusion
66
Which of the following samples is insoluble to nonpolar solvents? a. CCl4 b. NaCl c. Kerosene d. Coconut oil
CaCl

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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