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Biochemistry > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that tends to exhibit similar chemical properties.

A

Functional Groups

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2
Q

T or F
The modern concept of benzene structure is based on overlapping orbitals

A

TRUE

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3
Q

T or F
For monosubstituted benzenes, name the
group and add “benzene”

A

TRUE

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4
Q

composed of two or more aromatic rings joined together. Many have been shown to cause cancer.

A

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) –

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5
Q

Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, and Benzopyrene are examples of?

A

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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6
Q
A
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6
Q

rings that contain at least one atom other than carbon (usually O, N, and S)

A

Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds

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7
Q

Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are what compounds?

A

Benzene Compounds

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8
Q

presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a physical property of?

A

Alcohols

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9
Q

General structure of Alcohols

A

Alcohols General Structure: ROH

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10
Q

IUPAC name: change the –e from the hydrocarbon name and add the suffix –ol
is for?

A

Alcohols

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11
Q

High boiling points relative to their molar masses due to the ability to hydrogen bond

A

Alcohols

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12
Q

Colorless at room temperature, 4-10 carbon atoms are oily and have a heavier fruity odor

A

Alcohols

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13
Q

T or F
* Alcohols with 1 to 10 carbons are miscible in water

A

FALSE
* Alcohols with 1 to 4 carbons are miscible in water

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14
Q

T or F
(alcohol)
As the number of OH groups increases, the polarity and the water solubility decreases

A

FALSE
As the number of OH groups increases,
the polarity, and the water solubility also
increases

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15
Q
  • As molar mass increases, alcohols become
    immiscible or miscible in water?
A
  • As molar mass increases, alcohols become
    immiscible in water
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16
Q
  • __and ___are more soluble than
    those with only a single hydroxyl group
A
  • Diols and triols are more soluble than
    those with only a single hydroxyl group
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17
Q

What alcohol?
* Colorless and odorless liquid
* Used as a solvent
* Toxic, can cause blindness and death if ingested
* Can be used as a fuel

A

Methanol (CH3OH)

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18
Q

What alcohol?
* An odorless and colorless liquid
* Widely used as a solvent
* The alcohol in alcoholic beverages
* Derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates
* Beverage produced varies with the starting material and the fermentation process

A

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

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19
Q

What alcohol?
* Colorless, but has a slight odor
* Commonly called rubbing alcohol
* Toxic when ingested

A

2-propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) (CH3CHOHCH3)

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20
Q

Used as a:
* Disinfectant
* Astringent
* Industrial solvent

A

2-propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) (CH3CHOHCH3
)

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21
Q

What alcohol?
* Used as automobile antifreeze
* Has a sweet taste, but is extremely poisonous
* Added to water
* Lowers the freezing point
* Raises the boiling point

A

1,2-Ethanediol (Ethylene glycol)
(CH2OHCH2OH)

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22
Q

What alcohol?
* Very viscous, thick
* Has a sweet taste
* Non-toxic
* Highly water soluble

A

1,2,3-Propanetriol (Glycerol) (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)

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23
Q

What alcohol?
Used in:
* Cosmetics
* Pharmaceuticals
* Lubricants
* Esterification of fatty acids
* Obtained as a by-product of fat hydrolysis

A

1,2,3-Propanetriol (Glycerol) (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)

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24
Q
  • compounds in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a benzene ring
A

Phenols

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25
Q

Widely used in healthcare as:
* Germicides
* Antiseptics
* Disinfectants

A

Phenols

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26
Q

T or F
Simpler phenols are somewhat water soluble

A

TRUe

27
Q

formula Ar-OH

A

Phenols

28
Q

T or F
Phenols a components of flavorings and fragrances

A

TRUE

29
Q

Reactions involving Alcohols

A

Oxidation:
gain of oxygen
loss of hydrogen

Reduction:
loss of oxygen
gain of hydrogen

30
Q
  • General Structure of ethers
A
  • General Structure: ROR
31
Q

T or F
Ethers have the presence of the alkoxy group (-O-)

A

TRUE

32
Q

For Ethers,
IUPAC name: add the suffix ___ to the shortest carbon chain (substituent) and name the longest parent chain based on the hydrocarbon prefixes

A

–oxy

33
Q

T or F
Ethers are slightly polar due to the polar H=O bond

A

FALSE
Ethers are slightly polar due to the polar C=O bond

34
Q

T or F
Ethers have much higher boiling points than alcohol due to the lack of hydrogen bonding

A

FALSE
Ethers have much lower boiling points than alcohols due to the lack of hydrogen bonding

35
Q

Does ethers have hydrogen bonds?

A

none

36
Q

Medical Uses of Ethers

A

anesthetics

37
Q

Ethers are often used as anesthetics bacause?

A

Accumulate in the lipid material of nerve cells interfering with nerve impulse transmission
* Today halogenated ethers are used routinely as general anesthetics
* Less flammable
* Safer to store and to work with

38
Q

T or F
Ether are not flammable

A

FASLE
Highly flammable = easily oxidized in air

39
Q

T or F
Ethers are Extremely volatile

A

TRUE

40
Q

General Structure of Thiols

A

General Structure: RSH

41
Q

Thiols have the presence of the ____group (-SH)

A

presence of the sulfhydryl group (-SH)

42
Q

called ‘sulfanyl’ or ‘mercapto’ as a substituent

A

Thiols

43
Q

For Thiols,
IUPAC name: The name is based on the longest alkane chain with the suffix –___ position indicated by a number

A
  • IUPAC name: The name is based on
    the longest alkane chain with the suffix –thiol position indicated by a number
44
Q

T or F
Thiols have lower melting and boiling points than alcohol

A

TRUE

45
Q

What has lower solubility in water and have the nauseating
aroma
* A defensive spray of North American striped skunk
* Onions and garlic

A

Thiols

46
Q

The thiol-disulfide redox pair controls a critical
factor in protein structure called a

A

disulfide bridge

47
Q

Two cysteine molecules (amino acids) can undergo oxidation to form ?

A

Cystine

48
Q

Examples of Thiols

A

Cysteine
Glutathione
2-butene-1-thiol
2-propanethiol
furfurylthiol

49
Q

contributes to the
aroma of fresh coffee.

A

furfurylthiol

50
Q

is found in the breath of people who have
eaten garlic

A

2-propanethiol

51
Q

is found in the defensive spray of the
skunk

A

2-butene-1-thiol

52
Q

is an antioxidant found in our body cells

A

Glutathione

53
Q

a non-essential amino acid important for making
protein, and for other metabolic functions.

A

Cysteine

54
Q
A
55
Q

Which of the following is the result of adding silver nitrate to a sodium chloride solution?

a.
appearance of a turbid solution

b.
appearance of a white globule

c.
formation of a white precipitate

d.
decolorization of the solution

A

The correct answer is:
formation of a white precipitate

56
Q

T or F

Inorganic compounds have higher melting points than organic compounds

A

True

57
Q

T or F
Kerosine and coconut oil are both substances are non-polar, hence they form a homogeneous mixture

A

True

58
Q

A potato strip was placed in a solution. After a couple of hours, it decreases in size. How will you describe the solution where the potato strip was placed?

A

The solute concentration of the solution is greater than the potato strip.

59
Q

Which of the following pairs is the product of the complete combustion of table sugar?

a.
C and H2O

b.
O2 and H2O

c.
H2O and CO3-2

d.
CO2 and H2O

A

CO2 and H2O

60
Q

Which of the following samples shows a positive result (blue-green) for the Beilstein Test?

a.
Potassium iodide

b.
Sodium hydroxide

c.
Carbon tetrachloride

d.
Saliva

A

Carbon tetrachloride

61
Q

It refers to the movement of water from high water concertation region to a low water concentration region.

A

Osmosis

62
Q

In the dialysis experiment, which of the following substances left the plastic tube after soaking it in water with iodine?

A

Sucrose

63
Q

The substance that reacted with iodine during the dialysis experiment

A

Starch

64
Q

T or F

The rate of diffusion increases when there is a difference in density between the substances.

A

False

65
Q

It refers to the process of spreading a substance from a higher concentration region to a lower concentration region

A

Diffusion

66
Q

Which of the following samples is insoluble to nonpolar solvents?

a.
CCl4

b.
NaCl

c.
Kerosene

d.
Coconut oil

A

CaCl

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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