MIDTERMS | Polarity of Molecules and IMF Flashcards
What are the smallest particles of an element that may exist either independently or as components of compounds?
Atoms
What is the attraction between atoms or ions in a molecule?
Chemical Bond
A positive ion is called a ______.
Cation
A negative ion is called an _____
Anion
_______ _________ are electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom, responsible for chemical bonding.
Valence electrons
_____ _________ are formed from the complete transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another.
Ionic compounds
Who is the proponent of the Lewis Structure?
Gilbert Newton Lewis
The ________ of a molecule tells whether the electron cloud is equally distributed across the atoms within the molecule, or whether an electronegative atom is affecting the electron density.
Polarity
We can identify the polarity of a compound based on electronegativity difference. This is called ____ _______.
Bond Polarity
We can identify the polarity of a compound based on the geometrical shape of the molecule which can be predicted via the VSEPR theory. This is called _________ ________.
Molecular Polarity
This is the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond.
Electronegativity
If the EN difference is greater than 1.7, the type of bond present is _____.
Ionic
If the EN difference is 0.4 or less, the type of bond present is ________ ________.
Nonpolar Covalent
If the EN difference is within the range from 0.5-1.7, the type of bond present is _____ ________.
Polar Covalent
________ compounds will be Symmetric, while _____ molecules are Asymmetric.
Nonpolar, polar
This refers to the three- dimensional arrangement of atoms or bonding groups around a central atom.
Molecular Shape
A molecule is said to be ____________ if dipole moment or lone pairs are present and bond dipoles are arranged in such a way that they do not cancel each other.
Polar
A molecule is said to be ____________ if there are no dipole moment or lone pairs and arranged in such a way that their polarities cancel each other.
Nonpolar
This refers to the relative ability of a bonded atom to attract toward itself a shared electron pair.
Electronegativity
______________ ________ are the forces within a molecule or ionic compound.
Intramolecular forces
______________ _________ are the forces between two molecules or ions and molecules.
Intermolecular forces
What is the weakest type of intermolecular force?
Dispersion/London Force
This is a special type of dipole-dipole force that exists only in molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to small, highly electronegative atom with lone pairs of electrons (N, O, and F only).
Hydrogen Bond
An _____________ consists of an ion and a polar molecule aligning so that the positive and negative charges are next to one another, allowing for maximum attraction.
Ion-dipole force
This occurs when the slightly positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the slightly negative end of another polar molecule.
Dipole-dipole
In this intermolecular force, the electrons move about the nucleus resulting to momentary distortion of electron distribution causing __________ _______.
Dispersion/London Forces
