[MIDTERMS] PCOS LEC - Skin

Question 1

It is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system.

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

In an average adult, skin covers the surface in excess of __________.

Answer 2

2 m²

Question 3

With the exception of the skeletal muscles, the skin is the __________ organ of the body.

Answer 3

Heaviest

Question 4

Two (2) Types of Skin

Answer 4

1. Glabrous Skin
2. Hairy Skin

Question 5

It is the type of skin that found on the palms and soles of the feet, lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands but has very thick epidermis and encapsulated sense organs in the dermis.

Answer 5

Glabrous Skin

Question 6

It is the type of skin that hair follicles and sebaceous glands are both present, but there are no encapsulated sensory organs.

Answer 6

Hairy Skin

Question 7

It has large sebaceous glands associated with fine vellus hairs, contrasting sharply with the scalp, which contains large hair follicles.

Answer 7

Facial Skin

Question 8

Functions of the Skin

Answer 8

• Protection
• Vitamin D Production
• Sensation
• Excretion
• Body Temperature Regulation

Question 9

It serves as first line of defense against bacteria and viruses.

Answer 9

Protection

Question 10

It protects underlying structures from UV radiation and dehydration.

Answer 10

Protection

Question 11

It is needed for calcium absorption.

Answer 11

Vitamin D Production

Question 12

Sensory Receptors

Answer 12

Sensation

Question 13

Small amounts of waste products are lost through perspiration.

Answer 13

Excretion

Question 14

(T/F): If too hot, blood vessels constrict. Vessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape.

Answer 14

F / Constrict / DILATE

Question 15

(T/F): If too cold, dermal blood vessels dilate, this prevents heat from escaping.

Answer 15

F / Dilate / CONSTRICT

Question 16

Three (3) Distinct Layers of the Skin

Answer 16

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis

Question 17

It is an avascular structure, made up of many layers of cells.

Answer 17

Epidermis

Question 18

The special structure of the epidermis is classified as __________.

Answer 18

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 19

The epidermis is responsible for producing the main barrier known as the __________.

Answer 19

Horny Layer / Stratum Corneum

Question 20

It forms the outermost part of the epidermis.

Answer 20

Horny Layer / Stratum Corneum

Question 21

It is made up of water resistant dead cells, called Corneocytes, which are segmented together with complex lipid material.

Answer 21

Horny Layer

Question 22

Three (3) Lower Living Layers of the Epidermis

Answer 22

1. Germinative
2. Stratum Spinosum
3. Stratum Granulosum

Question 23

Germinative is also called __________.

Answer 23

Basal Layer

Question 24

Stratum Spinosum is also called __________.

Answer 24

Prickle Cell Layer

Question 25

Stratum Granulosum is also called __________.

Answer 25

Granular Layer

Question 26

It is characterized by the presence of distinctive keratohyalin granules.

Answer 26

Stratum Granulosum / Granular Layer

Question 27

The dynamic process of epidermal renewal is known as __________.

Answer 27

Keratinization

Question 28

Due to wear and tear, these cells in the horny layer are lost to the environment in the process called __________.

Answer 28

Desquamation

Question 29

It functions as the supporting frame to the epidermis, supplying it with nutrients via the blood capillaries.

Answer 29

Dermis

Question 30

It also supports the sensory nervous system, secretory glands and hair follicles.

Answer 30

Dermis

Question 31

Composition of Dermis

Answer 31

1. Collagen and Elastin 2. Ground Substance 3. Mast Cells 4. Sweat Glands 5. Sensory Skin Receptors

Question 32

It forms the major constituent of the fibrous protein which gives the skin its tensile strength.

Answer 32

Collagen

Question 33

The collagen fibers make up _____% of the wet weight of the dermis and are arranged largely as interwoven strands or bundles that lie in the plane which is parallel to the skin's surface.

Answer 33

30%

Question 34

This is the second type of protein fiber.

Answer 34

Elastin

Question 35

This makes up smaller percentage and tends to be interwoven among the collagen bundles.

Answer 35

Elastin

Question 36

It consists of salt, water and glycosaminoglycans.

Answer 36

Ground Substance

Question 37

The latter form of ground substance complexes with protein molecules known as __________.

Answer 37

Proteoglycans

Question 38

The Best-Known Examples of Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 38

1. Hyaluronic Acid 2. Chondroitin Sulfate

Question 39

It is known to play vital role in the hydration of tissues since it carries with large volume of water.

Answer 39

Hyaluronic Acid

Question 40

These are the second major cell type in the dermis that can be found close to the small blood vessels.

Answer 40

Mast Cells

Question 41

The mast cells are responsible for synthesis and secretion which is an anticoagulant.

Answer 41

Heparin

Question 42

The mast cells are responsible for synthesis and secretion which both have vasoactive properties.

Answer 42

Histamine and Prostaglandins

Question 43

Below the epidermis is the layer of fatty or adipose tissue called the __________.

Answer 43

Hypodermis

Question 44

The cells in this layer synthesize and store fast as an energy reserve.

Answer 44

Hypodermis

Question 45

It helps insulate the body from low external temperatures and to act as buffer against trauma.

Answer 45

Hypodermis

Question 46

Light, Pale White

Answer 46

Type I

Question 47

White, Fair

Answer 47

Type II

Question 48

Medium, White to Olive

Answer 48

Type III

Question 49

Olive, Moderate Brown

Answer 49

Type IV

Question 50

Brown, Dark Brown

Answer 50

Type V

Question 51

Brown, Very Dark, Brown to Black

Answer 51

Type VI

Question 52

A type of skin that always burns – never tans.

Answer 52

Type I

Question 53

A type of skin that burns easily – tans minimally.

Answer 53

Type II

Question 54

A type of skin that burns moderately – tans gradually to light brown.

Answer 54

Type III

Question 55

A type of skin that burns minimally – tans well to moderately brown.

Answer 55

Type IV

Question 56

A type of skin that rarely burns – tans profusely to dark brown.

Answer 56

Type V

Question 57

A type of skin that never burns – tans profusely.

Answer 57

Type VI

Question 58

This skin is neither too dry nor too oily. It has regular texture, no imperfections and clean, soft appearance, and does not need special care.

Answer 58

Normal Skin

Question 59

Its signs and symptoms may vary depending on different factors such as age, health status or their cause. It is generally characterized by feeling of tightness and roughness. It may also acquire an ashy gray color, with occurrence of desquamation, itching, redness and small cracks.

Answer 59

Dry Skin

Question 60

It has porous, humid and bright appearance. It is caused by excessive fat production by sebaceous glands, and usually determined by genetic and/or hormonal causes.

Answer 60

Oily Skin

Question 61

Based on its location, it presents characteristics of both dry and oily skin since the distribution of sebaceous and sweat glands is not homogenous.

Answer 61

Combination Skin

Question 62

It is more prone to react to stimuli to which normal skin has no reaction. It is fragile skin, usually accompanied by feelings of discomfort, such as heat, tightness, and redness or itching.

Answer 62

Sensitive Skin

Question 63

A facial care product that is used to remove make-up, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin of the face. This helps to unclog pores and prevent skin conditions such as acne.

Answer 63

Cleansers

Question 64

It is the first step in skin care regimen and can be used in addition of toner and moisturizer.

Answer 64

Cleansers

Question 65

The skin's surface pH is on average _____.

Answer 65

4

Question 66

Usually contain emulsifiers and natural oils to effectively lock moisture in, while eliminating impurities and preventing skin inflammation in the process.

Answer 66

Cream Cleansers

Question 67

It works by removing the excess and unnecessary oil from the skin's surface, preventing the formation of acne in the process.

Answer 67

Foam Cleansers

Question 68

A type of multi-purpose face wash that can help wash away normal dirt and debris as well as hard-to-remove makeup—all while helping to moisturize the skin.

Answer 68

Oil Cleansers

Question 69

A different texture than foaming cleansers and are usually thicker and provide small (if any) amount of foaming. They provide lighter cleaning experience, which makes them ideal for sensitive skin types.

Answer 69

Gel Cleansers

Question 70

It is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of your skin using the chemical, granular substance, etc...

Answer 70

Exfoliator

Question 71

Your skin naturally sheds dead skin cells to make room for new cells every __________ or so.

Answer 71

30 Days

Question 72

Two (2) Types of Exfoliation

Answer 72

1. Mechanical Exfoliation 2. Chemical Exfoliation

Question 73

This process involves physically scrubbing the skin with an abrasive.

Answer 73

Mechanical Exfoliation

Question 74

It may involve the use of products that contain alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), or enzymes that act to loosen the glue-like substance that holds the cells together, allowing them to ease away.

Answer 74

Chemical Exfoliation

Question 75

These are used to address specific skin concerns such as acne, dark spots, hyperpigmentation, fine lines and inflammation.

Answer 75

Treatments

Question 76

Four (4) Most Common Active Ingredients in Treatments

Answer 76

1. Retinoids 2. Topical Steroids 3. Salicylic Acid 4. Benzoyl Peroxide

Question 77

Example/s of Retinoids

Answer 77

• Tretinoin • Adapalene

Question 78

These are usually contain antioxidants, which help fight free radical damage.

Answer 78

Serums

Question 79

They are best used after your cleanser, and they can be used underneath moisturizer to treat the skin while sleeping.

Answer 79

Serums

Question 80

This remove the outer layer of the skin, which means they tend to go deeper to remove more excess dead skin cells than exfoliators.

Answer 80

Chemical Peel

Question 81

It shrinks pores and restores skin to its natural pH balance.

Answer 81

Toners

Question 82

A product that adds water, and often some emollients, to the skin.

Answer 82

Moisturizer

Question 83

Ingredients of Moisturizer

Answer 83

1. Humectant 2. Emollient 3. Occlusive

Question 84

An ingredient in skin or hair products that draws moisture from the air to moisturize the skin and also promotes the retention of moisture in the skin.

Answer 84

Humectant

Question 85

A skin conditioning agent which helps maintain the smooth, soft paliable appearance of the skin.

Answer 85

Emollient

Question 86

Substances that hold strongly to the surface of the skin, preventing access to the air and increasing absorption of cosmetic treatments.

Answer 86

Occlusives

Question 87

A lotion, spray, gel, foam, stick or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.

Answer 87

Sunscreen

Question 88

Two (2) Types of Sunscreen

Answer 88

1. Physical Sunscreen 2. Chemical Sunscreen

Question 89

A type of sunscreen that stays on the surface of the skin and mainly deflect the UV light.

Answer 89

Physical Sunscreen

Question 90

A type of sunscreen which absorb the UV light.

Answer 90

Chemical Sunscreen