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PCOS > [MIDTERMS] PCOS LEC - Skin > Flashcards

[MIDTERMS] PCOS LEC - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

It is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system.

A

Skin

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2
Q

In an average adult, skin covers the surface in excess of __________.

A

2 m²

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3
Q

With the exception of the skeletal muscles, the skin is the __________ organ of the body.

A

Heaviest

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4
Q

Two (2) Types of Skin

A
  1. Glabrous Skin
  2. Hairy Skin
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5
Q

It is the type of skin that found on the palms and soles of the feet, lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands but has very thick epidermis and encapsulated sense organs in the dermis.

A

Glabrous Skin

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6
Q

It is the type of skin that hair follicles and sebaceous glands are both present, but there are no encapsulated sensory organs.

A

Hairy Skin

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7
Q

It has large sebaceous glands associated with fine vellus hairs, contrasting sharply with the scalp, which contains large hair follicles.

A

Facial Skin

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8
Q

Functions of the Skin

A

• Protection
• Vitamin D Production
• Sensation
• Excretion
• Body Temperature Regulation

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9
Q

It serves as first line of defense against bacteria and viruses.

A

Protection

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10
Q

It protects underlying structures from UV radiation and dehydration.

A

Protection

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11
Q

It is needed for calcium absorption.

A

Vitamin D Production

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12
Q

Sensory Receptors

A

Sensation

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13
Q

Small amounts of waste products are lost through perspiration.

A

Excretion

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14
Q

(T/F): If too hot, blood vessels constrict. Vessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape.

A

F / Constrict / DILATE

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15
Q

(T/F): If too cold, dermal blood vessels dilate, this prevents heat from escaping.

A

F / Dilate / CONSTRICT

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16
Q

Three (3) Distinct Layers of the Skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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17
Q

It is an avascular structure, made up of many layers of cells.

A

Epidermis

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18
Q

The special structure of the epidermis is classified as __________.

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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19
Q

The epidermis is responsible for producing the main barrier known as the __________.

A

Horny Layer / Stratum Corneum

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20
Q

It forms the outermost part of the epidermis.

A

Horny Layer / Stratum Corneum

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21
Q

It is made up of water resistant dead cells, called Corneocytes, which are segmented together with complex lipid material.

A

Horny Layer

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22
Q

Three (3) Lower Living Layers of the Epidermis

A
  1. Germinative
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
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23
Q

Germinative is also called __________.

A

Basal Layer

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24
Q

Stratum Spinosum is also called __________.

A

Prickle Cell Layer

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25
Q

Stratum Granulosum is also called __________.

A

Granular Layer

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26
Q

It is characterized by the presence of distinctive keratohyalin granules.

A

Stratum Granulosum / Granular Layer

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27
Q

The dynamic process of epidermal renewal is known as __________.

A

Keratinization

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28
Q

Due to wear and tear, these cells in the horny layer are lost to the environment in the process called __________.

A

Desquamation

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29
Q

It functions as the supporting frame to the epidermis, supplying it with nutrients via the blood capillaries.

A

Dermis

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30
Q

It also supports the sensory nervous system, secretory glands and hair follicles.

A

Dermis

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31
Q

Composition of Dermis

A
  1. Collagen and Elastin
  2. Ground Substance
  3. Mast Cells
  4. Sweat Glands
  5. Sensory Skin Receptors
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32
Q

It forms the major constituent of the fibrous protein which gives the skin its tensile strength.

A

Collagen

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33
Q

The collagen fibers make up _____% of the wet weight of the dermis and are arranged largely as interwoven strands or bundles that lie in the plane which is parallel to the skin’s surface.

A

30%

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34
Q

This is the second type of protein fiber.

A

Elastin

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35
Q

This makes up smaller percentage and tends to be interwoven among the collagen bundles.

A

Elastin

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36
Q

It consists of salt, water and glycosaminoglycans.

A

Ground Substance

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37
Q

The latter form of ground substance complexes with protein molecules known as __________.

A

Proteoglycans

38
Q

The Best-Known Examples of Glycosaminoglycans

A
  1. Hyaluronic Acid
  2. Chondroitin Sulfate
39
Q

It is known to play vital role in the hydration of tissues since it carries with large volume of water.

A

Hyaluronic Acid

40
Q

These are the second major cell type in the dermis that can be found close to the small blood vessels.

A

Mast Cells

41
Q

The mast cells are responsible for synthesis and secretion which is an anticoagulant.

A

Heparin

42
Q

The mast cells are responsible for synthesis and secretion which both have vasoactive properties.

A

Histamine and Prostaglandins

43
Q

Below the epidermis is the layer of fatty or adipose tissue called the __________.

A

Hypodermis

44
Q

The cells in this layer synthesize and store fast as an energy reserve.

A

Hypodermis

45
Q

It helps insulate the body from low external temperatures and to act as buffer against trauma.

A

Hypodermis

46
Q

Light, Pale White

A

Type I

47
Q

White, Fair

A

Type II

48
Q

Medium, White to Olive

A

Type III

49
Q

Olive, Moderate Brown

A

Type IV

50
Q

Brown, Dark Brown

A

Type V

51
Q

Brown, Very Dark, Brown to Black

A

Type VI

52
Q

A type of skin that always burns – never tans.

A

Type I

53
Q

A type of skin that burns easily – tans minimally.

A

Type II

54
Q

A type of skin that burns moderately – tans gradually to light brown.

A

Type III

55
Q

A type of skin that burns minimally – tans well to moderately brown.

A

Type IV

56
Q

A type of skin that rarely burns – tans profusely to dark brown.

A

Type V

57
Q

A type of skin that never burns – tans profusely.

A

Type VI

58
Q

This skin is neither too dry nor too oily. It has regular texture, no imperfections and clean, soft appearance, and does not need special care.

A

Normal Skin

59
Q

Its signs and symptoms may vary depending on different factors such as age, health status or their cause. It is generally characterized by feeling of tightness and roughness. It may also acquire an ashy gray color, with occurrence of desquamation, itching, redness and small cracks.

A

Dry Skin

60
Q

It has porous, humid and bright appearance. It is caused by excessive fat production by sebaceous glands, and usually determined by genetic and/or hormonal causes.

A

Oily Skin

61
Q

Based on its location, it presents characteristics of both dry and oily skin since the distribution of sebaceous and sweat glands is not homogenous.

A

Combination Skin

62
Q

It is more prone to react to stimuli to which normal skin has no reaction. It is fragile skin, usually accompanied by feelings of discomfort, such as heat, tightness, and redness or itching.

A

Sensitive Skin

63
Q

A facial care product that is used to remove make-up, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin of the face. This helps to unclog pores and prevent skin conditions such as acne.

A

Cleansers

64
Q

It is the first step in skin care regimen and can be used in addition of toner and moisturizer.

A

Cleansers

65
Q

The skin’s surface pH is on average _____.

A

4

66
Q

Usually contain emulsifiers and natural oils to effectively lock moisture in, while eliminating impurities and preventing skin inflammation in the process.

A

Cream Cleansers

67
Q

It works by removing the excess and unnecessary oil from the skin’s surface, preventing the formation of acne in the process.

A

Foam Cleansers

68
Q

A type of multi-purpose face wash that can help wash away normal dirt and debris as well as hard-to-remove makeup—all while helping to moisturize the skin.

A

Oil Cleansers

69
Q

A different texture than foaming cleansers and are usually thicker and provide small (if any) amount of foaming. They provide lighter cleaning experience, which makes them ideal for sensitive skin types.

A

Gel Cleansers

70
Q

It is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of your skin using the chemical, granular substance, etc…

A

Exfoliator

71
Q

Your skin naturally sheds dead skin cells to make room for new cells every __________ or so.

A

30 Days

72
Q

Two (2) Types of Exfoliation

A
  1. Mechanical Exfoliation
  2. Chemical Exfoliation
73
Q

This process involves physically scrubbing the skin with an abrasive.

A

Mechanical Exfoliation

74
Q

It may involve the use of products that contain alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), or enzymes that act to loosen the glue-like substance that holds the cells together, allowing them to ease away.

A

Chemical Exfoliation

75
Q

These are used to address specific skin concerns such as acne, dark spots, hyperpigmentation, fine lines and inflammation.

A

Treatments

76
Q

Four (4) Most Common Active Ingredients in Treatments

A
  1. Retinoids
  2. Topical Steroids
  3. Salicylic Acid
  4. Benzoyl Peroxide
77
Q

Example/s of Retinoids

A

• Tretinoin
• Adapalene

78
Q

These are usually contain antioxidants, which help fight free radical damage.

A

Serums

79
Q

They are best used after your cleanser, and they can be used underneath moisturizer to treat the skin while sleeping.

A

Serums

80
Q

This remove the outer layer of the skin, which means they tend to go deeper to remove more excess dead skin cells than exfoliators.

A

Chemical Peel

81
Q

It shrinks pores and restores skin to its natural pH balance.

A

Toners

82
Q

A product that adds water, and often some emollients, to the skin.

A

Moisturizer

83
Q

Ingredients of Moisturizer

A
  1. Humectant
  2. Emollient
  3. Occlusive
84
Q

An ingredient in skin or hair products that draws moisture from the air to moisturize the skin and also promotes the retention of moisture in the skin.

A

Humectant

85
Q

A skin conditioning agent which helps maintain the smooth, soft paliable appearance of the skin.

A

Emollient

86
Q

Substances that hold strongly to the surface of the skin, preventing access to the air and increasing absorption of cosmetic treatments.

A

Occlusives

87
Q

A lotion, spray, gel, foam, stick or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.

A

Sunscreen

88
Q

Two (2) Types of Sunscreen

A
  1. Physical Sunscreen
  2. Chemical Sunscreen
89
Q

A type of sunscreen that stays on the surface of the skin and mainly deflect the UV light.

A

Physical Sunscreen

90
Q

A type of sunscreen which absorb the UV light.

A

Chemical Sunscreen

PCOS (6 decks)

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