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PMC112L - 2nd Sem/1st Cycle > Midterms [Lesson 1 & Prep. 1-10] > Flashcards

Midterms [Lesson 1 & Prep. 1-10] Flashcards

1
Q

A substance, other than food, that alters the functions of the body

A

DRUG

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2
Q

It is used for the diagnosis, prevention, alleviation, and mitigation of diseases.

A

DRUG

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3
Q

Drug is used for _ _ _ _

A

DPAM: Diagnosis, Prevention, Alleviation, Mitigation of diseases

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4
Q

Drug substance; is responsible for the pharmacological action or drug effect.

A

ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT (API)

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5
Q

Drug products/Final Product; The “drug carrier” used to deliver the API to the body

A

DOSAGE FORM or DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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6
Q

Liberation; drug products must first be released from the dosage form in the process known as liberation.

A

PHARMACEUTICAL PHASE

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7
Q

The processes the dissolved drug product undergoes;
“what the body does to the drug

A

PHARMACOKINETIC PHASE

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8
Q

Manifested by the drug effect/ interaction between the drug and the specific receptor; “what the drug does to the body”

A

PHARMACODYNAMIC PHASE

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9
Q

refers to the breaking down of solid pharmaceutical substances, like tablets, into smaller particles or granules to increase its solubility.

A

DISINTEGRATION

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10
Q

the process of breaking down and dissolving a substance, whether in liquid, gaseous, or solid form, into a solvent

A

DISSOLUTION

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11
Q

this refers to the process of the movement of the drug from the initial site of administration towards and into the bloodstream.

A

ABSORPTION

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12
Q

the process of breaking down the drug and its chemical modification in the body.

A

METABOLISM

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13
Q

the movement of the drug from the bloodstream towards the tissues of the body or the site of action (e.g., brain).

A

DISTRIBUTION

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14
Q

the removal of drugs from the body, either as a metabolite or unchanged drug

A

EXCRETION

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15
Q

is the process of preparing or mixing a practitioner’s prescription or drug order.

A

PHARMACY COMPOUNDING

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16
Q

is the production and promotion of drug products’ resale in pharmacies.

A

MANUFACTURING

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17
Q

are homogenous mixtures made of solutes and its solvent (vehicle).

A

SOLUTIONS

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18
Q

the vehicle in which the solute is carried in solution.

A

SOLVENT

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19
Q

Solutions where water is used as solvent

A

Aqueous Solution - prone to degradation like molds/microorganisms

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20
Q

Solutions where oil is used as solvent

A

Oleaginous Solution - prone to oxidation

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21
Q

component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent

A

SOLUTE

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22
Q

may be solid (such as NaCl), liquid (such as ethyl alcohol solution) or gas (such as hydrochloric acid)

A

SOLUTE

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23
Q

An oral means of administration; The most common and compliant route of drug administration

A

PERORAL

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24
Q

An administration route wherein the drug is administered into the systemic circulation through the veins

A

INTRAVENOUS

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25
Q

An administration route wherein the drug is administered into the systemic circulation through the airways

A

INHALATION

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26
Q

hard compressed pill that is composed entirely of medication

A

TABLETS

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27
Q

a dosage form that consists of an outer shell that encapsulates the powder or liquid medication

A

CAPSULES

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28
Q

a dosage form that consists of finely granulated solid particles of a medication

A

POWDERS

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29
Q

a dosage form that is a homogeneous liquid, consisting of solute/s mixed entirely and evenly dispersed in a solvent

A

SOLUTIONS

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30
Q

a monophasic liquid dosage form that can be aqueous or alcohol based and contains sugar

A

SYRUPS

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31
Q

a mixture that contains insoluble solid particles suspended in liquid media and is usually water based

A

SUSPENSIONS

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32
Q

oily semi solid substances that is applied to the affected area of the skin, healing and soothing various skin problems

A

OINTMENTS

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33
Q

water soluble semi solid substances applied to the skin

A

CREAM

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34
Q

dosage form that is composed of substances that dissolve at body temperature and is inserted into the rectum or vagina

A

SUPPOSITORIES

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35
Q

stirring a mixture to dissolve solid materials

A

AGITATION

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36
Q

a filtration process where large solid particles are allowed to settle at the bottom of a container and then pouring off the supernatant liquid carefully without disturbing the decanted particles

A

DECANTATION

37
Q

the process of removing solid particles in a mixture to obtain a clear, homogeneous preparation. This is carried out using mechanical filtering media (e.g. filter paper) or filtration aids (e.g. talc).

A

FILTRATION

38
Q

mixing the components of a semi-solid preparation with the aid of gentle heat

A

FUSION

39
Q

the process of reducing the particle size of solid ingredients by addition of a levigating agent (a liquid) and grinding with mortar and pestle into a smooth powder

A

LEVIGATION

40
Q

passing of a suitable solvent through a drug substance to extract a soluble component

A

PERCOLATION

41
Q

the addition of enough solvent to make up for the volume required in the prescription

A

Q.S. ADD

42
Q

is the process of adding all ingredients and mixing well

A

SIMPLE ADMIXTURE

43
Q

the process of reducing substances to fine particles by grinding in a mortar and pestle. This process also effectively mixing solid ingredients with perfume oils

A

TRITURATION

44
Q

using stirring as a means of agitating and affecting dissolution of the solute into the solvent

A

SIMPLE SOLUTION or ADMIXTURE

45
Q

What are the four (4) drug phases in drug action?

A

Drug product > Pharmaceutical phase > Pharmacokinetic phase > Pharmacodynamic phase

46
Q

What are the general steps in compounding process?

A

PCFC: Preparing, Compounding, Final checking, Cleaning

47
Q

Compounding Techniques in compounding a solution

A
  1. Use of cosolvent or solubilizing agent
  2. Application of heat
  3. Reduction of particle size
  4. Vigorous agitation
48
Q

SOLUTIONS ARE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF % STRENGTHS

A
  1. Percent weight-by-weight (%w/w) - solid preparation (solid active ingredient and solid vehicles or solvent)
  2. Percent weight-by-volume (%w/v) - liquid preparation (solid or gas active ingredient and liquid vehicle or solvent)
  3. Percent volume-by-volume (%v/v) -liquid preparation (liquid active ingredient and liquid vehicle or solvent)
49
Q

COLD

A

2-8℃ // 36-46°F

50
Q

COOL

A

8-15℃ // 46-59°F

51
Q

ROOM TEMP

A

20-25℃ // 68-77°F

52
Q

WARM

A

30-40℃ // 86-104°F

53
Q

EXCESSIVE HEAT

A

Above 40℃ // Above 104°F

54
Q

FREEZER

A

-25 to -10 ℃ // -13 to -14°F

55
Q

Appearance
clear, homogeneous, odorless

Synonym:
Hydrogen borate, Boron hydroxide, Boracic acid

Compounding:
Boric acid: 3g
Purified water: 21 ml + 39 ml

A

BORIC ACID SOLUTION, NF

56
Q

Method of preparation of Boric acid

A

Agitation/ Simple Admixture

57
Q

Boric acid concentration as eyewash

A

0.02%

58
Q

Appearance:
Clear, earthy smell, bitter taste

Synonym:
Slaked lime

Compounding:
Calcium hydroxide: 0.2g
Purified water: 60 ml

USES:
Topical medical salve, Gastric preparation, dental filling agent, PH buffer and neutralizer

A

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE, USP

59
Q

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE, USP turns into _______ ________ WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR

A

Insoluble carbonate

60
Q

Appearance:
Clear, Pungent/Marker-like smell

Synonym:
Orthohydroxybenzioc acid

Compounding:
Salicylic acid: 6g
Alcohol: 24 ml + 36 ml

USES:
Kerytolic, Treats acne, dandruff, calluses, corn, warts

A

SALICYLIC ACID SOLUTION, 10%

61
Q

Chemical classification of SALICYLIC ACID SOLUTION, 10%

A

Beta hydroxy acid (BHA)

62
Q

Appearance:
Brown-orange, faint iodine smell
STARCH TEST: bluish-purple

Synonym:
Lugol’s Solution

Compounding:
Iodine: 3g
Potassium Iodide: 6g
Purified water: 60 ml

USES:
Overactive thyroid, iodine deficiency, antiseptic

A

STRONG IODINE SOLUTION, USP

63
Q

Appearance:
Clear, Salty smell

Compounding:
Sodium Chloride: 0.5g
Potassium Chloride: 0.1g
Calcium Chloride: 0.1g
Purified water (Boiled): 60ml

USES:
Intravenous solution; Dehydration, Flow of IV medication, Restoring fluid, Keeping an IV catheter open

A

RINGER’S SOLUTION, NF

64
Q

This is not for parenteral administration

A

RINGER’S SOLUTION, NF

65
Q

Appearance:
Golden-brown, Lysol/bleach smell

Compounding:
Boric acid: 1.5g
Thymol: 0.03g
Chlorothymol: 0.03g
Menthol: 0.03g
Eucalyptol: 0.01ml
Methyl salicylate: 0.01ml
Thyme oil: 0.001ml
Alcohol: 18ml
Purified water: 60ml

USES:
Antiseptic

A

ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION, NF

66
Q

ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION, NF

Responsible for Antiseptic action

A

Boric acid

67
Q

ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION, NF

Serves as filtering aid

A

Talc

68
Q

ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION, NF

Aids in solubilization of volatile substances

A

Alcohol

69
Q

Thyme Oil

A

Thyme (Mint family/ Lamiaceae)

70
Q

Eucalyptus Oil

A

Eucalyptus Leaf (Myrtle family/ Myrtaceae)

71
Q

Menthol

A

Peppermint (Lamiaceae)

72
Q

Methyl Salicylate

A

Wintergreen Leaf (Heath family/ Ericaceae)

73
Q

Thymol

A

Thyme (Mint family/ Lamiaceae)

74
Q

Thyme

A

Thyme (Mint family/ Lamiaceae)

75
Q

Compounding:
Potassium bicarbonate: 1.2g
Sodium borate: 1.2g
Thymol: 0.03g
Eucalyptol: 0.06 ml
Methyl salicylate: 0.03g
Amaranth solution: 0.84 ml
Alcohol: 3 ml
Glycerin: 6 ml
Purified water: 60 ml

USES:
to rinse your teeth, gums, and mouth.
It usually contains an antiseptic to kill harmful bacteria that can live between your teeth and on your tongue

A

MOUTHWASH, NF

76
Q

Bad breath

A

Halitosis

77
Q

Treats throat infections

A

Gargle

78
Q

Colorant (red)

A

Amaranth solution

79
Q

Synonym:
Citrate of Magnesia

Compounding:
Magnesium carbonate: 2.6g
Citric acid (anhydrous): 4.2g
Syrup: 10.3g
Talc: 0.86g
Lemon oil: 0.017 ml
Potassium bicarbonate: 0.43g
Purified water: 60 ml

USES:
Saline laxative, treats constipation

A

MAGNESIUM CITRATE SOLUTION, USP

80
Q

MAGNESIUM CITRATE SOLUTION, USP

Enhances physical properties of Magnesium carbonate

A

Citric acid

81
Q

MAGNESIUM CITRATE SOLUTION, USP

Makes solution palatable and effective

A

Syrup and Potassium bicarbonate

82
Q

Appearance:
Whitish color, Vinegar smell

Synonym:
Burow’s Solution (FROM KARL AUGUST BUROW)

Compounding:
Aluminum sulfate: 5.2g
Lead acetate: 9g
Purified water: 60 ml

USES:
Topical astringent; Treats inflammation, stinging, and heals skin

A

ALUMINUM ACETATE SOLUTION, USP

83
Q

stops/ slows microorganism growth

A

Antiseptic

84
Q

Causes skin contraction, shrinkage, and drying of oils from skin

A

Astringent

85
Q

Appearance:
Orange color, Pungent smell

Synonym:
Vlemnickx’s Solution

Compounding:
Lime: 9.9g
Sublimed sulfur: 15g
Purified water: 60 ml

USES:
Treats ringworm infection, scabies, pediculosis

A

SULFURATED LIME SOLUTION, NF

86
Q

Chemical composition of SULFURATED LIME SOLUTION, NF

A

CaO

87
Q

Active ingredients present when sulfur reacts with lime

A

Calcium pentasulfide (2CaS5) and Calcium thiosulfate (CaS2O3)

88
Q

Plant insecticide

A

20% concentration SULFURATED LIME SOLUTION, NF

PMC112L - 2nd Sem/1st Cycle (4 decks)

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