Midterms: Alkanes Flashcards
What are the different kinds of structures for organic molecules?
Molecular formula
Condensed Structure
Lewis Structure
Skeletal Structure
Ball and Stick Model
Kekule (Straight Line)
Condensed Formulas
Bond line Formulas
What is the most common form of Vitamin A?
Retinol
These structures are represented not by electron dots but by line.
Kekule Structures
Made up of elemental symbols. They are written in single lines to save space and make it more convenient and faster to write out.
Condensed Formulas
Used to write carbon and hydrogen atoms more efficiently by replacing the letter c with lines.
Bond-Line (Zig-Zag) Formulas
A widely used way of showing the 3D structure of molecules.
Dashed-Wedged Line Structure
Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only what?
Carbon and Hydrogen
Two main classes of hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
When did the classification date back to?
19th Century
What were the two sources?
Fats and Oils
Where did the word aliphatic derive from?
from the word aleiphar (fat)
Three major groups of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons?
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
Single Bond
Alkanes
Double Bond
Alkenes
Triple Bond
Alkynes
Another name for Aromatic Hydrocarbons?
Arenes
The most important aromatic hydrocarbon?
Benzene
Hydrocarbons are further categorized into two, what are they?
Saturated Hydrocarbons and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
What are under saturated hydrocarbons?
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
What are under unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
These are alkanes that contain a ring of three or more carbons.
Cycloalkanes
What is IUPAC?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Is an atom or group of atoms attached to a chain or ring of carbon atoms?
Substituent
Is the group of atoms that would be obtained by removing a hydfrogen atom from an alkane?
Alkyl Group
Two common alkyl groups?
1 and two carbon alkyl group. Methyl and Ethyl group
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in ____?
Water
How many degC increases in boiling point for every carbon atom added to the chain?
increase30
Another name for Alkyl Halides?
Halogenated Alkanes
Same Molecular formula but different structure?
Isomers
