midterms air pollution Module based

Question 1

The ________, the atmospheric layer nearest the Earth’s surface, contains most of the planet’s air-the mixture of gases that people depend on to stay alive.

Answer 1

Troposphere

Question 2

The ______________ is the mixture of gases that surround the Earth. It is made up of ________, the innermost two of which contain most of these gases.

Answer 2

Atmosphere : 5 layers

Question 3

Troposphere is made up of _________________________________________

Answer 3

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% mixture of other gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, helium, and argon.

Question 4

The ___________ is responsible for maintaining the conducive temperature of the earth, allowing various organisms to thrive.

Answer 4

Troposphere

Question 5

The ________ is the Earth’s second layer of air.

Answer 5

Stratosphere

Question 6

It contains much of the atmosphere’s ozone gas (O3), which lies in a
sub-layer of the lower stratosphere known as the ozone layer.

Answer 6

Stratosphere

Question 7

This _____________serves as a sunscreen for the planet by filtering out about 95% of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it can reach the Earth’s surface.

Answer 7

stratospheric ozone gas

Question 8

This stratospheric ozone gas serves as a sunscreen for the planet by filtering out about ____________________ before it can reach the Earth’s surface.

Answer 8

95% of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 9

Four major problems involving the atmosphere

Answer 9

global warming, air pollution, acid deposition, and ozone depletion.

Question 10

_______ refers to the accelerating rate in the increase of the average global temperature.

Answer 10

Global warming

Question 11

Global warming due to the rapid increase in ________ found in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities.

Answer 11

greenhouse gases

Question 12

Solar radiation that reaches the surface of the earth is absorbed and then re-emitted back by the heated surface as _______________

Answer 12

Infrared radiation (IR).

Question 13

This is the heat that we feel if we touch a surface that has absorbed solar radiation.

Answer 13

Infrared radiation (IR).

Question 14

T or F

The heat absorbing components of the atmosphere allows the IR from escaping,

Answer 14

False

prevent not allows

Question 15

Origin of the word greenhouse effect.

Answer 15

the heat trapped in a farmer’s greenhouse,

Question 16

Among the components of the atmosphere, ______ and _____ absorb little or no radiation.

Answer 16

nitrogen and oxygen

Question 17

Among the components of the atmosphere, the minor components are the effective absorbers of IR, particularly ________ and _________.

Answer 17

carbon dioxide and water vapor

Question 18

T or F

The Earth would be too cold for most life if it were not for the greenhouse effect.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Causes of Global Warming

Answer 19

1. Burning of Fossil Fuel
2. Deforestation
3. Agriculture and Farming Practices

Question 20

_________ is a greenhouse gas that is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, such as animal wastes and dead plant materials, which is a natural process

Answer 20

Methane

Question 21

_____________ absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Answer 21

Photosynthetic organisms

Question 22

there are also the increased amounts of tiny particles in the lower atmosphere that scientists call ______________

Answer 22

‘black carbon’ (soot or smoke)

Question 23

_______ are the largest photosynthetic organisms and responsible for absorbing the greatest amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Answer 23

Trees

Question 24

Lungs of the earth

Answer 24

Amazon forest

Question 25

Human activities that lead to the removal or destruction of vast amounts of trees is called

Answer 25

deforestation

Question 26

the number one cause of methane release in the atmosphere

Answer 26

increased agricultural activities

Question 27

Effects of Global Warming

Answer 27

Climate Change

Question 28

is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have
come to define Earth’s local, regional, and global climates.

Answer 28

Climate Change

Question 29

Due to ___________, the climatic patterns of the earth changed rapidly, especially for cold areas.

Answer 29

global warming

Question 30

____________ is the presence of chemicals in the air, called air pollutants,

Answer 30

Air pollution

Question 31

____________ include all chemicals that are emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities and that are build up to harmful levels.

Answer 31

Primary air pollutants

Question 32

________ are harmful chemicals that form in the air by reacting with primary pollutants

Answer 32

Secondary air pollutants

Question 33

Major Air Pollutants

Answer 33

Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
Carbon monoxide
Ozone and Photochemical oxidants
Lead
Particulate matter
Mercury from coal

Question 34

Causes and Sources of Air Pollution

Answer 34

1. Indoor/household air pollution
2. Outdoor ambient air pollution

Question 35

any activity that involves burning releases pollutants in the atmosphere

Answer 35

Outdoor ambient air pollution

Question 36

In Causes and Sources of Air Pollution

Kerosene for cooking or oil lamps release the pollutants ethylene, Sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide

Answer 36

Indoor/household air pollution

Question 37

Effects of Air Pollution

Answer 37

1. Formation of photochemical smog and acid rain
2. Depletion of nutrients from soil and waterways
3. Can harm forests and crops
4. Damage cultural icons such as monuments and statues
5. Respiratory and related health problems for animals, especially humans

Question 38

Solutions to Air Pollution

Answer 38

1. Air pollution cleanup strategies
2. Pollution prevention
3. Enacting laws against air pollution

Question 39

Acid deposition, also called ____________

Answer 39

acid rain,

Question 40

acid rain , also called_______________

Answer 40

Acid deposition

Question 41

Refers to acidic particles and droplets falling from the air or washed out of the air by precipitation onto land and into aquatic systems.

Answer 41

Acid deposition or Acid rain

Question 42

In acid deposition ,, Gravity and precipitation
eventually return the suspended particles and droplets to the earth’s surface in two forms. ___________ or ________ deposition

Answer 42

Wet deposition, Dry deposition

Question 43

Wet deposition, which consists of

Dry deposition made up of

Answer 43

Wet deposition = acidic rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor.

Dry deposition = acidic particles.

Question 44

Effects of Acid Deposition

Answer 44

1. Respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma
2. Leaching of toxic metals such as lead and copper from water pipes into drinking water
3. Damages statues, buildings, metals, and car finishes. Limestone and marble are
   especially susceptible.
4. Increased acidity on aquatic ecosystems:
5. Damage to crops (especially at when soil pH falls below 5.1)
6. Prevents seed germination
7. Leach essential plant nutrients such as calcium and magnesium
8. Weaken trees and other plants so they become more susceptible to other types of
   damage

Question 45

Solutions to acid deposition

Answer 45

1. Cleanup strategies
2. Prevention
3. Enacting laws against air pollution

Question 46

the portion of the stratosphere where ozone molecules are present, mixed in among the other gases that comprise the atmosphere.

Answer 46

ozone layer

Question 47

Near the ground, ______________ is an air pollutant that causes lung damage and asthma attacks.

Answer 47

ozone (O3)

Question 48

The ozone layer is where about __________ of the ozone in the Earth system is found.

Answer 48

90%

Question 49

________absorbs the most energetic wavelengths of ultraviolet light, known as UV-C and UV-B, wavelengths that harm living things.

Answer 49

Ozone

Question 50

Together, ________________ molecules are able to absorb 95 to 99.9% of the ultraviolet radiation that gets to our planet.

Answer 50

ozone and oxygen