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NTROPSY > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

sensitivity to spoken and written language

A

Linguistic Intelligence

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2
Q

ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals

A

Linguistic Intelligence

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3
Q

effectively use language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically

A

Linguistic Intelligence

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4
Q

language as a means to remember information.

A

Linguistic Intelligence

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5
Q

People with high Linguistic Intelligence

A

Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers

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6
Q

analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically and investigate issues scientifically.

A

Logical-mathematical intelligence

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7
Q

scientific and mathematical thinking.

A

Logical-mathematical intelligence

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8
Q

performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns

A

Musical intelligence

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9
Q

encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.

A

Musical intelligence

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10
Q

potential of using one’s whole body or parts of the body to solve problems

A

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

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11
Q

ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements.

A

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

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12
Q

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

A

athletes and people involved in the performing arts.

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13
Q

recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas

A

Spatial intelligence

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14
Q

to represent the spatial world internally in your mind – the way a sailor or airplane pilot navigates the large _________world,

A

Spatial intelligence

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15
Q

the way a chess player or sculptor represents a more circumscribed_______world.

A

Spatial intelligence

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16
Q

to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people.

A

Interpersonal intelligence

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17
Q

allows people to work effectively with others.

A

Interpersonal intelligence

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18
Q

Interpersonal intelligence

A

Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders and counselors

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19
Q

capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one’s feelings, fears and motivations

A

Intrapersonal intelligence

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20
Q

having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives

A

Intrapersonal intelligence

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21
Q

Intrapersonal intelligence

A

They tend to know what they can’t do. And they tend to know where to go if they need help

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22
Q

deals with sensing patterns in and making connections to elements in nature.

A

Naturalist Intelligence

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23
Q

interested in other species, or in the environment and the earth.

A

Naturalist Intelligence

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24
Q

possessing nature smarts are keenly aware of their surroundings and changes in their environment, even if these changes are at minute or subtle levels
> highly developed levels of ______________

A

sensory perceptionNaturalist Intelligence

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25
Q

heightened senses may help them notice similarities, differences and changes in their surroundings more rapidly than others.

A

Naturalist Intelligence

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26
Q

able to categorize or catalogue things easily too.

A

Naturalist Intelligence

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27
Q

may notice things others might not be aware of

A

Naturalist Intelligence

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28
Q

exhibit the proclivity to pose (and ponder) questions about life, death, and ultimate realities.

A

Existential Intelligence

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29
Q

__________or the retention of information over time that involves 3 processes:
1.
2.
3.

A

Memory

  1. Encoding - putting into memory
  2. Storage – maintaining in memory
  3. Retrieval recovering from memory
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30
Q

Memory can either be

A

SHORT-TERM or LONG-TERM:

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31
Q

Storage of material for a matter of seconds

A

SHORT TERM MEMORY

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32
Q

needs ATTENTION
• Memory problems are lapses in attention
• Coding: _____________ or __________

A

SHORT TERM MEMORY
Encoding

Acoustic (sound) or Visual (sight)

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33
Q

___________ memory, what process?

Limited capacity:__ items (7 + 2)
• Hermann E__________ “the magic number 7”
• CHUNKING
> Example:

A 
Short term!! 
Encoding
> 7
> Hermann Ebbinghaus
> an organizational strategy that involves grouping information into higher order units that can be remembered as single units.

> 124556787 to 124-556-787

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34
Q

___________ memory, what process?

decay with time or displaced by new items; slows down when number or items increases

A

Short term!!
Retrieval
• FORGETTING

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35
Q

Continuing storage of information

A

LONG TERM MEMORY

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36
Q

~ poor visual acuity, nearsighted

~ attracted to curved lines, high contrast, interesting edges, movement, complexity

A

CHILD DEVELOPMENT (0-12 y.o.)
Physical Development
Vision

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37
Q

~ head-turning; distinguishing sounds, even human voice

A

CHILD DEVELOPMENT (0-12 y.o.)
Physical Development
Hearing

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38
Q

~ can discriminate taste shortly after birth ( sweet  salty, sour, bitter)
~ can discriminate odor

A

CHILD DEVELOPMENT (0-12 y.o.)
Physical Development
Taste and Smell

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39
Q

growth rate begins to slow

- development of fine and gross motor skills

A

Early Childhood (4-6 years old)

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40
Q
  • motor developments are smoother, more coordinated

B. Cognitive

A

Middle and Late Childhood (7-12 years old)

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41
Q

By JEAN PIAGET

_________VS ______________ or _____+____________?

A

By JEAN PIAGET
Nature vs. Nurture? Or Nature + Nurture?
CHILD

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42
Q

> attempt to understand a new object or event in terms of a pre-existing schema (idea)

A

ASSIMILATION

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43
Q

> an active participant, an inquiring scientist who conducts experiments on the world

A

CHILD

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44
Q

ACCOMODATION

A

modifying the schema and extending the “theory”

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45
Q

Children’s ability to think and reason progress through ________________

A

qualitatively distinct stages as they mature.

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46
Q

Understanding the world through our senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)

A

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE (0-2 y.o.)

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47
Q

Language

- The child does not comprehend OPERATIONS and can not do mental manipulation yet.

A

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (2-7 y.o.)

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48
Q

Words as symbols that can represent things; one object can represent another
Example: Box = Car

A

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (2-7 y.o.)

49
Q

Preoperational thinking is dominated by

A

visual impressions

50
Q

Example: What is love?
Love is Mom.
Love is God.
Love is like rosary that is full of mysteries.

A

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE (7-11 y.o.)

51
Q

Use of abstract terms but only doing so in relation to CONCRETE objects that they have direct sensory access

A

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE (7-11 y.o.)

52
Q

Logical Thinking and abstraction
Example:
In what way are juice and soda alike?
They are both liquid.

A

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE (11 y.o. - up)

53
Q

Socioemotional Development

A

Erik Erikson’s Theory

54
Q

social relations are

A

essential; resolution of stage “crises”

55
Q

1 yo:
2:
3-5:
6-11:

A

TRUST vs. MISTRUST
AUTONOMY vs. DOUBT
INITIATIVE vs. GUILT
INDUSTRY vs. INFERIORITY

56
Q

is a pattern of change that takes place from conception till death

A

Development

57
Q

 Puberty stage
 Period of sexual maturation
 Characterized by the________________________(rapid physical growth & gradual development of secondary sex characteristics)

A 
ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT (13 – 19 y.o.)
Physical Development
Adolescent Growth Spurt
58
Q

Menarche

A

1st menstrual period; 11- 17 years old, 18 months after a girl’s growth spurt has peaked

59
Q

Ejaculation

A

discharge of semen; occurs about 2 yrs after growth spurt begins

60
Q

Cognitive Development

Formal operational stage

A

Capacity for abstraction, idealism, reasoning

61
Q

Cognitive Development

Egocentrism

A

belief that others are preoccupied by them; belief that he/she is unique and indestructible

62
Q

Adolescence as a period of “storm” and “stress”

A

Socioemotional Development

63
Q
  • Puberty also affects self-esteem, mood and relationships because of…
A

o Hormonal changes
o Personal and social effects of the body’s changes
o Timing of change

64
Q

IDENTITY vs. IDENTITY CONFUSION
Who am I?”
Identity

A

is the coherent sense of self

65
Q

Identity Crisis

A

the active process of self-definition or role experimentation

66
Q

Identity Statuses

A

(James Marcia)

67
Q

IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT

A

Decided on identity after passing through a crisis

68
Q

FORECLOSURE

A

Decided on identity but did not go through a crisis

69
Q

MORATORIUM

A

Currently in the midst of a crisis; active questioning

70
Q

IDENTITY DIFFUSION

A

No integrated sense of self; inactive

71
Q

EARLY ADULTHOOD -
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD -
LATE ADULTHOOD -

A

20 – 39 years old
40 - 65 years old
66 years old and above

72
Q

At __, physical performance is at its peak; body at its healthiest (sports and childbearing)

A

Early Adulthood

73
Q

At around ___, skills also begin to decline such as strength and speed

A

Early Adulthood

74
Q

Tendency to ignore unhealthy practices such as drinking, smoking, bad eating habits, etc.

A

Early Adulthood

75
Q 
Apparent changes in physical appearance
- Skin sags, pigments and wrinkles
- Loss of weight
- For women, \_\_\_\_\_\_means menopause is nearing
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_become health conscious
A

Middle Adulthood

76
Q

Changes in appearance become more pronounced

  • Slower reflexes, poorer eyesight, decreased stamina
  • Bone tissue loss (e.g.,____________)
  • Chronic diseases become more common (e.g., ______________________)
A

Late Adulthood

osteoporosis
arthritis, rheumatism

77
Q

Formal operational thinking

- Compared to adolescents, thinking is more

A

Cognitive Development
Early Adulthood
pragmatic and realistic

78
Q

____Intelligence increases while _________Intelligence declines

A

Crystallized, Fluid

79
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

An individual’s accumulated information and verbal skills

80
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

An individual’s ability to reason abstractly

81
Q

Speed of processing information declines

A

Late Adulthood

82
Q

Memory weakens and sometimes deteriorates

A

Late Adulthood

83
Q

Wisdom, or the expert knowledge about practical aspects of life, improves

A

Late Adulthood

84
Q

Cognitive decline may be prevented with mental training

A

Late Adulthood

85
Q

People commit to an occupation and intimate relationships
Erikson:_____________VS___________(“to commit or not to commit?”)
IDENTITY is a precursor to______________

A

Socioemotional Development
Early Adulthood
INTIMACY vs. ISOLATION
INTIMACY

86
Q

Erikson:
Some experience____________
Thinking in terms of years left to live

A

Middle Adulthood

Erikson: GENERATIVITY vs. STAGNATION

87
Q

Generativity

A

guiding the younger generation in developing & leading useful lives

88
Q

Stagnation

A

aving done nothing to help the younger generation

89
Q

Erikson: _________VS____________

become more selective of their social networks

A

Late Adulthood
INTEGRITY vs. DESPAIR

Older people

90
Q

Integrity

A

having a sense of “wholeness” and integrity of a life well-lived

91
Q

Despair

A

looking back with regret seeing life as a series of missed opportunities and failures

92
Q

the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, etc.

A

Clinical Psychology.

93
Q

Psychiatrists: _____________;clinical: ____________

A

MEDICAL DOCTORS, work hand in hand to treat a patient.

94
Q

deal with students, employees, athletes and families with problems.

A

Counseling Psychology.

95
Q

focuses on the physical/biological, cognitive and socio-emotional changes that a person experiences from conception to death.

A

Developmental Psychology.

96
Q

how our mental processes work

how the mind attends, memorizes, learns, decides and solve problems.

A

Cognitive Psychology.

97
Q

social interactions, relationships, social perceptions, attraction, and attitudes. This is the study of how the individual and the society affect each other

A

Social Psychology.

98
Q

why an individual is different from another individual because of his cultural factors. It explains what part of a person is influenced by his/her culture

A

Cultural Psychology.

99
Q

universal (common to all cultures) or culture specific by comparing several people from different cultures.

A

Cross-cultural Psychology

100
Q

enduring traits and characteristics of individuals. It deals primarily on theories on why we think, feel and behave the way we think, feel and behave.

A

Personality Psychology.

101
Q

with a student’s learning and adjustment in school. It studies on how students can effectively learn from the school system and environment

A

School and educational Psychology

102
Q

determines what factors can motivate employees to perform well.

A

Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

103
Q

focuses on biological processes, especially the brain’s role in behavior.

A

Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology.

104
Q

Experimental Psychology.

A

conduct experiments regarding various topics in different areas in psychology such as, sensation and perception, personality, cognition, social behavior, etc.

105
Q

dedicated in constructing, administering, scoring and interpreting psychological tests.

A

Psychometrics.

106
Q

those who do not go to hospitals and clinics because of financial concerns, lack of access, and fear of stigmatization

A

Community & Health Psychology.

107
Q

in relating psychology with law and criminal behavior.

A

Forensic Psychology.

108
Q

how athletes can improve their performance using concepts and principles in psychology.

A

Sports Psychology

109
Q

the nature and the individual affect each other

A

Environmental Psychology

110
Q

emphasizes happiness, wisdom, resilience, hope, optimism, etc.

A

Positive Psychology

111
Q

empower women and establishing the importance of their role in the society.

A

Psychology of women

112
Q

effect of the belief on paranormal phenomenon on human behavior.

A

Parapsychology

113
Q

used to measure a construct (depression, anxiety, happiness, intelligence, interests, etc).

A

Standardized test

114
Q

multi-method (observation, interviews, tests, etc) studies to deeply understand a person or his/her condition or a phenomenon that is rarely observed.

A

Case studies

115
Q

to establish cause and effect (causality).

A

Experiment

116
Q

investigate the possible relationship of variables

A

Correlation

117
Q

want to gather data unobtrusively

A

Archives, documents and traces

118
Q

heartbeat, pupil dilation, perspiration and other bodily responses that represent a behavior or emotion

A

Physiological researches

119
Q

An example of this is pakikipagkwentuhan wherein participants are free to tell stories regarding a topic and another is pakikipanuluyan wherein the researcher will live with the participants and adapt to their lifestyle.

A

“Indigenous methods”

NTROPSY (5 decks)

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