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BALLISTICS > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the motion of projectiles

A

Ballistics

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2
Q

To throw

A

Ballo or ballein

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3
Q

Balista means

A

Gigantic bow or catapult

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4
Q

Systemized body of knowledge

A

Science

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5
Q

Refers to bullet/slug/ball/pellet/flechette that passes through the barrel of FA

A

Projectile

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6
Q

The science if FA identification by means of the ammunition fired through them

A

Forensic ballistics

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7
Q

As applied to ballistics or to any other subjects suggests a relationship to a court of justice and legal proceedings.

A

Forensic

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8
Q

Forensis means - ___ that means ____

A

Forum
Public/ market place

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9
Q

Movement of projectile inside and outside barrel

A

Motion

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10
Q

Forward movement of projectile with the action of expansive force of gases.

A

Direct motion

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11
Q

The turning of bullet inside and outside barrel with the action of the rifling

A

Rotary motion

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12
Q

Movement of projectile after hitting the target

A

Translational motion

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13
Q

Also called internal ballistic

A

Interior ballistics

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14
Q

Study of projectile while still inside the barrel

A

Interior ballistic

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15
Q

From breech to the muzzle of barrel

A

Interior ballistic

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16
Q

Failure of cartridge to explode

A

Misfire

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17
Q

Delay of explosion

A

Hangfire

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18
Q

Created during manufacture such as spiral cutting of the grooves

A

Irregularities

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19
Q

Caused by tools in the manufacture of the chamber

A

Scratches

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20
Q

Not polished well

A

Roughness

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21
Q

Caused by drill blade and is beyond the control of a man

A

Imperfections

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22
Q

The chamber pressure is 46,000 per square inch (psi)

A

Caliber .357

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23
Q

Occurs when shell is separated from the bullet, the shell will be pushed back to the breech face leaving such marks

A

Breechface marks

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24
Q

Refers to the fatal equivalent of a bullet

A

Energy

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25
Q

Rearward movement of the gun caused by equal and opposite reaction of the gun against the forward movement of the bullet after the explosion

A

Recoil

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26
Q

For every action there is a corresponding reaction

A

Kinetic Energy Principle

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27
Q

Gadget that is attached to the muzzle of the gun to reduce recoil

A

Compensator/ muzzle break

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28
Q

Used to load proper amount of gunpowder in every ammunition

A

Ballistics Data

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29
Q

This has gyroscopic stability

A

Rifled-bore Barrels

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30
Q

The bullet will just move forward with no gyroscopic stability

A

Smooth-bore barrels

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31
Q

The ability of the bullet within effective range due to the twist of the rifling

A

Gyroscopic stability

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32
Q

Metal strips left by bullet inside

A

Metal fowl

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33
Q

Lubricant substance used ti prevent the adherence if metal fowl

A

Graphite

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34
Q

After leaving the muzzle to before immediately hitting the target

A

Exterior ballistics

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35
Q

Noise or sound created at the muzzle

A

Muzzle blast

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36
Q

Energy generated at the muzzle

A

Muzzle energy

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37
Q

Actual curve path of the bullet

A

Trajectory

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38
Q

Between muzzle and the target

A

Range

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39
Q

Distance at which the bullet is expected to be lethal

A

Effective/ accurate range

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40
Q

Maximum projectile a bullet can reach

A

Maximum range

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41
Q

Rate of the speed of a bullet

A

Velocity

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42
Q

Capacity of a bullet to resist air during its flight from the muzzle if the gun

A

Air resistance

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43
Q

Dragging if a bullet downward due to air resistance

A

Aerodynamic drag

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44
Q

The deceleration of a byllet on flight due to gravity

A

Ballistic pendulum

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45
Q

Allows a body at rest to remain at rest or body in motion to remain in motion

A

Inertia

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46
Q

The unstable movement of bullet on flight such as wobbling (tail wag) or tumbling of bullet before hitting the target

A

Yawing

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47
Q

Caused by yawing of bullet resulting to hitting of target sideways resulting to oval-like entry of bullet

A

Keyhole shot

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48
Q

The downward movement of the bullet after reaching its maximum range

A

Pull of gravity

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49
Q

the entry of the bullet in the target

A

Penetration

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50
Q

The bouncing of a projectile after hitting a surface

A

Ricochet

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51
Q

The study of effects/impact of projectile to the target

A

Terminal Ballistics

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52
Q

Size of the bullet grouping on the target

A

Terminal accuracy

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53
Q

Energy of the projectile upon striking the target

A

Terminal Energy

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54
Q

Depth of the bullet penetration on the target

A

Terminal Penetration

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55
Q

Speed of the bullet inside the target

A

Terminal Velocity

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56
Q

Science of FA identification by means of ammunition fired through them

A

Forensic Ballistics

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57
Q

Refers to the work of an investigator in the field

A

Field Investigation

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58
Q

Refers to the examination/comparison conducted by Firearm Examiner

A

Technical Examination

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59
Q

The presentation of the “Ballistics Report” on firearms, bullet, shells, and allied exhibits in court

A

Legal Proceedings

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60
Q

Receives and conducts the laboratory examination at the laboratory and transmit the result of such examination to the requesting party

A

Forensic Examiner

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61
Q

Focused with the study of shots/pellets from smoothbore firearms like shotguns and muskets

A

Shot Ballistics

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62
Q

Discharge single but usually multiple shots/pellets in a single fire

A

Shotguns

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63
Q

Another smoothbore firearm that discharges single ball in one firing

A

Musket

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64
Q

Can be found at a distance of 5-8 yards

A

Shot wads

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65
Q

With the use of shotgun appear externally with a circular defect approximating the bore of the weapon used

A

Contact wounds

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66
Q

Appears with smudges of gunpowder with cherry-red discoloration

A

Muzzle Imprint

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67
Q

Expressed in hundredths of an inch

A

American System

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68
Q

Expressed in thousandths of an inch

A

English System

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69
Q

Expressed in millimeters

A

Continental/ European System

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70
Q

CHAPTER 2

An engine of war that throws rocks, arrows, or missiles

A

Gunne

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71
Q

Includes all rifles, revolvers, pistols, muskets, shotguns, carbines and all other deadly weapons from which a projectile maybe discharged

A

Firearms (legal)

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72
Q

Used in the propulsion of projectile by means of expansive force of gases from burning gunpowder

A

Firearms (technical)

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73
Q

Designed to be fired from the shoulder

A

Rifle

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74
Q

Smoothbore FA designed to shoot single pellet

A

Musket

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75
Q

Smoothbore FA designed to shoot several pellets

A

Shotgun

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76
Q

A handgun with rotating cylinder. Kinds of Solid Frame (S.Colt), Swing-out (US), and Breaktop (UK). As to firing mechanism, it could be single or double action

A

Revolver

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77
Q

A handgun that could be semi-auto or auto/full auto. Process includes: loading, cocking, and firing

A

Pistol

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78
Q

The smallest pistol in the world, made in 1914

A

Kolibri Auto Pistol

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79
Q

Now, considered the most powerful handgun in the world. It replaced magnum .44

A

Caliber .50

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80
Q

A caliber .30 smooth-bore FA invented by David Carbine William having a barrel of not more than 22 inches

A

Carbine

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81
Q

A FA that requires manually cocking the hammer before pressure upon the trigger when firing

A

Single Action

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82
Q

A FA in which pressure upon trigger automatically releases the hammer.

A

Double Action

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83
Q

No rifling (lands and grooves) such as shotguns, muskets, and liberator

A

Smooth-bore FA

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84
Q

Contain rifling inside the barrel such as pistols, revilvers and rifles

A

Rifled-bore FA

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85
Q

Include FA with 1 inch or less bore diameter

A

Small Arms

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86
Q

More than 1 inch bore diameter

A

Artillery

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87
Q

These were set even before the manufacture of FAs.

These are factory specifications

A

Class Characteristics

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88
Q

Are determined after the manufacture of FA

A

Individual Characteristics

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89
Q

Determined with a bullet, shell, or bore of the gun

A

Caliber or Bore Diameter

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90
Q

Always the same in number

A

No. of Lands and Grooves

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91
Q

How wide the lands and grooves. NOT always the same

A

Width of Lands and Grooves

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92
Q

Either Left or Right

A

Twist of Rifling

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93
Q

One complete turn of bullet inside the barrel

A

Pitch of Rifling

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94
Q

How deep the groove or the height of every land

A

Depth of Grooves

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95
Q

Shoot only one shot

A

Single Shot Firearms

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96
Q

Loaded with more than one cartridge in the chamber

A

Repeating Arms

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97
Q

Breech closure is in line with the bore at all times

A

Bolt Action Type

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98
Q

The breech mechanism is cycled by an external lever below the receiver

A

Lever Action Type

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99
Q

A movement firearms is actuated which is parallel to the barrel

A

Slide/ pump action

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100
Q

Requires a separate pull of trigger for each shot fired

A

Semi-automatic Type

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101
Q

Feeds cartridges, fires, and ejects as long as trigger is depressed

A

Automatic Action Type

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102
Q

Used by military on combat. This is seldom encountered by firearms examiner.

A

Machine Gun Type

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103
Q

The largest gun ever used in combat was

A

Gustav Gun

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104
Q

A light and portable machine gun

A

Sub-machine Gun Type (Light Machine Gun)

105
Q

Loads, closes, fires and deloads single cartridge

A

Single Barreled Shotgun

106
Q

Side by side barrel or over and under

A

Double Barreled Shotgun

107
Q

They operated by means of sliding lever under the barrel

A

Pump Action Type Shotgun/ Slide Action

108
Q

The same as auto loading rifles, the recoil action reload the gun from the magazine

A

Auto-loading Shotguns

109
Q

Can be a rifle or a shotgun. A muzzle-rifles at the last 2-3 inches of the barrel, used to spin the paradox bullet. Invented by Holland and Holland

A

Paradox Gun

110
Q

Fire tear gas and other forms of disabling gases

A

Gas Guns

111
Q

Designed for wild animals. It could very well be with the use of bullet or poison charge

A

Traps

112
Q

These are known as freakish Devices

A

Cane Gun & Knife Pistol

113
Q

Maybe used to drive stud, punch holes, and which are also capable of accidentally firing live ammunition

A

Tools

114
Q

Homemade guns in various designs

A

Zip guns (US) paltik (phils)

115
Q

Have 2 more barrels in one firearm

A

Multi-barreled Guns

116
Q

Made by the US government capable of firing .45 cartridges, single shot and smoothbore

A

Liberator

117
Q

Used in sending signals and used in seeing enemies in the dark

A

Flare Guns

118
Q

Used in hunting large fish

A

Harpoon Guns

119
Q

Was The most powerful handgun

A

Caliber .45 Casull

120
Q

The world’s first genuinely effective rapid fire weapon

A

Gatling Machine Gun

121
Q

The person who made the first rifled barrel was _______ an austrian gunsmith in vienna in 1450

A

Gaspard Kollner

122
Q

Making of hole of barrel with the use of barrel blank

A

Drilling

123
Q

With the drilled hole, it is being reamed from breech and to muzzle to remove imperfections, scratches, irregularities. This operation undergoes:
1. Roughing
2. Finishing
3. Burnishing

A

Reaming

124
Q

The construction of rifling inside the barrel. Tools used are:
1. Cutter
2. Scraper
3. Broach
4. Button

A

Broaching

125
Q

Smoothering/ polishing the inner surface of the barrel

A

Lapping

126
Q

The mechanical wear and tear barrel due to rust caused by gunpowder residues during firing

A

Corrosion

127
Q

The mechanical wear and tear of barrel due to abrasion/friction caused by incorrect bullets

A

Erosion

128
Q

The firearm law of the Philippines

A

PD 1866

129
Q

Includes rim-fire handguns, cal .380 or cal .32 and other FA similar firepower. Illegal possession/manufacture of such is penalized by correctional in its maximum period and a fine of 15,000

A

Low Powered FA

130
Q

Includes those with bores of bigger in diameter than cal .39 and 9mm such as .40, .41, .44, .45

A

High Powered FA

131
Q

This is considered that is note a bore

A

Powder charge

132
Q

Amended PD 1886 (approved June 6, 1997)

A

RA 8294

133
Q

The newest law on firearms in the Philippines. Known as the

A

RA 10592
Comprehensive Firearm Law

134
Q

Issued to private individuals for their personal firearm and to security agencies/company guard forces for firearms to be used by their security guards

A

Regular License (RL)

135
Q

Issued to government officials and employees for privately owned firearms

A

Special Permit (SP)

136
Q

Issued private firms, establishment, or corporations for firearms to be used and being used by their employees, excluding security guards

A

Long Regular License (LRL)

137
Q

Issued to private employee who is issued by his employer a firearm covered by LRL

A

Short Regular License (SRL)

138
Q

Issued to government agencies or offices and government owned and controlled corporations for firearms to be used by their officials and employees, excluding security guards

A

Long Certificate of Registration (LCR)

139
Q

A written authority granted licenses or their authorized representatives to move firearms from sources to residence, firing ranges and other authorized destinations

A

Transport Permit (TP)

140
Q

A written authority issued by PNPFED to accredited gun club members for the purpose for transporting unloaded firearms and ammunition from residence to firing ranges and vice-versa.

A maximum duration of 90 days is granted to gun club members

A

Transport Permits for Gun Club Members

141
Q

A written authority for a person to possess in his residence a licensed firearm and an authorized quantity of ammunition

A

License to Possess Firearm and Ammunition

142
Q

a written authority issued to any person by the PNP Chief for the duration and purpose specified therein. Residence - where the firearm and ammunition are being permanently kept. It includes - office or house and premises of the house enclosed by walls and gate separating said premises from adjacent properties. Any vehicle is not an extension of a residence

A

Permit To Carry Firearm Outside Residence (PTCFOR)

143
Q

Issued for lawful hunting

A

Hunting Permit (HP)

144
Q

Serves as FA license for security guards

A

Duty Detail Order (DDO)

145
Q

– is a document that proves receipt of issued FA to PNP Personnel. This shall serve as FA License to members of PNP.

A

Acknowledgement Receipt (ARE)

146
Q

issued to PNP personnel when intending to carry FA outside residence. This shall serve as “PTC.” This document indicates what firearm is issued to the members of a team with specific mission.

A

Mission order (MO) or Letter Order (LO)

147
Q

– CHAPTER 3

is a loaded shell for any firearm such as revolver, pistol and rifles.

A

Ammunition

148
Q

– a complete unfired ammo consisting of bullet, shell, gunpowder and primer. Ammunition
and cartridge can be used interchangeably.

A

Cartridge

149
Q

– invented the 1st cartridge in 1635.

A

King Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden)

150
Q

– He invented another cartridge in 1846.

A

Benjamin Houllier

151
Q

– A French gunsmith. He invented the 1st pin fire cartridge, and 1st pin fire gun. He was born in Bonnétable and died in Paris.

A

Casimir Lefaucheux

152
Q

– developed one of the earliest cartridges known as Flobert Cartridges, this became the forerunner of American Rim Fire Ammo.

A

Louis Nicolas A. Flobert (Paris, France)

153
Q

– external pin is used near the head of the cartridge.

A

Pin-Fire Cartridge (Obsolete)

154
Q

priming mixture is place around the rim.

A

Rim-Fire Cartridge

155
Q

– priming mixture is placed in the center of the head of cartridge.

A

Center-Fire Cartridge

156
Q

– needs mechanical blow against the percussion cap.

A

Percussion

157
Q

Level of Propellant Charges
– cartridge is giving a muzzle velocity of less than 1850 ft/sec.
– 1925 to 2500 ft/sec.
– Over 2500 ft/sec.

A
  1. Low powder
  2. High powder
  3. High Intensity
158
Q

Shotgun cartridge contains multiple rounded projectiles called

A

Pellets/ Shots/ balls.

159
Q

A shotgun cartridge containing a single projectile of a shotgun ammo is called

A

Sabot Slug

160
Q

. Needle-like projectiles inside a shotgun cartridge are called

A

Flechette.

161
Q

– a plastic cap that holds the shots.

A

Shot Cup (Stirrup)

162
Q

– comparable to shell/casing of ammunition of long/short arms. Prior to
1960, paper is used as casing for shotgun ammo.

A

Tube (Shell/ Case/ Hull)

163
Q

– being bent inward to hold the shot in place.

A

Crimp

164
Q

– the thing that is being ignited that causes the tremendous pushing of bullet.

A

Gunpowder

165
Q

– collective term for chemical priming compound, primer cup, anvil, and battery cup that is
being struck to ignite the powder.

A

Primer

166
Q
  • a disk made of paper, used to hold the powder or shot.
A

Wad

167
Q
  • small steel or lead pellets of different sizes.
A

Lead shot

168
Q

– pure lead

A

Drop or soft shot

169
Q

– hardened by antimony

A

Chilled or hard shot

170
Q

– coated with cupronicke or 70% copper and 30% nickle or steel shot.

A

Plated shot

171
Q

– consists of lead balls

A

Buckshot

172
Q

– single slug with angled grooves cut into its side to spin it. This refers to Sabot slug.

A

Slug

173
Q

– formed from powdered tungsten and iron, blended together and pressed into a pellet.

A

Tungsten-iron Shot

174
Q

– a cluster of sturdy steel needles with tiny fins at their base to stabilize them in flight.

A

Flechette shot

175
Q

– This is the shelf life of a new cartridge. If components or parts used are commercially virgins. The life of an ammunition depends on the manner of storage.

A

20-40 years

176
Q

– the process of military storage of ammunition or arms. Done by making a concrete bunker with
walls about a foot thick and then covered. Ammo may reach 40 years with no degradation.

A

Igloo

177
Q

CHAPTER 4

– refers to the tubular casing or shell of an ammunition that holds the bullet and contains the gunpowder.

A

Cartridge Case

178
Q

– the edge of shell’s opening.

A

Mouth

179
Q

– part of mouth that is turned in upon the bullet.

A

Crimp

180
Q
  • are the serrated groves around the neck
A

Shell Cannelures

181
Q
  • occupied by the bullet.
A

Neck

182
Q
  • supports the neck.
A

Shoulder

183
Q

– contains gunpowder

A

Body

184
Q
  • the circular groove near the base of the shell designed for the automatic
    withdrawal of the case after firing.
A

Extracting groove

185
Q
  • limits the forward travel of cartridges into the chamber.
A

Rim

186
Q

– located at central base that contains the priming mixture.

A

Primer

187
Q

– the base portion that contains the head stamp

A

Shell Head

188
Q

– is used secure the bullet in the shell to avoid being moved or loosened from its gripped.

A

Crimp

189
Q

– used only on jacketed ammo that consists of dimples or grooves pressed into the mouth.

A

Stab or Ring Crimp

190
Q

– used in the cartridge with headspace on the cartridge case mouth with lead bullets.

A

Taper Crimp

191
Q

– located at the neck that is rolled into the groove of the bullet.

A

Roll Crimp

192
Q

– rim diameter is greater than the body (Cal .38 and Cal .22)

A

Rimmed

193
Q

– rim diameter is SLIGHTLY greater than the body (Cal .25, Cal .32 auto, Cal .38 Super)

A

Semi-rimmed

194
Q

– rim is equal with the body (Cal 5.56mm, Cal .30, 9mm, Cal .45)

A

Rimless

195
Q

– rim is smaller than the body (Cal 8mm x 59)

A

Rebated

196
Q

– a protruding metal is belted around the shell (Cal .338 magnum, 13.9 x 99)

A

Belted

197
Q

– found on the primer (particularly on the primer cup). Note: Glock Pistols
have rectangular firing pin marks.

A

Firing Pin Marks

198
Q

– found on the base of shell. Caused by the breechface.

A

Breechface Marks

199
Q

– found on the extracting groove.

A

Extractor Marks

200
Q

– located at the rim at the base of shell fired from automatic FAs.

A

Ejector Marks

201
Q

– found on the primer near the firing pin mark. It is just a rebound or duplication of firing pin mark.

A

Shearing Marks (Secondary Firing Pin Marks)

202
Q

– found on the body of shell. Caused by the magazine lips during loading.

A

Magazine Marks

203
Q

– found on the body of the shell. Caused by the irregularities inside the
chamber.

A

Chamber Marks

204
Q

– found on the base of rimmed type shell. Caused by Break Type Revolver during
loading.

A

Pivotal Marks

205
Q

– found on the side of the rim. Caused by the contact between the shell and
ejection port of the FA (Pistol).

A

Ejector Port Marks

206
Q

– CHAPTER 5

part of cartridge consisting of lead or jacketed projectile projected from FA.

A

Bullet

207
Q

Bullets in the crime scene are also called.

A

Slugs

208
Q

The word bullet came from the French word “___” which means “small ball.”

A

boulette

209
Q

– are spherical projectiles used in smoothbore FAs.
Note: The general term for bullets, shots/pellets/ balls is Projectile.

A

Shot/ Pellets/ Balls

210
Q

In police parlance, bullet is called____.

In gov’t parlance, a cartridge containing bullet is called ______.

In small arms ammunition, bullet refers to the projectile which is_____.

A

Slug
Ball Cartridge
Cylindrical or Cylo-conoidal

211
Q

– made of lead or alloy of metals, tin and antimony.

A

Lead Bullets

212
Q

– made of lead core covered with jacket of harder material, such as gilding metal, copper alloy approximately 90% and zinc 10%.

A

Jacketed Bullets

213
Q

– have soft lead core inside a jacket.

A

Ball Bullets

214
Q

– contains tungsten chrome steel and are fired at vehicles and other armored targets.

A

Armor Piercing Bullets

215
Q

– contains compound at the base, usually similar to barium nitrates which set fire when bullet is projected.

A

Tracer Bullets

216
Q

– contains phosphorous or other materials that can set fire. These are used for targets such as aircrafts and/or gasoline depot.

A

Incendiary Bullets

217
Q

– contain a high charge of explosive usually limited to 20mm and above.

A

Explosive (Fragmentary Bullets)

218
Q

– receives the thrust and heat from the burning gunpowder. Sometimes Gas Check is placed to prevent melting of bullet.

A

Base

219
Q

– body of the bullet that contacts the lands and grooves in the barrel. This
should fit the bore.

A

Bearing Surface

220
Q

– serrated groove or depression around the body of bullet, usually used in
bottle neck shell.

A

Bullet Cannelure

221
Q

– a mass of lead in a bullet covered with jacket. This sometimes, contains other metals for other purposes.

A

Core

222
Q

– length in the portion of the bullet from the shoulder to the tip.

A

Head height

223
Q

– the edge of the base

A

Heel

224
Q

– covers the entire lead core, usually copper, brass, steel and aluminum.

A

Jacket

225
Q

– the diameter of the nose/ogive.

A

Meplat diameter

226
Q

– the tapered or curved part of the bullet towards the tip of a bullet.

A

Ogive/ Nose

227
Q

– the forward portion or tip of bullet.

A

Point

228
Q

– the end portion of the body of bullet. Bullets Designed for Handgun

A

Shoulder

229
Q

– has an exposed lead and has cavity at the tip.

A

Jacketed Hallow Point

230
Q

– with more exposed lead at the tip that expand more than a hallow point bullet.

A

Semi-jacketed Hallow Point

231
Q

– the lead core is enclosed by a light copper jacket, with cone shape and flat point.

A

Full Metal Cone (Truncated Cone)

232
Q

– a solid lead bullet with rounded ogive for downrange accuracy, hard hitting, economical, generally designed bullet for revolvers.

A

Lead Round Nose

233
Q

– a solid lead bullet, cuts clean in paper targets for precise scoring.

A

Lead Full-Wadcutter

234
Q

– solid lead bullet with semi pointed nose, with sharp shoulder for clean hole punching in paper target.

A

Lead Semi-wadcutter

235
Q

– lead core is covered with jacket except the base, results to little expansion but with deep penetration.

A

Full Metal Jacket

236
Q

the lead core is enclosed by heavy copper jacket results to little or no expansion BUT deep penetration.

A

Full Metal Jacket Boat Tail –

237
Q

– extremely accurate designed aerodynamically.

A

Hallow Point Boat Tail

238
Q
  • exposed lead on the tip of the bullet with broader point diameter. The bullet may expand and may result to more or less 200% of the original bullet diameter.
A

Soft Point

239
Q

– having a copper sheath with full metal jacket.

A

Hardball Bullet

240
Q

– designed for armored penetration at a greater distance.

A

Depleted Uranium Bullet

241
Q

– the lead core is jacketed by copper-alloy or aluminum. The jacket is designed to be disintegrated into small pieces to cause hemorrhage.

A

Silver Tip Bullet

242
Q
  • upon reaching target, splits into fragments when hitting soft tissue creating bigger wound. It may have stress lines around the bullet.
A

Fragmentation Bullet

243
Q

– have sharp pointed nose, more effective than the round ball of the same weight. These have more velocity. It may travel sideways inside the target upon hitting bones/hard object. Spitz means pointed.

A

Spitzer Bullets

244
Q

– include all soft point bullets, split nose bullets, hallow point bullets and jacketed bullets with exposed lead core. These bullets are designed for expansion.

A

Dumdum Bullets

245
Q

– designed to expand upon striking the target, thus leaving a smaller entry but larger/bigger exit.

A

Mushroom Bullet (Soft Point Bullet)

246
Q

– has open ogive/nose designed to increase the expansion upon hitting the target.

A

Hallow Point Bullet (Express Bullet)

247
Q

– is plated with gilding metal to prevent rusting and to reduce frictional resistance in the bore.

A

Steel Jacketed Bullet

248
Q

– a solid copper with no lead core, no jacket and is heat treated for extra toughness. Upon hitting hard target, nose peels to four razor-edge petals. Designed by Barne in 1989 and owned by Randy Brooks.

A

X-Bullet

249
Q

– uses a special jacket and compressed shot core with plastic tip. It has a high performance ammunition that gives superior penetration to solid targets.

A

Glaser Safety Slug

250
Q

– caused by the land and grooves

A

Rifling Marks

251
Q

– caused by the initial forward movement of bullet before the rifling get the bullet.

A

Skid Marks

252
Q

– caused by worn-out, oversized and oily barrel.

A

Slippage Marks

253
Q

– found on the nose or ogive of a bullet, done when the bullet and the barrel are not aligned.

A

Shaving/Stripping Marks (Tapyas sa bala)

254
Q

– caused by various parts or external objects other than the firing pin, rifling & magazine.

A

Miscellaneous Marks

255
Q

– to be used for conclusiveness of findings:

A

3 Test Bullets

256
Q

– for comparison or preliminary examination;

A

1st Bullet

257
Q

– for confirmation

A

2nd Bullet

258
Q

– for conclusion

A

3rd Bullet

BALLISTICS (2 decks)

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