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MAMMOGRAPHY > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

convened a group of experts to review the current methods of breast cancer detection and to identify new and effective technologies

A

national cancer institute

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2
Q

encouraged and made recommendations for funding researxh of digital mammography and related technologies

A

national digital mammography group

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3
Q

investigated the efficacy of digital versus analog imaging

A

american college of radiology imaging network/digital mammographic imaging screening trial

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4
Q

radiological society of north america

first prototype digital mammography machine

A

1995

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5
Q

GE 200D

A

January 28, 2000

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6
Q

Fischer SenoScan

A

September 25, 2001

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7
Q

Hologic Selenia

A

October 2, 2002

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8
Q

Siemens Novation DR

A

August 20, 2004

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9
Q

Fuji CR

A

July 10, 2006

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10
Q

analog imaging found __ cancers and missed 9

A

33 cancers and missed 9

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11
Q

digital imaging found __ cancers and missed 17

A

25 cancers and missed 17

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12
Q

September 2005

________ showed that digital imaging surpassed analog imaging when imaging a glandular breast, and the results were equal when dealing with an adipose breast

A

ACRIN/DMIST

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13
Q

sales of digital mammography machines increased significantly

A

mid 2006

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14
Q

an interactive image that can be explored in greater detail, seen in various lighting, stored in its original form, and modified to serve many purposes

A

digital image

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15
Q

breast cancers appear _____than normal glandular tissue because cancers attenuate most of the xray photon

A

whiter

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16
Q

optical densities displayed on film are limited to ____ shades of gray

A

100 shades of gray

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17
Q

radiologist can manipulate a digital image through _______ shades of white-gray-black

A

16000 shades of gray

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18
Q

the universal standard used to transfer images and data among PACS devices

A

digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM)

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19
Q

mammography subcommittee is the group charged with improving the connectivity issues

A

integrating the healthcare enterprise (IHE)

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20
Q

suggests that health insurance should offer increased coverage for payment for care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO

A

american college of radiology (ACR)

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21
Q

it is based on patient cate and consumer protection

attempts to improve and stabilize the entire process of patient care, to avoid, or at least minimize, issues that may occur

A

quality assurance

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22
Q

highlight inconsistencies immediately and will help diagnose any problems so they can be resolved

emphasizes the testing necessary to uncover defects and establishes tolerance levels for adequate performance of equipment

A

quality control

23
Q

included the examination of equipment, films and processing, image quality and facility personnel

A

mammography accreditation program (MAP)

24
Q

this was a major breakthrough in standardizing the quality of mammography

A

mammography quality standards act (MQSA)

25
Q

involves film archiving and sharing patient records, reports and films with colleagues as requested by the patient

A

record keeping

26
Q

according to MQSA, patient films and reports must be retained for at least __ years

A

5 years

27
Q

suggests standardized terminology for mammographic findings and assigned category numbers for the assessment

A

breast imaging and reporting data system (bi-rads)

28
Q

category that need additional imaging evaluation and or prior mammograms

A

category 0

29
Q

category that there is nothing to comment on

the breasts are symmetric, and no masses, architectural distortion or suspicous calcifications are present

A

category 1 negative

30
Q

like category 1, this is a normal assessment but the interpreter chooses to describe a benign finding in the mammography report

A

category 2 benign findings

31
Q

category that should have less than 2% risk of malignancy

A

category 3 benign finding - initial short interval follow up suggested

32
Q

category that is reserved for findings that do not have the classic appearance of malignancy but have a wide range probability of malignancy that is greater than those in category 3

A

category 4 suspicious abnormality - biopsy should be considered

33
Q

most recommendations of breast interventional procedures will be placed within this category

A

category 4 suspicious abnormality - biopsy should be considered

34
Q

category have these lesions that have a high probability (95%) of being cancer

this category contains lesions for which one stage surgical treatment could be considered without preliminary biopsy

A

category 5 highly suggestive of malignancy - appropriate action should be taken

35
Q

category that is reserved for lesions identified on the imaging study with biopsy proof of malignancy prior to definitive therapy

A

category 6 known biopsy - proven malignancy - appropriate action should be taken

36
Q

for any QA program to work, it must be reviewed ______ to check its effectiveness against updated technology

A

periodically

37
Q

the most time consuming component of a QA program is the testing performed on the equipment also known as QC

A

equipment testing

38
Q

the physicists and the ____ perform all the QC tests, and the results must be reviewrd quarterly by the radiologist

A

technologist

39
Q

also knoen as processor QC

ensures that the delicate chemical balance used for processing films remains consistent

A

sensitometry

40
Q

sensitometry testing of the processor must be performed ____ and before clinical films are processed to obtain an accurate assessment of the consistency of processing quality

A

daily

41
Q

the counters and processor film tray should be cleaned ____ to help reduce dust

A

daily

42
Q

all places where dust accumulates should be thoroughly cleaned once a ____

A

week

43
Q

one of the most important aspects of a QA program is ______ ______

A

phantom imaging

44
Q

is a square acrylic block with a wax insert containing simulated masses, fibrils and calcium specks of varying sizes

A

mammography phantom

45
Q

the phantlm approximages a breast of _._cm thickness

A

4.5 cm

46
Q

to ensyre that the unit is mechanically stable and properly working

A

visual checklist

47
Q

any equipmeny that is malfunctioning should be reported immediately to the _____ _____ to prevent possible harm to patients

A

service engineer

48
Q

it is a way to evaluate the reason films in a department are repeated or thrown out

it points out insufficiencies or waste in the imaging chain that might otherwise go unnoticed

A

repeat/reject analysis

49
Q

the _______ check is performed as an image QA test and as a safety test

technologists checks the pressure applied to the breast

A

compression check

50
Q

according to MQSA, a compression force of at least __ pounds (111 newtons) is necessary for a unit to obtain good quality images

A

25 pounds

51
Q

for patient safety, the maximum amount of force allowed by MQSA is __ pounds (209 newtons)

A

47 pounds

52
Q

is done to assure that fogging on the film is not occurring from cracks in safe lights or from other sources that might filter in white light

A

darkroom integrity and fog test

53
Q

______ of mammographic film caused by incidental exposure to white light will reduce the contrast on the film

A

fogging

MAMMOGRAPHY (3 decks)

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