Midterms Flashcards
Mathematics, Logic etc.
Formal Science
Sociology, Psychology etc.
Social Science
Technology, Engineering etc.
Applied Science
Life Science, Physical Science, and Earth Science and they are also referred to as Natural Science
Pure Science
How the whole universe behaves
Pure Science
Living things
Biology (Life Science)
Plants
Botany
Animals
Zoology
Balance in nature
Ecology
Matter and Energy
Physical Science
Matter and its changes
Chemistry
Forces and energy
Physics
Earth and the Universe
Earth Science
Earth’s physical nature and history
Geology
Earth’s water and water cycle
Hydrology
The atmosphere and weather
Meteorology
The outer space and the universe
Astronomy
deals with the study of natural phenomena through observation, and experimentation
Natural Science
systematic way of research
Scientific Method
Gathering information through our senses
Observation
Logical explanation guiding experiments
Hypothesis
Systematic tests validating hypotheses
Experiments
Well-supported explanation of phenomena
Theory
Absolute statement about natural phenomena
Law
The practical application of knowledge, encompassing techniques, skills,
methods, and processes employed in goods production, services, or scientific inquiry
Technology
Gathering and storing data for various purposes
Information Technology
Facilitating information exchange
Communication Technology
Transforming living organisms into products or altering life forms
Biotechnology
Cultivating plants and animals for sustenance and materials
Agricultural Technology
Developing tools for disease and injury treatment.
Medical Technology
Mitigating technology’s impact on ecosystems
Environmental Technology
Manufacturing goods and constructing structures
Production Technology
Converting materials into usable products
Manufacturing Technology
Building supportive structures
Construction Technology
Advancing material properties for various application
Materials Technology
Enabling movement of people, goods, and materials
Transportation Technology
Enhancing energy utilization
Energy and Power Technology
Manipulating materials at atomic or molecular scales
Nanotechnology
encompasses physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical realms
Material Technology
focuses on structural works and infrastructure improvement
Civil engineering
drives technological advancements in electrical systems and energy efficiency
Electrical engineering
Enhances telecommunications and data transmission technologies.
Electronic engineering
studies non-carbon and hydrogen chemical elements, contributing to the creation
of various products like glass, ceramics, and fiber optic cables.
Inorganic
explores carbon compounds for tools and essential substances like disinfectants
Organic
aids in disease prevention and treatment
Pharmacology
analyzes food quality and safety for better nutrition and health outcomes
Bromatology
enhances agricultural processes and converts products into food
Agronomy
develops diagnostic and treatment technologies, saving lives
Medicine
designs tools to address human health challenges
Bioengineering
Includes computing and social sciences
Conceptual technology
automates information processes for storage and sharing
Computing
Psychiatry and Pedagogy
Psychology
addresses mental disorders and offers rehabilitation
Psychiatry
Fosters moral values in education
Pedagogy
Industrial and Commercial Psychology
Psychosociology
enhances worker efficiency
Industrial psychology
analyzes market dynamics
Commercial psychology
studies societal behavior and cultural trends.
Sociology
Drives financial development
Economy
Military Science
Warlike arts
strategizes conflict resolution and victory attainment
Military Science
study methodology whereby irregularities, sets, and generalities are observed differently than traditional science
Systems Theory
knowledge acquisition
Science
applies knowledge acquisition practically
Technology
a group of people who interact socially within a shared territory, governed by
political authority and cultural norms
Society
They
made significant contributions in writing, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics
Ancient Civilization
Egyptian hieroglyphs inspired the development of alphabets, including the Latin
alphabet
Writing
Egyptians and Babylonians advanced calendars and studied celestial phenomena
Astronomy
Egyptians and Babylonians practiced medicine with a touch of astrology, using
pharmacological remedies
Medicine
Egyptians excelled in geometry and had a decimal number system, while Babylonians developed a sexagesimal system and applied arithmetic operations to solve
problems
Mathematics
Greek philosophers explored natural phenomena and earth’s structure,
relying on reasoning rather than observation
Early Cosmology
Greeks envisioned a geocentric universe with planets moving in circular motion,
blending metaphysical and physical speculations
Astronomy
Athens’ Golden Age saw scientific progress, possibly due to democratization.
Philosophers like Socrates challenged elites, shaping Western philosophy
Democracy
Known for the deductive “Socratic Method,” he profoundly influenced Western philosophy
Socrates
Emphasized observation-based natural philosophy and founded the Lyceum for
formal education
Aristotle
Developed a geocentric model of the universe
Ptolemy
Saw the fall of the Roman Empire, invasions, and population decline
Early period
Population growth due to technological advances, enabling trade
High Middle Ages
Marked by famine, plague, and war, causing a significant population decrease
Late period
Revolutionized cosmology by placing the Sun at the center of the
universe
Nicolas Copernicus
Developed the scientific method, emphasizing practical experimentation
Francis Bacon
Transformed astronomy with telescopic observations, despite facing opposition
Galileo Galilei
Introduced modern philosophy, advocating for observation-based science
Rene Descartes
Defined laws of motion and gravity, advancing both terrestrial and celestial mechanics
Isaac Newton
proposed the theory of evolution and natural selection,
revolutionizing biology
Charles Darwin
discovered other galaxies, expanding our understanding of the universe with Hubble’s Law
Edwin Hubble
developed the theory of relativity, famously represented by the
equation E=mc²
Albert Einstein
contributed to cosmology and theoretical physics, notably
exploring black holes and the Big Bang theory
Stephen Hawking
Shifted understanding from the Earth-centered to the heliocentric
model of the solar system
Copernican Revolution
evolutionary theory,
challenging creationist views of human origins
Darwinian Revolution
psychoanalytic theory revolutionized psychology,
emphasizing the role of human development in shaping personality
Freudian Revolution
Marked by technological advancements, particularly in computing,
shaping modern lifestyles.
Information Revolution
Taught lessons in freedom and nationhood, fostering internal improvements.
Middle East Revolutions: Stemmed from nationalism, imperialism, and efforts to modernize,
impacting the region’s political landscape
Asian Revolution
Contributed significant archaeological discoveries, particularly in
architecture
Meso-American Revolution
Fought against colonialism and imperialism in Africa, seeking
independence
African Revolution
the widespread adoption of new automation, mechanics, or
Applied Science
Technological wave
Before agriculture, humans relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering, living in
small nomadic groups
Pre-Agriculture
The Agricultural Revolution saw the shift from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles, with
the domestication of animals and advancements in farming techniques.
First wave
The Industrial Revolution introduced machines, steam power, and mass
production, leading to significant population growth and advancements in transportation
Second wave
: The Age of Information, spurred by the invention of computers, saw surges in
digital storage, transistor technology, and the internet, revolutionizing communication, travel,
and manufacturing.
Third wave
