MIDTERMS Flashcards
is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside or lumen of blood vessels and organs of the body
angiography or arteriography
3 clinical applications of angiography
cerebral angiography
pulmonary angiography
abdominal angiography
give the uses of cerebral angiography
aneurysm
atherosclerosis
blood clots
arteriovenous malformation
brain tumors
tears in ling of artery
vasculitis
this will happen if the catheter loosens plaque inside a blood vessel
stroke
is a diagnostic test that uses an xray, it provides a cerebral angiogram or an image that can help the doctor find blockages or other abnormalities in the blood vessels of the head and neck
cerebral angiography
is an xray of the blood vessels that supply the lungs
it is used to find a blood clot, also called a pulmonary embolism
this type of test is rarely done
pulmonary angiography
possible risks and complications of pulmonary angiography
infection or bruising
allergic reaction or kidney damage
damage to a blood vessel
pulmonary embolism
short term abnormal heartbeats
it may be used to check blood flow to organs of abdomen such as liver and spleen
it may also be used to guide in the placement of medicine or other materials to treat cancer or bleeding in the abdomen
abdominal angiography
a connection between the arteries and veins that isn’t normal
arteriovenous malformation
stenosis or spasms of the blood vessel
vasospasm
problems includes in abdominal angiography
aneurysms
vasospasm
arteriovenous malformation
thrombus
blood clot within a blood vessel
thrombus
they make small incisions usually in abdomen and use needles and catheters to treat conditions inside the body
interventional radiologists
repair or unblocking of blood vessels
angioplasty
small mesh tubes that treat narrow or weak arteries
stenting
dissolving blood clots
thrombolysis
block blood flow to cancer cells
embolization
used to reduce nerve pain
radiofrequency ablation
study of tissues
biopsy
angioplasty also known as:
balloon angioplasty
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
it is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis
angiopasty
it is often placed during or immediately after angioplasty
it helps prevent the artery from closing up again
stent
is a tiny tube that a doctor can insert into a blocked passageway to keep it open
it restores the flow of blood or other fluids, depending on where it is placed
stent
stent _____ are larger stents used for larger arteries
stent grafts
is a type of soft catheter with an inflatable balloon as its tip which is used during a catheterization procedure to enlarge a narrow opening or passage within the body
balloon catheter
preoperative medications
__ hours before the procedure
px is placed on _______
px should take medicine that prevents ________
px should hold _________ drugs like warfarin
_________ (anti diabetic agent) should be discontinued
preoperative medications
24 hours before the procedure
px is placed on aspirin
px should take medicine that prevents vasospasm
px should hold anticoagulant drugs like warfarin
metformin (anti diabetic agent) should be discontinued
post procedure
bed rest for _ to _ hours
maintain legs in ______ position
avoid _____ or _____ leg at hip level
monitor ECG, VS and LOC
_______ check below catheter insertion is fine
post procedure
bed rest for 4 to 6 hours
maintain legs in straight position
avoid flexing or bending leg at hip level
monitor ECG, VS and LOC
neurovascular check below catheter insertion is fine
also known as thrombolytic therapy
thrombolysis
it is a treatment to dissolve dangerous blood clot in blood vessels, improve blood flow and prevent damage to tissues and organ
thrombolysis
uses of thrombolysis
deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolus
mesenteric ischemia
stroke
heart attack
is a serious condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein located deep inside the body
it is usually occurs in thigh or lower leg
deep vein thrombosis
is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in lungs
is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or rarely from veins in other parts of the body
pulmonary embolism
occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients
stroke
are caused when an artery is damaged by atherosclerosis
fatty deposits build up on the walls of arteries and cause them to harden and narrow
arterial thrombosis
the risk factor for a blood clot in an artery include
eating a high fat diet
is a medical condition in which injury to the small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply
mesenteric ischemia
excessive clotting ability
hypercoagulability
pooling of blood
stasis
2 ways clot busting agents can be given
through a peripheral IV
through a catheter
too much clotting risks
overweight
smoking
birth control pills/pregnancy
leg/hip injury
surgery
staying in one place for a long time
diagnosis of blood clot
utz
venography
mri
ct scan
ventilation perfusion
severe headaches
migraine
loss of memory
amnesia
slurred speech
dysarthria
dizziness
vertigo
double vision
diplopia
numbness
paresthesia
loss of balance
ataxia
bruise
ecchymosis
nearsighted
myopia
farsighted
hyperopia
abnormal heartbeat
arrhythmia
is a medical subspecialty that performs various minimally invasive procedures using medical imaging guidance
interventional radiology
IR performs both _____ and _____ procedures through very small incisions or body orifices
diagnostic and therapeutic
the main benefits of IR techniques are that they can ____________________________________________________
reach the deep structures of the body
_____ _____ visualization also allows precision guidance to the abnormality, making the procedure more accurate
real time visualization
elements to pass through the skin
puncture needle
elements to guide through structures such as blood vessels or the biliary or urinary systems
guidewires
elements which slides the guide wire and hole the path open without injuring it
sheath
elements that allow fluids to be pushed through them
catheters
is the imaging of the bile duct also known as the biliary tree by x-rays and an injection of cm
cholangiography
is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, interventional radiologist/cardiologist
biopsy
a process involves extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease
biopsy
biopsy when an entire lump or suspicious area is removed
excisional biopsy
biopsy when samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor
incisional biopsy or core biopsy
biopsy when sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells
needle aspiration biopsy
is a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within the abdomen
ascites
it can set the stage for an infection in the abdomen
ascites
is a medical procedure where a needle used to drain fluid that trapped in an internal body cavity that is most commonly found in the abdomen or belly
ascitic tap
____ ____ may be used to help determine the etiology of ascites
ascitic fluid
px prep for an ascitic tap
fasting
stop taking medicines
physical exam
special blood tests
ascitic tap:
the whole procedure including utz scanning to located the fluid, setting up instrument and placing the tube into position can take between __ to __ minutes
15 to 30 minutes
2 staff members in the room when doing ascitic tap
nurse
doctor
RF ablation also called as
fulguration
is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor, or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current
radiofrequency ablation or fulguration
RF ablation specifically for pain is called ________
rhizotomy
it is a minimally invasive procedure that uses heat to reduce or to stop the transmission of pain
rhizotomy
is most commonly used to treat a spot of cancer that is causing problems such as pain or other discomfort and is generally not used as the primary treatment of cancers
RF ablation or fulguration
px that can undergo fulguration
trigeminal neuralgia
spinal pain
pain in neck
cerebral palsy
5 types of physicians who performs RF ablation
physiatrists
radiologists
anesthesiologists
neurologists
surgeons
in fulguration, pain relief may last from _ months to _ years
9 months to 2 years
RF ablation is __ to __% effective in people who have successful nerve blocks
70 to 80%
is a sample of tissue taken from the body in order to examine it more closely
biopsy
most biopsies are this, meaning a needle is used to access the suspicious tissues
needle biopsy
biopsy when patient rests in a scanner, the scanner images will help doctors determine the exact position of the needle in the targeted tissue
CT guided biopsy
biopsy when an utz scanner helps a doctor direct the needle into the lesion
UTZ guided biopsy
biopsy when it is used to look for cancer of the bones
this may be performed via the CT scan technique or by an orthopedic surgeion
bone biopsy
biopsy when a large needle is used to enter the pelvis bone to collect bone marrow
this detect blood diseases such as leukemia or lymphoma
bone marrow biopsy
biopsy when a needle is injected into the liver through the skin on the belly, capturing liver tissue
liver biopsy
biopsy when a needle is injected through the skin on the back
kidney biopsy
biopsy when a needle withdraws material out of a mass
aspiration biopsy
aspiration biopsy also called as ___ _____ aspiration
fine needle aspiration
minimally invasive biopsy may be done in a _______ _____
doctor’s clinic
more invasive biopsy may be done in _______, _____ center or specialized doctor’s clinic
hospital, surgery center
are the doctors who specialized in diagnosing conditions based on tissue samples and other tests
pathologists
