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INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside or lumen of blood vessels and organs of the body

A

angiography or arteriography

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2
Q

3 clinical applications of angiography

A

cerebral angiography
pulmonary angiography
abdominal angiography

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3
Q

give the uses of cerebral angiography

A

aneurysm
atherosclerosis
blood clots
arteriovenous malformation
brain tumors
tears in ling of artery
vasculitis

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4
Q

this will happen if the catheter loosens plaque inside a blood vessel

A

stroke

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5
Q

is a diagnostic test that uses an xray, it provides a cerebral angiogram or an image that can help the doctor find blockages or other abnormalities in the blood vessels of the head and neck

A

cerebral angiography

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6
Q

is an xray of the blood vessels that supply the lungs

it is used to find a blood clot, also called a pulmonary embolism

this type of test is rarely done

A

pulmonary angiography

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7
Q

possible risks and complications of pulmonary angiography

A

infection or bruising
allergic reaction or kidney damage
damage to a blood vessel
pulmonary embolism
short term abnormal heartbeats

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8
Q

it may be used to check blood flow to organs of abdomen such as liver and spleen

it may also be used to guide in the placement of medicine or other materials to treat cancer or bleeding in the abdomen

A

abdominal angiography

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9
Q

a connection between the arteries and veins that isn’t normal

A

arteriovenous malformation

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10
Q

stenosis or spasms of the blood vessel

A

vasospasm

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11
Q

problems includes in abdominal angiography

A

aneurysms
vasospasm
arteriovenous malformation
thrombus

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12
Q

blood clot within a blood vessel

A

thrombus

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13
Q

they make small incisions usually in abdomen and use needles and catheters to treat conditions inside the body

A

interventional radiologists

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14
Q

repair or unblocking of blood vessels

A

angioplasty

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15
Q

small mesh tubes that treat narrow or weak arteries

A

stenting

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16
Q

dissolving blood clots

A

thrombolysis

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17
Q

block blood flow to cancer cells

A

embolization

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18
Q

used to reduce nerve pain

A

radiofrequency ablation

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19
Q

study of tissues

A

biopsy

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20
Q

angioplasty also known as:

A

balloon angioplasty
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

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21
Q

it is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis

A

angiopasty

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22
Q

it is often placed during or immediately after angioplasty

it helps prevent the artery from closing up again

A

stent

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23
Q

is a tiny tube that a doctor can insert into a blocked passageway to keep it open

it restores the flow of blood or other fluids, depending on where it is placed

A

stent

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24
Q

stent _____ are larger stents used for larger arteries

A

stent grafts

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25
Q

is a type of soft catheter with an inflatable balloon as its tip which is used during a catheterization procedure to enlarge a narrow opening or passage within the body

A

balloon catheter

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26
Q

preoperative medications

__ hours before the procedure

px is placed on _______

px should take medicine that prevents ________

px should hold _________ drugs like warfarin

_________ (anti diabetic agent) should be discontinued

A

preoperative medications

24 hours before the procedure

px is placed on aspirin

px should take medicine that prevents vasospasm

px should hold anticoagulant drugs like warfarin

metformin (anti diabetic agent) should be discontinued

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27
Q

post procedure

bed rest for _ to _ hours

maintain legs in ______ position

avoid _____ or _____ leg at hip level

monitor ECG, VS and LOC

_______ check below catheter insertion is fine

A

post procedure

bed rest for 4 to 6 hours

maintain legs in straight position

avoid flexing or bending leg at hip level

monitor ECG, VS and LOC

neurovascular check below catheter insertion is fine

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28
Q

also known as thrombolytic therapy

A

thrombolysis

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29
Q

it is a treatment to dissolve dangerous blood clot in blood vessels, improve blood flow and prevent damage to tissues and organ

A

thrombolysis

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30
Q

uses of thrombolysis

A

deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolus
mesenteric ischemia
stroke
heart attack

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31
Q

is a serious condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein located deep inside the body

it is usually occurs in thigh or lower leg

A

deep vein thrombosis

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32
Q

is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in lungs

is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or rarely from veins in other parts of the body

A

pulmonary embolism

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33
Q

occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients

A

stroke

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34
Q

are caused when an artery is damaged by atherosclerosis

fatty deposits build up on the walls of arteries and cause them to harden and narrow

A

arterial thrombosis

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35
Q

the risk factor for a blood clot in an artery include

A

eating a high fat diet

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36
Q

is a medical condition in which injury to the small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply

A

mesenteric ischemia

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37
Q

excessive clotting ability

A

hypercoagulability

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38
Q

pooling of blood

A

stasis

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39
Q

2 ways clot busting agents can be given

A

through a peripheral IV
through a catheter

40
Q

too much clotting risks

A

overweight
smoking
birth control pills/pregnancy
leg/hip injury
surgery
staying in one place for a long time

41
Q

diagnosis of blood clot

A

utz
venography
mri
ct scan
ventilation perfusion

42
Q

severe headaches

A

migraine

43
Q

loss of memory

A

amnesia

44
Q

slurred speech

A

dysarthria

45
Q

dizziness

A

vertigo

46
Q

double vision

A

diplopia

47
Q

numbness

A

paresthesia

48
Q

loss of balance

A

ataxia

49
Q

bruise

A

ecchymosis

50
Q

nearsighted

A

myopia

51
Q

farsighted

A

hyperopia

52
Q

abnormal heartbeat

A

arrhythmia

53
Q

is a medical subspecialty that performs various minimally invasive procedures using medical imaging guidance

A

interventional radiology

54
Q

IR performs both _____ and _____ procedures through very small incisions or body orifices

A

diagnostic and therapeutic

55
Q

the main benefits of IR techniques are that they can ____________________________________________________

A

reach the deep structures of the body

56
Q

_____ _____ visualization also allows precision guidance to the abnormality, making the procedure more accurate

A

real time visualization

57
Q

elements to pass through the skin

A

puncture needle

58
Q

elements to guide through structures such as blood vessels or the biliary or urinary systems

A

guidewires

59
Q

elements which slides the guide wire and hole the path open without injuring it

A

sheath

60
Q

elements that allow fluids to be pushed through them

A

catheters

61
Q

is the imaging of the bile duct also known as the biliary tree by x-rays and an injection of cm

A

cholangiography

62
Q

is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, interventional radiologist/cardiologist

A

biopsy

63
Q

a process involves extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease

A

biopsy

64
Q

biopsy when an entire lump or suspicious area is removed

A

excisional biopsy

65
Q

biopsy when samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor

A

incisional biopsy or core biopsy

66
Q

biopsy when sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells

A

needle aspiration biopsy

67
Q

is a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within the abdomen

A

ascites

68
Q

it can set the stage for an infection in the abdomen

A

ascites

69
Q

is a medical procedure where a needle used to drain fluid that trapped in an internal body cavity that is most commonly found in the abdomen or belly

A

ascitic tap

70
Q

____ ____ may be used to help determine the etiology of ascites

A

ascitic fluid

71
Q

px prep for an ascitic tap

A

fasting
stop taking medicines
physical exam
special blood tests

72
Q

ascitic tap:

the whole procedure including utz scanning to located the fluid, setting up instrument and placing the tube into position can take between __ to __ minutes

A

15 to 30 minutes

73
Q

2 staff members in the room when doing ascitic tap

A

nurse
doctor

74
Q

RF ablation also called as

A

fulguration

75
Q

is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor, or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current

A

radiofrequency ablation or fulguration

76
Q

RF ablation specifically for pain is called ________

A

rhizotomy

77
Q

it is a minimally invasive procedure that uses heat to reduce or to stop the transmission of pain

A

rhizotomy

78
Q

is most commonly used to treat a spot of cancer that is causing problems such as pain or other discomfort and is generally not used as the primary treatment of cancers

A

RF ablation or fulguration

79
Q

px that can undergo fulguration

A

trigeminal neuralgia
spinal pain
pain in neck
cerebral palsy

80
Q

5 types of physicians who performs RF ablation

A

physiatrists
radiologists
anesthesiologists
neurologists
surgeons

81
Q

in fulguration, pain relief may last from _ months to _ years

A

9 months to 2 years

82
Q

RF ablation is __ to __% effective in people who have successful nerve blocks

A

70 to 80%

83
Q

is a sample of tissue taken from the body in order to examine it more closely

A

biopsy

84
Q

most biopsies are this, meaning a needle is used to access the suspicious tissues

A

needle biopsy

85
Q

biopsy when patient rests in a scanner, the scanner images will help doctors determine the exact position of the needle in the targeted tissue

A

CT guided biopsy

86
Q

biopsy when an utz scanner helps a doctor direct the needle into the lesion

A

UTZ guided biopsy

87
Q

biopsy when it is used to look for cancer of the bones

this may be performed via the CT scan technique or by an orthopedic surgeion

A

bone biopsy

88
Q

biopsy when a large needle is used to enter the pelvis bone to collect bone marrow

this detect blood diseases such as leukemia or lymphoma

A

bone marrow biopsy

89
Q

biopsy when a needle is injected into the liver through the skin on the belly, capturing liver tissue

A

liver biopsy

90
Q

biopsy when a needle is injected through the skin on the back

A

kidney biopsy

91
Q

biopsy when a needle withdraws material out of a mass

A

aspiration biopsy

92
Q

aspiration biopsy also called as ___ _____ aspiration

A

fine needle aspiration

93
Q

minimally invasive biopsy may be done in a _______ _____

A

doctor’s clinic

94
Q

more invasive biopsy may be done in _______, _____ center or specialized doctor’s clinic

A

hospital, surgery center

95
Q

are the doctors who specialized in diagnosing conditions based on tissue samples and other tests

A

pathologists

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (3 decks)

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