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20th > midterms > Flashcards

midterms Flashcards

1
Q

definition: unit 1

Define social contract.

A
  • a political theory (or belief) that Government should represent the interests of the general public, protect its citizens, and uphold a positive relationship (looks out for common good)
  • political philosophers believed that it could be used to justify the formation of a representative govt
  • was used in the Declaration of Independence
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2
Q

definition: unit 1

What is the U.S. Constitution?

A
  • a document that provides the organization and framework for the U.S. govt
  • nothing can be removed from it but Amendments can be added
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3
Q

definition

What is the 18th Amendment?

A
  • legalized prohibition
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4
Q

definition: unit 1

What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?

A
  • in Article I, Section 2
  • To determine the number of representatives in the House of Representatives (which is based on population) and federal taxexs, 3 out of 5 enslaved people were counted as “people” in the state’s population count
  • rendered null by the 14th Amendment
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5
Q

definition: unit 1

What is the 13th Amendment?

A

banned slavery unless it was punishment for a crime

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6
Q

definition: unit 1

What is the 19th Amendment?

A
  • gave women the right to vote
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7
Q

definition: unit 1

Electoral College

A
  • 538 electors, based on representation in Congress
  • candidate with at least 270 votes wins
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8
Q

definition: unit 1

Seneca Falls Declaration

A

1848, Seneca Falls, NY
* leaders of the new women’s rights movement gathered for the first feminist convention
* approximately 300 reformers (including 40 men)
* program included the Declaration of Sentiments, which called for full female suffrage
* called together by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
* used lines from the Declaration of Independence, such as “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men (and women) are created equal” to provide a new interpretation of the Declaration of Independence
* in their grievances, the “he” was sexist men
* used language from Declaration of Independence to emphasize what it stood for and therefore to emphasize the need for reform, feminism, suffrage
* wrote it not necessarily to acheive all of their goals but to convince people that feminism is a worthy cause

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9
Q

definition: unit 1

Declaration of Independence

A
  • one line of slavery was removed
  • Patriots tried to negotiate w/Loyalists bfore turning to violence
  • “He” is basically the British Empire and is referred to in a loooooong list of grievances
  • was likely written to be a performane
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10
Q

definition: unit 2

Gilded Age

A

time period from late 1860s-early 1900s characterized by stuff such as
* robber barons
* monopolies
* political corruption
* the wealth gap
* urbanization
* gap in working conditions
* gap in living conditions
* laissez-faire capitalism
* social Darwinism
* population growth
* lots of people wanting change

basically industrialism transformed the nation from agriculture focused to industrial profit focused

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11
Q

definition: unit 2

muckrakers

A

investigative reporters and writers during the Progressive Era who wrote about corruption and injustices in order to bring about changes in society

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12
Q

definition: unit 2

“Bosses of the Senate”

A
  • a political cartoon examining how robber barons and monopolists used Senators as puppets for their own personal goals
  • this cartoon does this by depicting the robber barons as huge money bags surrounding the Senators and blocking off the exits, watching this all happen, knowing they can fix it but not doing so
  • illustrates laissez-faire capitalism, wealth gaps, political corruption
  • the Senators need $$$ to campaign
  • bills can’t get any traction when robber barons have Senators on puppet strings
  • workers are intimidated by robber barons
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13
Q

definition: unit 2

Social Darwinism

A
  • basically “if you were born poor and can’t get out of poverty, you were meant to die off”
  • this was used to justify the abuses and injustices happening during the Gilded Age
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14
Q

Open Response: Unit 2

How were movements during the Progressive Era interconnected?

what were some of the main points

A
  1. Female suffrage, prohibition, anti-trust laws, political reform, labor and union protection laws, fire safety, civil rights for African Americans, child labor laws, public education reform, food and product safety regulations were all connected
  2. however, out of all of these, especially temperance and suffrage were interconnected
  3. one of the main points of the suffrage-temperance movement(s) was “men are wasting their paycheck on saloons and alcohol instead of spending it on the family
  4. like money that’s spent on a drink could’ve been spent to give this poor kid food
  5. the women and the children are suffering sososo much like omg and it’s all because of the man drinking!!!!!!
  6. stuff like murders and crime is because of drinking
  7. at the end of the day, who gets your vote? the poor mother or the alcoholic father? voting for the woman will help keep her kid pure from alcohol
  8. is it not enough that the men die from war? now they have to die from alcohol too?
  9. will the mother and kids have to be sacrificed?
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15
Q

Open Response: Unit 2

What events and issues influenced Progressive Era reformers to so passionately demand change in American society and government?

A
  1. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. If you have nothing else, put this down
  2. it got to the hearts and minds of many many Americans because they felt this great responsibility for these womens’ deaths
  3. the Jungle also
  4. like it brought about some laws that brought about change
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16
Q

open response: unit 2

Why were the Temperance and Suffrage Movements successful?

A
  1. they shifted the hearts and the minds of the public by talking about families
  2. they brought people together. they brought organizations like the KKK and the NAACP to get behind the SAME THING.
  3. there was also other stuff, like protest, petition, strike, press, boycott, lobbying, civil disobedience, collective bargaining, contracts, and taking legal action
17
Q

definition: unit 2

union

A

an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions

18
Q

definition: unit 2 (and 3 somewhat)

Eugene Debs

A

socialist who stood for/held the beliefs that:
* abolition of capitalism
* US is built to cater to capitalism
* US democracy is a myth
* working class is suppressed

later arrested in 1918 under the Sedition Act and found guilty

released 3 years later

19
Q

definition: unit 2

Booker T. Washington

A
  • one of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute (Alabama)
  • born into slavery, spent entire life in the South
  • believed that vocational training was the best way for Black Americans to advance in society
  • criticized by W.E. B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells as being an accommodationist
  • supported usage of literacy tests and restrictions on voting rights
20
Q

definition: unit 2

Triangle Fire

A
  • Saturday, March 25, 1911
  • NYC
  • 146^ workers died
  • was the driving force for a lot of change during the 1910s in regard to workers’ rights and building regulations
21
Q

definition: unit 2

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

A
  • the company that the Triangle Fire happened to
  • their workers had advocated for better rights and wages before the fire
22
Q

definition: unit 2

The Jungle

A
  • published in 1906 by Upton Sinclair in serial form
  • Sinclair wrote it intending to convert readers to socialism
  • instead, it lowkey disgusted a lot of readers and did bring about change but did not convert readers to socialism
23
Q

definition: unit 2

nativism

A

anti-immigrant xenophobia and sentiment that upheld the notion that “natural-born” citizens were superior and less dangerous than immigrants

24
Q

Open Response: Unit 3

Why did the United States join WWI and how did the war impact American society and its relationship with neighboring countries?

A

EXTREMELY HESITANT ENTRY INTO WWI
* so Germany sent Mexico the Zimmerman Telegram in which Germany was like “soooo what if you invaded the U.S. from your northern border so you can yk get back your lost territories”
* its purpose was to distract US from the unrestricted submarine warfare being done by Germany
* also to fester tension with Mexican immigrants since Mexico now poses a security threat to US
* as for American society, many free speech rights were restricted, under the Sedition Act (Made it a federal offense to use “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag) and the Espionage Act (The act essentially made it illegal to speak out and/or write national defense information that could be detrimental to the U.S. war effort, armed services, or recruitment programs )

25
Q

Open Response: Units 3 and 5

(a) Compare and contrast U.S. entry into WWI vs. WWII. (b) Compare and contrast the impact of each war on American society.

A

WWI ENTRY VS WWII ENTRY
* WWI entry was very hesitant and it took over a month after the threat to enter the war//WWII entry was fast and took just a day
* the U.S. didn’t want to get involved both times
* despite not initially being involved in the wars, the U.S. was not truly neutral, since it supplied Allies during both wars
IMPACT
* more were dead at the end of WWII
* global peace organizations were formed (US was not part of League of Nations)

26
Q

Open Response: Unit 3

How did American society change during the 1920s regarding black Americans and women? In what ways did black Americans and women continue to face a lack of progress during this era? Give specific examples to support your response.

A
  • women were free to wear shorter clothes and accessories
  • LBD is worn by women just because they like it!
  • more post-secondary education for women
  • women are able to dress more athletic
  • Harlem Renaissance saw lots of Black creativity, art, writing, etc.
  • Harlem Renaissance was like an artistic reaction to art

HOWEVER
* problems that prohibition had claimed to solve were, in fact, not solved
* lots of Black ppl were lynched
* rise of KKK
* KKK used “decades” strategy”

27
Q

definition: unit 3

speakeasy

A

an illegal drnking establishment during prohibition

28
Q

Open Response: Unit 4

What was the significance of art (films, music, poetry, photography, painting, literature) during the Great Depression and how did it reflect the human experience?

A
  1. It showed what people were experiencing, such as loss of housing, starvation, hardships, difficult living conditions
  2. however, people also had this remarkable tenacity and resourcefulness in how they never gave up hope
  3. much of the art during this time, such as “Brother, Can You Spare A Dime?” told the story of human suffering and humans got to see it be represented
  4. it helped people feel connected with one another
  5. many pieces of art, such as “Open Letter to the South” showed messages of hope and that as well helped people feel united
  6. both the storytelling and messages of hope helped people feel hopeful
  7. themes of escapism, love in war, reality hidden in fantasy, and romanticization of the past were in movies during the Great Depression and spoke to many people
29
Q

Open Response: Unit 1

What about the language used in the Declaration of Independence allows for the foundations of American democracy and social contract theory?

A
  1. with lines such as “we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal,” the Declaration of Independence, in a way, spoke directly to many Patriots who felt as if they were being treated unfairly
  2. this line has spoken to many oppressed groups in the 247 years of its existence and so has a lot of the language used in the Declaration of Independence
  3. ultimately, the language comes from a place of oppression and feeling like the social contract has been broken since it lowkey was
  4. so, many Americans have been able to use it to figt for what they want to fight for
30
Q

Open Response: Unit 1

Explain two ways Americans have sought to reform the Constitution by utilizing the social contract within a greater effort to create lasting change in American society. These must be ones we studied in class.

A

Declaration of Sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery Society
* used social contract in their writing with imagery of people dying for this cause and waging war against their oppressors
* stated that everyone inherently is granted equal rights
* stated that the government had failed to serve POC

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
* similar to the other Declaration of Sentiments, writers used phrases from the Declaration of Independence to utilize social contract
* they did this by using phrases such as “we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal”, “let facts be submitted to a candid world”
* stated that the government failed to serve women

31
Q

Open Response: Unit 4

(a) In what ways did FDR’s actions and New Deal programs aid the nation during the Great Depression? (b) In what ways did it change the makeup of American democracy and government? (c) In what ways was it controversial?

A

A
* his Fireside Chats helped people feel more connected with the government by easing their anxieties
* his actions helped regain the peoples’ trust since the govt was HELPING people
* helped people get employment through programs such as the WPA and the CCC
B
* Social Security Act, passed in 1935, assisted old homeless people facing poverty
* laid the foundations for many modern Democratic ideals
C
* some programs, like the NIRA favored big business
* Social Security did not help farmers or domestic workers and the majority of Black Americans were one of those
* WPA cost over 10,000,000,000 dollars
* funded by deficit spending and set a precedent for how the govt would fund stuff in the future
* increased control over the economy
* arts programs were funded, but many people were still famished

32
Q

Open Response: Unit 5

How did World War II and America’s actions impact gender roles, affect the behavior towards different ethnic groups, and set new precedents for the future?

A
  • many Black Americans felt that it was ironic-that the US was fighting for freedom but were being denied freedom themselves
  • many AAPI people registered for the draft and also supported the war through stuff like industry
  • Mexican Americans were stripped of their culture and expression
  • Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps for supposed espionage, but really it was because of racism and wartime stress
  • many more wome entered the work force
  • however, companies used misogyny and supposed seniority to continue justifying the wage gap that was occurring
  • WOC were just like not hired
  • however, after the war, many of these companies wanted women to give their jobs back
  • overall, less women were in the workforce after WWII than were in the workforce during WWII, but more women were in the workforce overall
  • ROOSEVELT’S FOUR FREEDOMS!!!!! mention them
  • basically freedom of religion, freedom of speech and expression, freedom from want, and freedom from fear
  • Eleanor Roosevelt made sure these four freedoms were in the UN founding documents
  • overall, these were like “ppl have a responsibility to the government and vice versa. basically social contract”

20th (4 decks)

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