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CC *ayaw ko na mag-aral pls* > midterms > Flashcards

midterms Flashcards

1
Q

It is a statement of variability and measures the significant differences between groups of data

A

Variance (V)

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2
Q

Separates white light
into various color
component.

A

DIFFRACTION
GRATINGS

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3
Q

For accuracy, a solution of known characteristics and of known value or whose concentration is accurately known

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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4
Q

It is a system of techniques to ensure with a specified
degree of confidence that the result obtained from each
series of analysis is true and correct

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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5
Q

meaning of A in the absorbance formula

A

molar absorptivity

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6
Q

LABORATORY WORKFLOW

A

PRE ANALYTICAL PHASE

ANALYTICAL PHASE

POST ANALYTICAL PHASE

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7
Q

these are made by placing semi-transparent silver
films on both sides of a dielectric such as magnesium
fluoride

A

filters

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8
Q

The degree by which a method is easily repeated with less effort

A

Practicality

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9
Q

formula of transmittance

A

%T = I t/ I o x 100

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10
Q

It is the measure of central tendency

A

Arithmetic Value or Mean or average (x̄)

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11
Q

pogi ba si joshua

A

yes sobra opo

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12
Q

TYPES OF CUVETTE/ ANALYTICAL CELL

A

Borosilicate glass cuvette

Quartz or plastic

Alumina silica glass

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13
Q

Negative test result and do not have disease

A

TRUE NEGATIVE

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14
Q

a filter that transmits only frequencies within a selected band

A

BAND PASS

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15
Q

It is the migration of charged particles in an electric field

A

ELECTROPHORESIS

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16
Q

Formula for Diagnostic specificity

A

True negative/ true nega. + false pos x 100

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17
Q

It is composed of one known constituent only and used
as a basis of reference for the calculation of the value of the unknown

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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18
Q

is the transmitted via electromagnetic waves that
are characterized by their frequency and wavelength

A

Energy

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19
Q

Proficiency testing- NEQAS

A

External Quality Control program

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20
Q

The ability of a method to measure only the component desired without the interference of some other substances present in the same sample

A

Specificity

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21
Q

It is used to compare results obtained on a high and low control serum from different laboratories

A

Youden Plot (with x and y axis)

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22
Q

A type of error that influences observations consistently
in one direction (constant difference)

A

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

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23
Q

The ability of a method to determine the exact value of the substance of interest in the sample

A

Accuracy

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24
Q

ability of method to have the same results

A

Reproducibility

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25
Q

It is the measure of spread of data; helps to describe the normal curve

A

Standard Deviation (SD)

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26
Q

It is a measure of the distribution range of values around the mean value or average

A

Standard Deviation (SD)

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27
Q

Emits radiation that changes in intensity, it is widely used in the laboratory

A

CONTINUUM SOURCE

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28
Q

Types of monochromator

A

prisms and diffraction grattings

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29
Q

An electron tube amplifying a current that can convert transmitted energy into an equivalent amount of electrical or photoelectric energy

A

PHOTODETECTOR

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30
Q

Negative test result but have the disease

A

FALSE NEGATIVE

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31
Q

states that the concentration of a unknown substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light.

A

Beer’s Law

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32
Q

Serve as a reference for unknown

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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33
Q

is the number of vibrations of wave per second.

A

Hertz

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34
Q

It is the percentile expression of the mean; an index of precision

A

Coefficient of Variation (CV)

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35
Q

meaning of I t in transmittance formula

A

transmitted light thru the sample

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36
Q

Liquid or lyophilized and Stable for a long period of time

A

CONTROL SOLUTION

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37
Q

is formed by controlled values that is either increase or decrease for at least 6 consecutive days

A

Trend

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38
Q

able to measure minute
concentration of the analyte

A

Analytical sensitivity

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39
Q

TYPES OF PHOTODETECTOR

A

Photocell/Photovoltaic cell/ Barrier layer cell

Photoemissive tube/Phototube

Photomultiplier tube

40
Q

Formula of diagnostic sensitivity

A

true positive/ true pos. + false neg x 100

41
Q

It can be rotated, allowing only the desired wavelength to pass through an exit slit.

A

PRISMS

42
Q

the test must always give a
negative result in the absence of disease

A

Diagnostic specificity

43
Q

It occurs when data elements are centered around the mean with the most elements close to the mean.

A

Gaussian Curve

44
Q

Formed by controlled values that distribute themselves on one side of the mean for at least 6 consecutive days

A

Shift

45
Q

Components of Electrophoresis

A

Electrical power, support medium, buffer, sample and detecting system

46
Q

meaning of B in the absorbance formula

A

length of light through the solution

47
Q

Factors affecting migration

A

Net electric charge of the molecule

Size and shape of molecule

Electric field strength

Nature of supporting medium

Temperature of operation

48
Q

The ability of a method to detect and measure even the
smallest amount of the particular substance tested for

A

Sensitivity

49
Q

It is also the degree by which significant deviations can be
detected

A

Sensitivity

50
Q

Positive test result that also have disease

A

TRUE POSITIVE

51
Q

It is a system of ensuring precision and accuracy in the
laboratory by using quality control reagents in every
series of measurements.

A

QUALITY CONTROL

52
Q

when the values of the control fall outside the confidence limit

A

Out of control

53
Q

T or F? During electrophoresis, proteins are negatively charged (anions) and they move towards the anode

A

True

54
Q

A basis for varying differences between repeated measurement

A

variation in technique

55
Q

It involves measurement of light transmitted by a solution in a much narrower wavelength to determine the concentration of light absorbing substances in the solution

A

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

56
Q

when the values of the control fall within the confidence limit

A

In control

57
Q

Involves analyses of control samples together with the patient sample

A

Internal Quality Control program

58
Q

For precision, a solution (either commercially or non-commercially prepared) composed of several known constituents which can be run simultaneously with the test to check the accuracy of the results. (w/ Normal and Pathologic ranges)

A

CONTROL SOLUTION

59
Q

the test must always give a (+)
result in the presence of the disease

A

Diagnostic sensitivity

60
Q

It controls the the width of light
beam

A

EXIT SLIT

61
Q

meaning of I o in transmittance formula

A

transmitted light striking the sample.

62
Q

discharge lamp produces a continuous source of radiation which covers both the UV and visible range.

A

Xenon

63
Q

Positive test result but do not have disease

A

FALSE POSITIVE

64
Q

Electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of their electric charge and density

A

Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)

65
Q

is the total range of
wavelengths transmitted

A

BAND PASS

66
Q

T or F? In the standard performance of serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), serum specimens are applied close to the cathode end of a support medium that is saturated with an alkaline buffer (pH 8.6)

A

True

67
Q

Errors in Quality Control

A

VARIATIONS

68
Q

Isolate specific wavelength of
light

A

monochromator

69
Q

lamp routinely used to provide UV radiation

A

Deuterium

70
Q

It sets the spectrophotometer reading to zero

A

BLANK SOLUTION

71
Q

It is the closeness or the nearness of a test value (value
obtained) to the original value (predetermined value)

A

Accuracy

72
Q

light bulb commonly used light source in the visible and near infrared region

A

tungsten

73
Q

It demonstrate acceptable limits of variation in the results of an analytical method.

A

Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart

74
Q

The highest frequency of this type of error occurs with
the use of handwritten labels and request forms

A

CLERICAL ERROR

75
Q

Purposes of Quality Control

A

To check the stability of the machine

To check the quality of reagents

To check for technical or clerical error if any was committed by the operator

76
Q

The ability of a method to give repeated results on the same sample that agrees with one another

A

Precision

77
Q

It is used to hold the solution in the instrument whose concentration is to be measured. It is made of glass, quartz or plastic.

A

CUVETTE/ ANALYTICAL CELL

78
Q

These are control values that are far from the main set of
values

A

OUTLIERS

79
Q

are simple, least expensive, not precise but useful

A

filters

80
Q

minimizes unwanted or stray light and prevents the entrance of scattered light into the monochromator system

A

entrance slit

81
Q

meaning of C in the absorbance formula

A

concentration of absorbing molecules/solution

82
Q

A type of error which varies from sample to sample

A

RANDOM ERROR

83
Q

able to measure only one
unknown substance

A

Analytical specificity

84
Q

Plotted with the accumulated differences between QC results and the target means

A

Cumulative Sum Graph

85
Q

A solution without the specimen

A

BLANK SOLUTION

86
Q

absorbance formula

A

A= abc = 2-log%T

87
Q

It produce monochromatic light based on the principle of constructive interference of waves – light waves enter one side of the filter and are reflected at the second surface

A

filters

88
Q

It has small grooves cut
at such as angle that each groove behave like a very small prism.

A

DIFFRACTION
GRATINGS

89
Q

It provides polychromatic light and must generate sufficient radiant energy or power to measure the analyte of interest

A

light source

90
Q

COMPONENTS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER

A

Light source
Entrance slit
Monochromator
Exit slit
Cuvet
Photodetector
Meter or Read out device

91
Q

The fundamental basis of any statistical analysis

A

Machine problems

Contaminated reagent

Technical errors

92
Q

emits limited radiation and wavelength

A

line source

93
Q

WHEN TO PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL

A

Beginning of each shift (Daily testing)

New instrument

After an instrument is serviced

When reagent lots are changed

After calibration

Whenever patient results seem inappropriate

94
Q

Wedge-shaped pieces of
glass or quartz, NaCl, or
some other material that
allows transmission of
light.

A

PRISMS

95
Q

is the distance between two successive peaks and it is expressed in terms of nanometer

A

Wavelength

CC *ayaw ko na mag-aral pls* (2 decks)

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