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CC *ayaw ko na mag-aral pls* > midterms > Flashcards

midterms Flashcards

1
Q

It is a statement of variability and measures the significant differences between groups of data

A

Variance (V)

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2
Q

Separates white light
into various color
component.

A

DIFFRACTION
GRATINGS

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3
Q

For accuracy, a solution of known characteristics and of known value or whose concentration is accurately known

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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4
Q

It is a system of techniques to ensure with a specified
degree of confidence that the result obtained from each
series of analysis is true and correct

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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5
Q

meaning of A in the absorbance formula

A

molar absorptivity

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6
Q

LABORATORY WORKFLOW

A

PRE ANALYTICAL PHASE

ANALYTICAL PHASE

POST ANALYTICAL PHASE

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7
Q

these are made by placing semi-transparent silver
films on both sides of a dielectric such as magnesium
fluoride

A

filters

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8
Q

The degree by which a method is easily repeated with less effort

A

Practicality

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9
Q

formula of transmittance

A

%T = I t/ I o x 100

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10
Q

It is the measure of central tendency

A

Arithmetic Value or Mean or average (x̄)

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11
Q

pogi ba si joshua

A

yes sobra opo

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12
Q

TYPES OF CUVETTE/ ANALYTICAL CELL

A

Borosilicate glass cuvette

Quartz or plastic

Alumina silica glass

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13
Q

Negative test result and do not have disease

A

TRUE NEGATIVE

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14
Q

a filter that transmits only frequencies within a selected band

A

BAND PASS

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15
Q

It is the migration of charged particles in an electric field

A

ELECTROPHORESIS

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16
Q

Formula for Diagnostic specificity

A

True negative/ true nega. + false pos x 100

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17
Q

It is composed of one known constituent only and used
as a basis of reference for the calculation of the value of the unknown

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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18
Q

is the transmitted via electromagnetic waves that
are characterized by their frequency and wavelength

A

Energy

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19
Q

Proficiency testing- NEQAS

A

External Quality Control program

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20
Q

The ability of a method to measure only the component desired without the interference of some other substances present in the same sample

A

Specificity

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21
Q

It is used to compare results obtained on a high and low control serum from different laboratories

A

Youden Plot (with x and y axis)

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22
Q

A type of error that influences observations consistently
in one direction (constant difference)

A

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

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23
Q

The ability of a method to determine the exact value of the substance of interest in the sample

A

Accuracy

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24
Q

ability of method to have the same results

A

Reproducibility

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25
It is the measure of spread of data; helps to describe the normal curve
Standard Deviation (SD)
26
It is a measure of the distribution range of values around the mean value or average
Standard Deviation (SD)
27
Emits radiation that changes in intensity, it is widely used in the laboratory
CONTINUUM SOURCE
28
Types of monochromator
prisms and diffraction grattings
29
An electron tube amplifying a current that can convert transmitted energy into an equivalent amount of electrical or photoelectric energy
PHOTODETECTOR
30
Negative test result but have the disease
FALSE NEGATIVE
31
states that the concentration of a unknown substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light.
Beer's Law
32
Serve as a reference for unknown
STANDARD SOLUTION
33
is the number of vibrations of wave per second.
Hertz
34
It is the percentile expression of the mean; an index of precision
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
35
meaning of I t in transmittance formula
transmitted light thru the sample
36
Liquid or lyophilized and Stable for a long period of time
CONTROL SOLUTION
37
is formed by controlled values that is either increase or decrease for at least 6 consecutive days
Trend
38
able to measure minute concentration of the analyte
Analytical sensitivity
39
TYPES OF PHOTODETECTOR
Photocell/Photovoltaic cell/ Barrier layer cell Photoemissive tube/Phototube Photomultiplier tube
40
Formula of diagnostic sensitivity
true positive/ true pos. + false neg x 100
41
It can be rotated, allowing only the desired wavelength to pass through an exit slit.
PRISMS
42
the test must always give a negative result in the absence of disease
Diagnostic specificity
43
It occurs when data elements are centered around the mean with the most elements close to the mean.
Gaussian Curve
44
Formed by controlled values that distribute themselves on one side of the mean for at least 6 consecutive days
Shift
45
Components of Electrophoresis
Electrical power, support medium, buffer, sample and detecting system
46
meaning of B in the absorbance formula
length of light through the solution
47
Factors affecting migration
Net electric charge of the molecule Size and shape of molecule Electric field strength Nature of supporting medium Temperature of operation
48
The ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest amount of the particular substance tested for
Sensitivity
49
It is also the degree by which significant deviations can be detected
Sensitivity
50
Positive test result that also have disease
TRUE POSITIVE
51
It is a system of ensuring precision and accuracy in the laboratory by using quality control reagents in every series of measurements.
QUALITY CONTROL
52
when the values of the control fall outside the confidence limit
Out of control
53
T or F? During electrophoresis, proteins are negatively charged (anions) and they move towards the anode
True
54
A basis for varying differences between repeated measurement
variation in technique
55
It involves measurement of light transmitted by a solution in a much narrower wavelength to determine the concentration of light absorbing substances in the solution
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
56
when the values of the control fall within the confidence limit
In control
57
Involves analyses of control samples together with the patient sample
Internal Quality Control program
58
For precision, a solution (either commercially or non-commercially prepared) composed of several known constituents which can be run simultaneously with the test to check the accuracy of the results. (w/ Normal and Pathologic ranges)
CONTROL SOLUTION
59
the test must always give a (+) result in the presence of the disease
Diagnostic sensitivity
60
It controls the the width of light beam
EXIT SLIT
61
meaning of I o in transmittance formula
transmitted light striking the sample.
62
discharge lamp produces a continuous source of radiation which covers both the UV and visible range.
Xenon
63
Positive test result but do not have disease
FALSE POSITIVE
64
Electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of their electric charge and density
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)
65
is the total range of wavelengths transmitted
BAND PASS
66
T or F? In the standard performance of serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), serum specimens are applied close to the cathode end of a support medium that is saturated with an alkaline buffer (pH 8.6)
True
67
Errors in Quality Control
VARIATIONS
68
Isolate specific wavelength of light
monochromator
69
lamp routinely used to provide UV radiation
Deuterium
70
It sets the spectrophotometer reading to zero
BLANK SOLUTION
71
It is the closeness or the nearness of a test value (value obtained) to the original value (predetermined value)
Accuracy
72
light bulb commonly used light source in the visible and near infrared region
tungsten
73
It demonstrate acceptable limits of variation in the results of an analytical method.
Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart
74
The highest frequency of this type of error occurs with the use of handwritten labels and request forms
CLERICAL ERROR
75
Purposes of Quality Control
To check the stability of the machine To check the quality of reagents To check for technical or clerical error if any was committed by the operator
76
The ability of a method to give repeated results on the same sample that agrees with one another
Precision
77
It is used to hold the solution in the instrument whose concentration is to be measured. It is made of glass, quartz or plastic.
CUVETTE/ ANALYTICAL CELL
78
These are control values that are far from the main set of values
OUTLIERS
79
are simple, least expensive, not precise but useful
filters
80
minimizes unwanted or stray light and prevents the entrance of scattered light into the monochromator system
entrance slit
81
meaning of C in the absorbance formula
concentration of absorbing molecules/solution
82
A type of error which varies from sample to sample
RANDOM ERROR
83
able to measure only one unknown substance
Analytical specificity
84
Plotted with the accumulated differences between QC results and the target means
Cumulative Sum Graph
85
A solution without the specimen
BLANK SOLUTION
86
absorbance formula
A= abc = 2-log%T
87
It produce monochromatic light based on the principle of constructive interference of waves – light waves enter one side of the filter and are reflected at the second surface
filters
88
It has small grooves cut at such as angle that each groove behave like a very small prism.
DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
89
It provides polychromatic light and must generate sufficient radiant energy or power to measure the analyte of interest
light source
90
COMPONENTS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Light source Entrance slit Monochromator Exit slit Cuvet Photodetector Meter or Read out device
91
The fundamental basis of any statistical analysis
Machine problems Contaminated reagent Technical errors
92
emits limited radiation and wavelength
line source
93
WHEN TO PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL
Beginning of each shift (Daily testing) New instrument After an instrument is serviced When reagent lots are changed After calibration Whenever patient results seem inappropriate
94
Wedge-shaped pieces of glass or quartz, NaCl, or some other material that allows transmission of light.
PRISMS
95
is the distance between two successive peaks and it is expressed in terms of nanometer
Wavelength

CC *ayaw ko na mag-aral pls* (2 decks)

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