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CC *ayaw ko na mag-aral pls* > carbs-glu-lipids > Flashcards

carbs-glu-lipids Flashcards

1
Q

color that indicates increase in glucose

A

Dark pink

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2
Q

can be measured directly but can be calculated
using Friedewald method

A

LDL

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3
Q

is directly associated with atherosclerosis and
coronary heart disease.

A

LDL

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4
Q

what produces insulin in
pancrease

A

Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans

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5
Q

Major lipids

A

Phospholipids, Cholesterol,
Triglycerides, Fatty acid, Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

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6
Q

Decrease blood sugar

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA

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7
Q

Increase blood sugar

A

HYPERGLYCEMIA

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8
Q

FORMS OF CHOLESTEROL

A

Cholesterol ester (70%)- undergo esterification by LCAT

Free or non-esterified cholesterol (30%)- membrane,
hormone and bile acid synthesis

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9
Q

are compounds containing C, H, and O

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Impaired ability to metabolize CHO due to deficiency of insulin, metabolic or hormonal changes.

A

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

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11
Q

a cell to increase in hyperglycemia

A

GLUCAGON

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12
Q

are important indicators of CHD risk, which is a major reason for their measurement in research, as well as in clinical practice

A

Lipids and lipoproteins

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13
Q

Reduction of cupric ions forming cuprous oxide in hot alkaline solution by glucose

A

Alkaline Copper reduction method

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14
Q

It is an unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four
rings and it has a single C–H side chain tail similar to
a fatty acid in its physical properties

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

The general formula for a carbohydrate is

A

Cx(H2O)y

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16
Q

Conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids

A

LIPOGENESIS

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17
Q

end product and color of LIEBERMANN BURCHARDT METHOD

A

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic acid

GREEN

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18
Q

Useful in the diagnosis of disorders characterized by altered phospholipid concentration, composition or lipoprotein distribution, including obstructive jaundice, Tangier disease, abeta-or hypobetalipoproteinemia and LCAT deficiency.

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS DETERMINATION

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19
Q

the end product is lactic
acid

A

ANEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

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20
Q

commonly referred to as fats, are ubiquitous constituents of all living cells and have a dual role.

A

Lipids

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21
Q

The classification of carbohydrates is based on four
different properties which are

A

the size of the base carbon chain

the location of the CO function group

the number of sugar units, and

the stereochemistry of the compound.

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22
Q

after eating

A

Post Prandial

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23
Q

Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate source.

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS

24
Q

a cell to decrease in hypoglycemia

A

INSULIN

25
Q

PATHWAYS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

A

Glycolysis

Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

26
Q

classification of diabetes mellitus

A

Type 1 DM
Type 2 DM
Gestational DM

27
Q

a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increase resulting from effects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

A

Diabetes mellitus

28
Q

Decomposition of fat

A

LIPOLYSIS

29
Q

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

30
Q

The screening and diagnosis of GDM is by

A

2 HR OGTT

31
Q

A linear chains of C–H bonds that terminate with a
carboxyl group (–COOH).

A

Fatty Acids

32
Q

end product and color of SALKOWSKI METHOD

A

Cholestadienyl Disulfonic acid

RED

33
Q

function of carbohydrates

A

provides energy

34
Q

applicable for urine

A

Clinitest

35
Q

SAMPLES FOR GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

A

RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR (RBS)

FASTING BLOOD SUGAR (FBS) – 6 to 8 hours fasting

2-HOUR POST PRANDIAL BLOOD SUGAR (2HPPBS)

36
Q

It decreases surface tension within the alveolar surface, thus allowing effective gas exchange
and prevents alveolar collapse during expiration.

A

Phospholipids

37
Q

It is similar in structure to triglycerides except that they only have two esterified fatty acids. The third position on the glycerol backbone instead contains a phospholipid head group

A

Phospholipids

38
Q

standard clinical sample in Methods of Glucose Measurement

A

VENOUS BLOOD

CSF

URINE

OTHER BODY FLUID

39
Q

HORMONES THAT REGULATES CHO METABOLISM

A

EPINEPHRINE

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

GROWTH HORMONE

ACTH

THYROXINE

SOMATOSTATIN

40
Q

Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate for energy source

A

Glycolysis

41
Q

meaning of OGTT

A

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

42
Q

the result of an imbalance in the rate of glucose appearance and disappearance from the
circulation

A

Hypoglycemia

43
Q

is associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease, and decreased HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease

A

Increased HDL cholesterol

44
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

45
Q

Most accurate

Also measures CSF, serous and urine glucose

A

Hexokinase method

46
Q

end product of glycolysis

A

PYRUVATE or LACTATE

47
Q

Formation of glucose from glycogen

A

GLYCOGENESIS

48
Q

CHYLOS

A

chylomicrons

49
Q

LDL

A

low-density lipoprotein

50
Q

It contains three fatty acid molecules attached to
one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds

Very hydrophobic & water soluble; Neutral lipid

Fasting requirements: 10-12 hrs

A

Triglycerides

51
Q

stored form of sugar

A

GLYCOGEN

52
Q

Serum must be separated from cells within 30 minutes, if not _______________ is added to inhibit glycolysis

A

SODIUM FLOURIDE

53
Q

Whole blood fasting glucose is ______% lower than serum plasma

A

15

54
Q

It measures beta-D Glucose

Also measures CSF and urine glucose

A

Glucose oxidase method

55
Q

Reduction of yellow cyanide to a colorless ferrocyanide by glucose (inverse colorimetry)

A

Alkaline Ferric Reduction method (Hagedorn Jensen)

56
Q

VLDL

A

very-low-density lipoprotein

57
Q

LABORATORY FINDINGS IN HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

INCREASED Glucose (blood and urine)

INCREASED Urine specific gravity

INCREASED Osmolality (serum and urine)

Ketones in blood and urine

Decreased blood and urine pH (acidosis)

Electrolyte imbalance (INC Na+ and HCO3, DEC K+)

CC *ayaw ko na mag-aral pls* (2 decks)

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