carbs-glu-lipids

Question 1

color that indicates increase in glucose

Answer 1

Dark pink

Question 2

can be measured directly but can be calculated
using Friedewald method

Answer 2

LDL

Question 3

is directly associated with atherosclerosis and
coronary heart disease.

Answer 3

LDL

Question 4

what produces insulin in
pancrease

Answer 4

Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans

Question 5

Major lipids

Answer 5

Phospholipids, Cholesterol,
Triglycerides, Fatty acid, Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Question 6

Decrease blood sugar

Answer 6

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Question 7

Increase blood sugar

Answer 7

HYPERGLYCEMIA

Question 8

FORMS OF CHOLESTEROL

Answer 8

Cholesterol ester (70%)- undergo esterification by LCAT

Free or non-esterified cholesterol (30%)- membrane,
hormone and bile acid synthesis

Question 9

are compounds containing C, H, and O

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Impaired ability to metabolize CHO due to deficiency of insulin, metabolic or hormonal changes.

Answer 10

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Question 11

a cell to increase in hyperglycemia

Answer 11

GLUCAGON

Question 12

are important indicators of CHD risk, which is a major reason for their measurement in research, as well as in clinical practice

Answer 12

Lipids and lipoproteins

Question 13

Reduction of cupric ions forming cuprous oxide in hot alkaline solution by glucose

Answer 13

Alkaline Copper reduction method

Question 14

It is an unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four
rings and it has a single C–H side chain tail similar to
a fatty acid in its physical properties

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

The general formula for a carbohydrate is

Answer 15

Cx(H2O)y

Question 16

Conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids

Answer 16

LIPOGENESIS

Question 17

end product and color of LIEBERMANN BURCHARDT METHOD

Answer 17

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic acid

GREEN

Question 18

Useful in the diagnosis of disorders characterized by altered phospholipid concentration, composition or lipoprotein distribution, including obstructive jaundice, Tangier disease, abeta-or hypobetalipoproteinemia and LCAT deficiency.

Answer 18

PHOSPHOLIPIDS DETERMINATION

Question 19

the end product is lactic
acid

Answer 19

ANEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

Question 20

commonly referred to as fats, are ubiquitous constituents of all living cells and have a dual role.

Answer 20

Lipids

Question 21

The classification of carbohydrates is based on four
different properties which are

Answer 21

the size of the base carbon chain

the location of the CO function group

the number of sugar units, and

the stereochemistry of the compound.

Question 22

after eating

Answer 22

Post Prandial

Question 23

Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate source.

Answer 23

GLUCONEOGENESIS

Question 24

a cell to decrease in hypoglycemia

Answer 24

INSULIN

Question 25

PATHWAYS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

Answer 25

Glycolysis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis

Question 26

classification of diabetes mellitus

Answer 26

Type 1 DM Type 2 DM Gestational DM

Question 27

a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increase resulting from effects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Answer 27

Diabetes mellitus

Question 28

Decomposition of fat

Answer 28

LIPOLYSIS

Question 29

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Answer 29

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Question 30

The screening and diagnosis of GDM is by

Answer 30

2 HR OGTT

Question 31

A linear chains of C–H bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (–COOH).

Answer 31

Fatty Acids

Question 32

end product and color of SALKOWSKI METHOD

Answer 32

Cholestadienyl Disulfonic acid RED

Question 33

function of carbohydrates

Answer 33

provides energy

Question 34

applicable for urine

Answer 34

Clinitest

Question 35

SAMPLES FOR GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

Answer 35

RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR (RBS) FASTING BLOOD SUGAR (FBS) – 6 to 8 hours fasting 2-HOUR POST PRANDIAL BLOOD SUGAR (2HPPBS)

Question 36

It decreases surface tension within the alveolar surface, thus allowing effective gas exchange and prevents alveolar collapse during expiration.

Answer 36

Phospholipids

Question 37

It is similar in structure to triglycerides except that they only have two esterified fatty acids. The third position on the glycerol backbone instead contains a phospholipid head group

Answer 37

Phospholipids

Question 38

standard clinical sample in Methods of Glucose Measurement

Answer 38

VENOUS BLOOD CSF URINE OTHER BODY FLUID

Question 39

HORMONES THAT REGULATES CHO METABOLISM

Answer 39

EPINEPHRINE GLUCOCORTICOIDS GROWTH HORMONE ACTH THYROXINE SOMATOSTATIN

Question 40

Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate for energy source

Answer 40

Glycolysis

Question 41

meaning of OGTT

Answer 41

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Question 42

the result of an imbalance in the rate of glucose appearance and disappearance from the circulation

Answer 42

Hypoglycemia

Question 43

is associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease, and decreased HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease

Answer 43

Increased HDL cholesterol

Question 44

HDL

Answer 44

high-density lipoprotein

Question 45

Most accurate Also measures CSF, serous and urine glucose

Answer 45

Hexokinase method

Question 46

end product of glycolysis

Answer 46

PYRUVATE or LACTATE

Question 47

Formation of glucose from glycogen

Answer 47

GLYCOGENESIS

Question 48

CHYLOS

Answer 48

chylomicrons

Question 49

LDL

Answer 49

low-density lipoprotein

Question 50

It contains three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds Very hydrophobic & water soluble; Neutral lipid Fasting requirements: 10-12 hrs

Answer 50

Triglycerides

Question 51

stored form of sugar

Answer 51

GLYCOGEN

Question 52

Serum must be separated from cells within 30 minutes, if not _______________ is added to inhibit glycolysis

Answer 52

SODIUM FLOURIDE

Question 53

Whole blood fasting glucose is ______% lower than serum plasma

Answer 53

15

Question 54

It measures beta-D Glucose Also measures CSF and urine glucose

Answer 54

Glucose oxidase method

Question 55

Reduction of yellow cyanide to a colorless ferrocyanide by glucose (inverse colorimetry)

Answer 55

Alkaline Ferric Reduction method (Hagedorn Jensen)

Question 56

VLDL

Answer 56

very-low-density lipoprotein

Question 57

LABORATORY FINDINGS IN HYPERGLYCEMIA

Answer 57

INCREASED Glucose (blood and urine) INCREASED Urine specific gravity INCREASED Osmolality (serum and urine) Ketones in blood and urine Decreased blood and urine pH (acidosis) Electrolyte imbalance (INC Na+ and HCO3, DEC K+)