Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Silviculture II: Forest Systems > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

An age class created by direct seeding or by planting seedlings or cuttings.

A

Artificial Regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The area of the cross section of a tree stem, including the bark, generally at breast height (4.5 feet above the ground).

A

Basal Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A standard height from ground level for recording diameter, girth, or basal area of a tree, generally 4.5 feet.

A

Breast Height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A release treatment made in an age class not past the sapling stage in order to free the favored trees from less desirable individuals of the same age class who overtop them or are likely to do so

A

Cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tree Any tree that is selected to become a component of a future commercial harvest.

A

Crop-tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The part of a tree or woody plant bearing live branches and foliage.

A

Crown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A class of tree based on crown position relative to the crowns of adjacent trees.

A

Crown class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ground area covered by the crowns of trees or woody vegetation as delimited by the vertical projection of crown perimeters and commonly expressed as a percent of the total ground area

A

Crown Cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The amount and compactness of foliage of the crowns of trees and/or shrubs.

A

Crown Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The planned interval between partial harvests in an uneven-aged stand

A

Cutting Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A stand of trees containing a single age class in which the range of tree ages is usually less than 20 percent of rotation.

A

Even-Aged Stand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A cutting made in a stand pole-sized or larger primarily to improve composition and quality by removing less desirable trees of any species

A

Improvement cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A collective term for any treatment designed to enhance growth, quality, vigor, and composition of the stand after establishment or regeneration and prior to final harvest

A

Intermediate Treatments (Tending)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An age class created from natural seeding, sprouting, suckering, or layering.

A

Natural Regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The natural or artificial restocking of an area with trees (syn. Regeneration).

A

Reforestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Seedlings or saplings existing in a stand; or the act of establishing young trees naturally or artificially (syn. Reforestation).

A

Regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A cutting method by which a new age class is created. The major methods are Clear cutting, Seed Tree, Shelterwood, Selection, and Coppice

A

Regeneration (Reproduction) Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In even-aged systems, the period between regeneration establishment and final cutting.

A

Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The removal of dead trees or trees being damaged or dying due to injurious agents other than competition, to recover value that would otherwise be lost.

A

Salvage Cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The removal of trees to improve stand health by stopping or reducing the actual or anticipated spread of insects and disease

A

Sanitation Cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A knowledge of the nature of the forest and forest trees, and how they grow, reproduce, and respond to changes in their environment.

A

Silvics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests and woodlands to meet the diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis.

A

Silviculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A planned process whereby a stand is tended, harvested, and re- established. The system name is based on the number of age classes

A

Silvicultural System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A measure of actual or potential forest productivity expressed in terms of the average height of a certain number of dominants and co-dominants in the stand at an index age.

A

Site Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A hand or mechanized manipulation of a site designed to enhance the success of regeneration

A

Site Preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The productive capacity of a site, usually expressed as volume production of a given species.

A

Site Quality (Productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A standing dead tree from which the leaves and most of the branches have fallen.

A

Snag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in age class distribution, composition, and structure, and growing on a site of sufficiently uniform quality, to be a distinguishable unit

A

Stand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A quantitative, absolute measure of tree occupancy per unit of land area in such terms as numbers of trees, basal area, or volume

A

Stand Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A term comprising all intermediate cuttings made to improve the composition, structure, condition, health, and growth of even- or uneven-aged stands.

A

Stand Improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

An indication of growing-space occupancy relative to a pre-established standard. Common indices of stocking are based on percent occupancy, basal area, relative density, and crown competition factor.

A

Stocking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A cultural treatment made to reduce stand density of trees primarily to improve growth, enhance forest health, or recover potential mortality.

A

Thinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The period of time between successive thinning envies, usually used in connection with even-aged stands

A

Thinning Interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A stand is composed of two distinct age classes that are separated in age by more than 20 percent of rotation.

A

Two-Aged Stand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A planned sequence of treatments designed to maintain and regenerate a stand with two age classes.

A

Two-Aged System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The root pruning of seedlings in a nursery bed to limit root depth extension.

A

Undercutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A stand of trees of three or more distinct age classes, either intimately mixed or in small groups.

A

Uneven-Aged Stand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A planned sequence of treatments designed to maintain and regenerate a stand with three or more age classes

A

Uneven-Aged System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A release treatment in stands not past the sapling stage eliminates or suppresses undesirable vegetation regardless of crown position.

A

Weeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the general aim of silviculture?

A

~to ensure that the most available growing space is filled with useful plants for as much of the stand’s life as is practical.
~to ensure that the dynamic structure of the stand meets the needs of the landowner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the “useful plants”?

A

Timber
Forage
Forest vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Basic goals of the silvicultural system

A

~Meets the goals and objectives of the landowner
~Provides for regeneration
~Considers forest health issues
~Uses growing space and site productivity effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Basic goals of the silvicultural system

A

~provides for the timely availability of many forest resources (not just timber)
~produces predictable harvests over the long term.
~balances biological/ecological and economic concerns to ensure the renewability of resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Objectives of silvicultural practices

A

Control species composition
Control of stand density
Restocking of unproductive areas
Protection and salvage
Control of rotation length
Facilitate the harvesting, management, and use of forest
Protection of the site and indirect benefits
Maintenance of aesthetic beauty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

An objective of silvicultural practice that choose species most suited to the area economically and biologically

A

Choose species composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

An objective of silvicultural practice that prioritizes the provision and maintenance of just enough trees to stock the area at each stage of the life of the land.

A

Control of stand density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

An objective of silvicultural practice that prevent severe forest losses from damaging agencies

A

Protection and salvage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

An objective of silvicultural practice that requires reforestation, re- the establishment of a forest on vacant logged-over areas and unproductive areas.

A

Restocking of unproductive areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

An objective of silvicultural practice that determine the optimum size and age by which trees are harvested accordingly. Proper management shortens the rotation period

A

Control of rotation length

50
Q

An objective of silvicultural practice that plan the growth of the stand so that any use of them is on a more efficient, economical, and orderly or predictable basis.

A

Facilitate the harvesting, management, and use of the forest

51
Q

What are the fields of silviculture?

A

Reproduction or establishment of forest land
Reproduction/ Regeneration cutting

52
Q

Cutting is made with the purpose of removing and utilizing old and creating environmental conditions favorable to the establishment of reproduction.

A

Regeneration cutting

53
Q

The time during which reproduction cuttings are made to establish a new stand.

A

Regeneration or reproduction Period

54
Q

Period during which a single crop oe regeneration is allowed to grow. Period from establishment to harvesting.

A

Rotation

55
Q

Treatment of the stand during the portion of the rotation not included in the period of regeneration. Various cuttings are made during development from the period of regeneration up to maturity.

A

Intermediate Cuttings

56
Q

refers to mainly to thinning operation done in immature crops.

A

Tending

57
Q

3 main ideas of silvicultural system

A

a.The method of regeneration of the individual crops constituting the forest
b.The form of crop produced
c.And the orderly arrangement of crops over the whole forest

58
Q

a procedure by which a stand is established or renewed.

A

Reproduction Method

59
Q

Functions of the silvicultural system

A

Regeneration
Tending
Harvest

60
Q

What are the functions of the forest?

A

Productive function
Protective function
Social function

61
Q

A forest function that has an equal or greater importance than its productive function

A

Protective function

62
Q

A forest function that assists in controlling soil erosion, protects water supplies, and provides habitat for flora and fauna

A

Protective function

63
Q

A forest function that gives employment and facilities for field sports and recreation

A

Social function

64
Q

Classification of forest according to origin

A

High forest and (coppice) low forest

65
Q

Types of high forest

A

Clear cutting
Seed Tree
Shelterwood
Selection

66
Q

Types of low forest

A

Simple coppice
Compound coppice
Pollarding

67
Q

The Philippines is losing approximately __________ hectares of forest cover every year

A

47,000

68
Q

The country is down to less than_________ of the original forest cover in the 1900s

A

24 percent

69
Q

What is the canopy density of open forest?

A

10-40 %

70
Q

What is the canopy density of closed forest?

A

60-100%

71
Q

A plant association predominantly of trees or other woody vegetation, a
collection of stands.

A

Forest

72
Q

An aggregation of trees or other growth occupying a specific area and
sufficiently uniform in species composition, size, age, arrangement, and condition as to be distinguished from the forest or other growth on adjoining areas.

A

Stand

73
Q

The composition of stands is conceived of as being either pure or mixed

A

Stand composition

74
Q

A stand in which at least 80% of the trees in the main canopy are of single species.

A

Pure stand

75
Q

A stand in which less than 80% of the trees in the canopy are of a single species.

A

Mixed stand

76
Q

The density of stocking expressed in number of trees, basal area,
volume, or other criteria, on a per-acre basis

A

Stand density

77
Q

Stands in which all the growing space is effectively occupied but which still have ample room for the development of the crop trees.

A

Fully stocked stands

78
Q

Stands in which the growing space is so completely utilized that growth has slowed down and many trees, including dominants, are being suppressed.

A

Overstocked stands

79
Q

Stands in which the growing space is not effectively occupied by crop trees.

A

Understocked stands

80
Q

Stands are usefully described and considered from the standpoint of the age classes of which they are composed. Generally, two stand forms are recognized. These are:

A

Stand form

81
Q

Stands in which there exists relatively small age differences between individual trees.

A

Even-aged stands

82
Q

Stands in which there exists relatively large age differences between individual trees. At least 3 age classes are present. A similar meaning is alleged stand.

A

Uneven-aged stand

83
Q

Stands in which there are two distinct age classes.

A

Two-aged stands

84
Q

Stands may be classified by origin; whether from seed or sprouts and suckers, or a combination of the two. Also descriptive of origin are natural or planted, and virgin or second growth.

A

Stand origin

85
Q

the topographic location of the stand.

A

Stand location

86
Q

What are the 2 broad topographic positions of stand?

A

upland and bottomland

87
Q

Uppermost branches and leaves of tall trees which act like a roof over the forest ground.

A

Canopy

88
Q

The layer of vegetation in a forest which is just below the canopy. It consists of smaller trees and tree saplings

A

Understory

89
Q

The ground surface of forest and has many kinds of small leafless plants such as mosses, liverworts and lichens, etc

A

Forest Floor

90
Q

A forest that regenerated from seeds

A

High forest

91
Q

A forest that regenerated from vegetative parts of the tree

A

Coppice forest

92
Q

This forest is regenerated naturally

A

Natural forest

93
Q

This forest is obtained artificially

A

Man-made forest

94
Q

Classification of forest according to species composition

A

Pure forest/ stand and mixed forest

95
Q

What are the species of mixed forest?

A

Principal species
Accessory species
Auxiliary species

96
Q

The most important species in mixed forest either by frequency, volume, or silviculture value

A

Principal species

97
Q

A species of less importance

A

Accessory species

98
Q

A species of inferior quality or size and having less silviculture value or importance

A

Auxiliary species

99
Q

Classification of forest according to age classes

A

Even-aged forest
Uneven-aged forest

100
Q

Classification of forests according to the objective of management

A

Production forest
Protection forest
Social forest

101
Q

A forests where the produce is utilised by neighbouring society

A

Social forest

102
Q

Classification of forest on the basis of growing stock

A

Normal Forest
Abnormal forest

103
Q

an ideal forest with regard to growing stock, age class distribution and increment and from which the annual or periodic removal of produce equals to the increment and can be continued indefinitely without endangering future yields.

A

Normal forest

104
Q

The growing stock, age, class, distribution of stems, increment, etc. are either in excess or more usually in deficit than the normal forest

A

Abnormal forest

105
Q

3 classification of forest according to climate

A

Temperate forest
Tropical Forest
Boreal forest

106
Q

What is the temperature of temperate forest?

A

Varies because of 4 distinct seasons found across eastern north america and eurasia

107
Q

Precipitation is abundant and lends to fertile soil that is able to support diverse flora like maples, oak, and birch. Deer, squirrels, and bears

A

Temperate forest

108
Q

What is the temperature of tropical forest?

A

20-31 degrees Celsius (68-88)

109
Q

It has a significant role in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

A

Boreal forest

110
Q

Conifers, spruce, fir, and pine trees are the predominant needle-leaf plant species _______. Moose and deer are just a couple of examples of large herbivorous mammals in this environment.

A

Boreal forest

111
Q

Six types of forest in the Philippines

A

Dipterocarp
Molave
Pine
Mangrove
Beach
Mid-mountain

112
Q

Exposed to strong winds, the trees are mostly dwarfed and usually covered with mosses, liverworts, filmy ferns, and epiphytic orchids.

A

Mid-mountain forest

113
Q

Occurs on tidal flats at the mouths of streams and on the shores of protected bays.

A

Mangrove forest

114
Q

The forest (stand) is composed mostly of about seven species of the Rhizophoraceae family

A

Mangrove forest

115
Q

The forest (stand), as a rule, is open and scattered, averaging 45 m3 per hectare.

A

Pine forest

116
Q

This type of forest is more open than the dipterocarp type and the volume of timber per unit is much less, averaging 30 m3 per hectare

A

Molave forest

117
Q

It occurs in regions where there are distinct wet and dry seasons, each of several months’ duration

A

Molave forest

118
Q

This is the forest type in which members of the Dipterocarp family form the predominating timber species, about 75 percent by volume.

A

Dipterocarp forest

119
Q

They thrive under a variety of conditions, from moist river bottoms to hilly and mountainous country, and make up the upper story in more or less pure stands

A

Dipterocarp forest

120
Q

It maintains forests that change over time through edge insertions and deletions

A

Dynamic tree data structures

121
Q
A

Silviculture II: Forest Systems (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions