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Silviculture II: Forest Systems > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

A type of system wherein treatments are applied uniformly over the same stand and most often relies on a series of preparatory cuttings to ready the stand for the regeneration cutting by encouraging crown expansion, and promoting wind firmness and cone production.

A

Uniform system

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2
Q

It implies a uniform opening of the canopy for regeneration purposes, as well as the even-aged and regular condition of the young crop produced.

A

Uniform system

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3
Q

Can you give the upsides of uniform system?

A

Economic return
High-quality crop
Simpler in execution

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4
Q

Can you state the downside of uniform system?

A

Long time to establish
Negative impact on wildlife habitat
Lack of diversity

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5
Q

What is the other name for Group system?

A

Gayer’s or Bavarian Femelschlag

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6
Q

What is the main objective of Group system?

A

To enhance ecosystem services and complexity.

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7
Q

In the context of sustainable forest management, how can Group system contribute to the resilience of forest biodiversity?

A

Promotion of natural regeneration

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8
Q

What is the first step in the group system? Or how to start?

A

Create a gap by felling trees to provide direct sunlight to saplings for faster growth.

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9
Q

True or False: In making gaps around developing site of the group system the trees to be felled are the mature trees and seed trees.

A

False, we should not cut seed trees.

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10
Q

A system composed of a growth of small trees or shrubs that have grown from suckers or sprouts

A

Coppice system

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11
Q

Give the production process of the coppice system.

A
  1. Selection of species
  2. Initial cut
  3. Regular harvesting
  4. Sustainable management
  5. Multiple use
  6. Rotation length
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12
Q

What are the conservation process of the coppice system?

A

Soil management
Wildlife consideration
Biodiversity enhancement

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13
Q

Give me a downside of coppice system.

A

Reduced Timber size
Limited to certain species
Labor intensive

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14
Q

a traditional and sustainable method of woodland management that involves cyclically cutting trees down to ground level to stimulate regrowth.

A

Coppice system

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15
Q

a harvest/regeneration activity in which an appropriate number of individual trees is left across an area to provide
seed for production of the next crop of trees.

A

Seed tree system

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16
Q

A tree left as a resource of seed
regeneration.

A

Seed tree

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17
Q

the removal of the old stand in one harvest entry, except for a small number of trees left singly, in small groups, or narrow strips, as a source of seed for natural regeneration.

A

Seed tree method

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18
Q

individual trees are more or less uniformly distributed throughout the block. This system is the most common seed tree system in BC.

A

Uniform seed tree systems

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19
Q

seed trees are left in the block in small patches. These patches may be arranged in irregular groups or in strips.

A

Grouped seed tree system

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20
Q

Also known as the first cut, its intent
is to remove the majority of the trees in the stand to create a fully exposed microclimate for the establishment of seeds from a small number of high-quality mature trees left on site for
this purpose

A

Seed tree cut

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21
Q

Also known as the second cut and occurs between 3 and 10 years following the seed-tree cut, depending on the species being regenerated. Its intent is to remove the seed-trees to release the newly established cohort.

A

removal cut

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22
Q

Give advantages of seed tree system

A

There is a source of seed tree on every acre
supply seed is also uniformly distributed

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23
Q

a group of trees that differ significantly in ages; by convention, the spread of ages exceeds 25% of the planned life span for an age class.

A

Uneven aged system

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24
Q

It consists of a stand with 3 or more age class with two approaches and can gain revenue at short intervals. A widely use system

A

Uneven aged system

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25
Q

What is the conservation process of uneven aged system?

A

Tending
Sanitation cutting
Harvesting

26
Q

Give 3 objectives of uneven aged system

A

To provide income at more frequent intervals
Provide wildlife
Maintain forest cover

27
Q

a type of Agroforestry system where the temporary food crops and permanent forest trees are grown simultaneously with the ultimate aim of developing a well established forest in future.

A

Taungya system

28
Q

a Burmese word, which made up of two different words, meaning hills and cultivation

A

Taung ya

29
Q

What are the three types of taungya?

A

Departmental taungya
Leased taungya
Village taungya

30
Q

A type of taungya wherein the ownership is under the Forest Department.

A

Departmental taungya

31
Q

A type of taungya wherein the ownership is under a person who pays high price of land and bears the cost of production

A

Leased taungya

32
Q

A type of taungya where in the ownership is under the village people and the most successful type.

A

Village taungya

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of taungya system?

A

Exposure of land
Cultivators may claim for legal right on land
Insecure land tenure

34
Q

Advantages of taungya?

A

Weed and climber’s growth is suppressed
Full utilization of land
Employment opportunities

35
Q

The aim of Taungya is both food production and ___?

A

wood production

36
Q

A forestry system is characterized by the creation and maintenance of a stand where the majority of trees are similar of age, leading to a uniform canopy structure.

A

Even aged system

37
Q

What are the upsides of the even-aged system?

A

Efficient timber production
Simplified management
Controlled species composition

38
Q

What are the downsides of the even-aged system?

A

Reduced biodiversity
Soil erosion concerns
Susceptibility to pest and diseases

39
Q

This system involves harvesting or regenerating a stand at regular intervals, ensuring that the trees mature simultaneously.

A

Even-aged system

40
Q

an area of forestland where most of the standing trees are logged at the same time and a few trees remain post-harvest.​

A

Clearcut

41
Q

It involves the removal of nearly all standing trees within a limited area for the specific purpose of regenerating a new forest (Helms 1998).​

A

Clearcutting

42
Q

The objective of this system is to regenerate shade intolerant tree species, control spread of forest insects and pathogens, improve the timber productivity of managed even-aged forests, and provide early-seral forest wildlife habitat​

A

Clearcutting system

43
Q

What is the production cycle of the clearcutting system?

A

Establishment
Tending
Harvest

44
Q

a traditional communal land management system that involves the division of rice terraces into plots owned by different families or clans.

A

Muyong system

45
Q

It integrates other crops such as sweet potatoes, beans, and vegetables in the terraces. This promotes crop diversity and food security.

A

Muyong System

46
Q

It is characterized by the construction of intricate stone-walled terraces that maximize the use of available water resources and prevent soil erosion.

A

Muyong System

47
Q

What are the objectives of muyong system?

A

Sustainable rice production and communal harmony

48
Q

The production process of muyong system

A

Terrace construction
Crop cultivation
Irrigation Management
Community work

49
Q

A system primarily implemented in Ifugao Province, specifically in towns like Banaue and Batad.

A

Muyong system

50
Q

What are the challenges in muyong system?

A

labor and modernization (Vulnerable to abandonment)

51
Q

a method of forest management that entails the targeted harvest of small groups or clusters of trees within a forest stand from an area of up to a
maximum of 0.5 ha. This approach is employed to facilitate regeneration and achieve specific management goals.

A

Group selection method

52
Q

Its success rests on modifying the system to fit particular forest features and management objectives while
encouraging ecological resilience and
sustainable behaviors.

A

Group selection system

53
Q

an advanced approach to silviculture that seeks to strike a balance between the demands of careful planning, expert management, and financial concerns, and the development of biodiversity and aesthetic appeal.

A

Group Selection method

54
Q

What are the advantages of a group selection system?

A

Biodiversity enhancement
Mimics natural disturbances
Gradual transition

55
Q

What are the disadvantages of a group selection system?

A

Seedling vulnerability
Limited applicability
Economic conservation

56
Q

What are the roles of trees left behind cutting on shelterwood system?

A

Produce new seeds
Shield young trees from harsh weather

57
Q

a method that cuts mature trees in stages over several years to encourage new tree growth.

A

Shelterwood system

58
Q

a management technique designed to avoid clear-cutting, but to provide even-aged timber. It involves cutting trees in a series of cuttings, allowing new seedlings to grow from the seeds of older trees.

A

Shelterwood system

59
Q

What are the upsides of shelterwood system?

A

Continuous growth of trees
Diversity of forest
Protection and seed source

60
Q

What are the downsides of the shelterwood system?

A

Complex management
Higher cost
Overcrowding risk

61
Q

A system that transfers resources from one tree generation to the next, allowing older trees to gain value even as new trees grow. This method causes less ecological and aesthetic damage to the site compared to clear-cutting.

A

Shelter wood system

Silviculture II: Forest Systems (2 decks)

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