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Hydrology > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

It is a multidisciplinary subject that deals with occurrence, circulation, storage, and distribution of surface and ground water here on earth.

A

Hydrology

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2
Q

It is a well draining soil type that holds moisture.

A

Loam

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3
Q

Soil type that gets waterlogged and holds nutrients .

A

Clay

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4
Q

Soil type that drains quickly and holds fewer nutrients.

A

Sand

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5
Q

Soil type that is easily compacted and fertile.

A

Silt

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6
Q

It is the arrangement of natural and artificial physical features of an area.

A

Topography

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7
Q

It is the study of landforms, their processes, form and sediments at the surface of the earth.

A

Geomorphology

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8
Q

Is the science dealing with atmosphere and its phenomena, including both weather and climate.

A

Meteorology

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9
Q

It is the science that deals with earth’s physical feature and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.

A

Geology

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10
Q

The branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea.

A

Oceanography

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11
Q

Study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

A

Ecology

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12
Q

A branch of physics concerned
with the mechanics of fluids
and the forces on them.

A

Fluid mechanics

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13
Q

A branch of physics that deals with the motion of fluids and the forces acting on solid bodies immersed in fluids and in motion relative to them.

A

Hydrodynamics

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14
Q

is a specific kind of civil engineering
that involves the design of new
systems and equipment that help
manage human water resources.

A

Water Resources Engineering

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15
Q

Prime requirement for the
existence of life.

A

Water

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16
Q

Who in Middle East had early water management practice?

A

Sumerians and Egyptians

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17
Q

Huang He

A

Yellow River

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18
Q

The first
serious students of hydrology

A

The Greek Philosophers

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19
Q

Proposed the conversion of moist
air into water deep inside mountains

A

Aristotle

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20
Q

Suggested the idea of an
underground sea as the source of all surface
waters

A

Homer

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21
Q

Romans had __ aqueducts
constructed over a period of 500
years.

A

11

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22
Q

A watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away.

A

Aqueduct

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23
Q

discovered the relationship between Area,
Velocity and Flow Rate during the Italian Renaissance.

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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24
Q

first recorded measurement of rainfall and surface
flow in the 17th Century.

A

Perrault

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25
Q

used a small pan to estimate evaporation in the
Mediterranean Sea and made several conclusions.

A

Halley

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26
Q

gaged the velocity of flow in the Seine River in Paris

A

Mariotte

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27
Q

Law for flow in porous media

A

Darcy’s Law

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28
Q

developed capillary flow
equation to describe flow in small channels

A

Hagen - Poseuille Equation

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29
Q

Equation developed to describe pipe
flow around 1850s

A

Darcy - Weisbach Equation

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30
Q

Period before AD 1400

A

Period of Speculation

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31
Q

PERIODS IN THE HISTORY OF
HYDROLOGY

A

Period of Speculation
Period of Observation
Period of Measurement
Period of Experimentation
Period of Modernization
Period of Empiricism
Period of Rationalization
Period of Theorization

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32
Q

produced a significant step forward for the field of hydrology,
as government agencies began to develop their own
programs of hydrologic research.

A

Period of Rationalization

33
Q

is the major hydrologic link between oceans and
continents on the planet, facilitating the cycle of water
movement on Earth.

A

Atmosphere

34
Q

is the
lowest layer of our
atmosphere.

A

Troposphere

35
Q

LAYERS OF EARTH’S
ATMOSPHERE

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Ionosphere

36
Q

Most meteors burn up here.

A

Mesosphere

37
Q

Many satellites orbit here.

A

Thermosphere

38
Q

outermost
layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.

A

Exosphere

39
Q

What temperature does water freezes in C°?

A

0°

40
Q

What temperature does water boil in C°?

A

100°

41
Q

is not a distinct
layer like the other layers of the atmosphere

A

Ionosphere

42
Q

is both a major catalyst and a balancing factor of
atmospheric processes that create the weather in the lower
atmosphere

A

Water Vapor Content

43
Q

is a measure of the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere
and can be expressed in several
ways.

A

Humidity

44
Q

The mass of water vapor in a unit volume of air

A

Absolute Humidity

45
Q

The mass of the water vapor compared to the total mass
of air parcel

A

Specific Humidity

46
Q

The mass of the water vapor compared to the total mass
of the rest of the air parcel

A

Water mixing ratio

47
Q

True or False? High pressure system brings clouds and precipitation.

A

False - Low Pressure System

48
Q

Their tops are rounded, puffy, and a brilliant white
when sunlit, while their bottoms are flat and relatively
dark

A

Cumulus Cloud

49
Q

They hang low in the sky as a flat,
featureless, uniform layer of grayish cloud.

A

Stratus Cloud

50
Q

These are low, puffy, grayish or whitish clouds that
occur in patches with blue sky visible in between. Dark, honeycomb appearance.

A

Stratocumulus Cloud

51
Q

white or gray patches that dot the sky in large,
rounded masses or clouds that are aligned in parallel
bands.

A

Altocumulus Cloud

52
Q

cover the sky in a dark gray
layer. They can extend from the low and middle layers
of the atmosphere and are thick enough to blot out the
sun.

A

Nimbostratus Cloud

53
Q

Appear as gray or bluish-gray sheets of
cloud that partially or totally cover the sky at mid-levels.

A

Altostratus

54
Q

They are
made up of tiny ice crystals rather than water droplets. Latin for “curl of
hair”

A

Cirrus

55
Q

Clouds often arranged in rows that live at high
altitudes and are made of ice crystals.

A

Cirrocumulus

56
Q

Are transparent, whitish clouds
that veil or cover nearly the entire sky. Halo.

A

Cirrostratus

57
Q

Are one of the few clouds that
span the low, middle, and high layers.

A

Cumulonimbus

58
Q

Is essentially a low cloud with a base
that is very near the ground, often reducing the
visibility in the area around it.

A

Fog

59
Q

The general circulation of wind across the earth is caused by ______ & ______.

A

✓ Uneven heating of earth’s surface through solar input
✓ Earth’s rotation

60
Q

A phenomenon that causes fluids, like water and air, to curve as they travel across or above Earth’s surface

A

Coriolis Effect

61
Q

Best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference.

A

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis

62
Q

are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

A

Westerlies/Anti-trades

63
Q

are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth’s equatorial region

A

Easterlies

64
Q

These latitudes are characterized by calm winds and little precipitation

A

Horse latitudes

65
Q

Tropical Storm that form over the Southern Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.

A

Cyclones

66
Q

Tropical storm that form over the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean.

A

Hurricane

67
Q

Are narrow bands of high-speed winds that circle each hemisphere like great rivers, at elevations extending from 2.5 or 3 miles to above the tropopause.

A

Jet streams

68
Q

Tropical storm that form over the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

A

Typhoons

69
Q

Boundary between one air mass and another.

A

Frontal zone or front

70
Q

Denotes all forms of water that reach the earth from the atmosphere.

A

Precipitation

71
Q

A plot of rainfall intensity (in/hr) vs. time

A

Hyetograph

72
Q

This type of rain gauge generates an
electric signal (i.e., a pulse) for each
unit of precipitation collected, and
allows automatic or remote
observation with a recorder or a
counter

A

Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge

73
Q

type of gauge used at non-automated observatories.

A

Ordinary Rain Gauge

74
Q

this type of rain gauge can also be used to measure snow, it is alternatively known as snow gauge

A

Cylindrical Rain Gauge

75
Q

rain gauge that enables automatic, continuous measurement and recording of precipitation.

A

Siphon Rain Gauge

76
Q

3 STAGES OF THUNDERSTORMS

A

Cumulus Stage
Mature Stage
Dissipating Stage

77
Q

is a necessary source for precipitation and is generally provided from evaporation and transpiration

A

Atmosphere moisture

78
Q

Stages of Cyclone

A

Wind Shear
Indention in Front (Wave)
Cold and Warm Front Advance
Cold Front catches up with warm front
Occlusion of warm front
Dissipation

79
Q

3 Globe Cells

A

Polar
Mid-latitude
Hadley

Hydrology (5 decks)

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