midterms Flashcards
the study of politics and power from domestic, international, and comparative perspectives. It entails understanding political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, and behavior, as well as groups, classes, government, diplomacy, law, strategy, and war.
political science
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
culture
they type of research that seeks patterns and explanations for general phenomena and specific cases. Attempts to explain various political phenomena, which could include understanding the behavior of voters, or the foreign policy of a country.
empirical
a government structure, with power to enforce its decisions.
state
a population with a cohesiveness, common attitudes, ideals, and usually a common language.
nation
differences found among populations of a nation’s regions results in breakaway movements
regionalism
the nation must get to all the population - in far away or separate cultural region - to get all to obey. Government is centered in the capital, and new governments extend rule from there.
penetration
to feel one is a citizen of a nation, instead of a tribe, state, or region.
identity
the legal right to govern, but also the psychological right to govern - government rule is rightful.
legitimacy
People know what they want, and they have good reasons for doing what they do. It can explain why people break away from the crowd or do something different. People make judgments based on their ability to reason.
rational
the man who classified government as corrupt and legitimate.
Aristotle
a phrase that refers to the trade-offs that nations face when choosing whether to produce more or less military or consumer goods
“guns or butter”
A set of rules and customs, written or unwritten, legally established or extralegal, by which government conducts its affairs.
constitution
He argued that current necessity rather than precedent should determine the rules by which people are governed; that experience, not logic, should be the basis of law.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.
totalitarianism
A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.
civil disobedience
a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles
pluralism
favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms.
radical
person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
moderate
a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante, the previous political state of society, which that person believes possessed positive characteristics absent from contemporary society.
reactionary
Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.
Adam Smith
institutions and traditions are good. They are the result of hundreds of years of refinements, and people have become use to them. These institutions are not perfect, but if they need to be changed, it should be done slowly and gradually - giving people time to adjust. There should be a means of change available.
classic conservatism
minimal government involvement. The free market is still the best way, and the government does a poor job in the economy. Guided by the traditions and religious emphasis of Burke - and so, support for prayer, religious school, opposition to abortion and gay marriage. They combine the economic ideology of Smith with the social ideology of Burke.
modern conservatism
wanted to overthrow the capitalist system
Karl Marx
person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth
capitalist
a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value.
libertarianism
the advocacy of women’s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.
feminism
a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
fascism
what the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time
public opinion
